矩形网格三点Fermat射线追踪技术

矩形网格三点Fermat射线追踪法是基于矩形网格三点扰动法的一种提高计算速度的方法.取矩形网格三个点,在Fermat最小旅行时原则下求取扰动中间点的位置,而不象扰动法那样依次扰动.因此,计算速度比扰动法提高2倍多,同时不受扰动摄动量大小选择的困扰.该方法继承了矩形网格三点扰动法的优点,对任意离散的速度场,总能找到最短时间路径,避免了射线盲区和追踪路径并非时间最短路径问题.

Si/SiGe/Si-SOI异质结构的同步辐射双晶貌相术和高分辨三轴晶X射线衍射

运用同步辐射双晶貌相术结合高分辨三轴晶X射线衍射对经原位低温热处理的Si/SiGe/Si SOI异质结构进行研究,发现Si层(004)衍射峰两侧半高宽(FWHMs)处同步辐射双晶形貌像特征存在明显差异.对同步辐射双晶摇摆曲线中Si层(004)衍射峰的不对称性给予了解释,同时阐明了高分辨三轴晶X射线衍射2θω扫描曲线中Si层(004)衍射双峰与Si层衍射结构的对应关系.

基于三轴X射线衍射方法的n-GaN位错密度的测试条件分析

三轴X射线衍射技术广泛应用于半导体材料参数的精确测试,然而应用于纤锌矿n-GaN位错密度的测试却可能隐藏极大的误差.本文采用三轴X射线衍射技术测试了两个氢化物气相外延方法生长的n-GaN样品,发现两样品对应衍射面的半高全宽都基本一致,按照镶嵌结构模型,采用Srikant方法或Williamson-Hall方法,两样品的位错密度也应基本一致.但van der Pauw变温霍尔效应测试表明,其中的非故意掺杂样品是莫特相变材料,而掺Si样品则是非莫特相变材料,位错密度有数量级的差别.实验表明,位错沿晶界生长导致的晶粒尺寸效应,表现为三轴X射线衍射技术检测不到晶界晶格畸变区域的位错,给测试带来极大误差,这对正确使用Srikant方法和Williamson-Hall方法提出了测试要求.分析表明,当扭转角与倾转角之比β_(twist)/β_(tiit)≥2.0时,Srikant方法是准确的,否则需进一步由Williamson-Hall方法确定晶粒大小(面内共格长度L//),当L//≥1.5μm时,Srikant方法是准确的.

三区分划射线追踪法研究及其应用

根据高频(HF)信道的特点和要求,对三区分划射线追踪法的精度进行了深入分析,结果表明三区分划射线追踪法可用于HF信道的模拟研究.提出并实现了利用三区分划射线追踪法替代Vogler法信道模拟中的射线参数理论求解部分,解决了Vogler方法在HF信道模拟应用中存在的适用范围窄等问题.通过与Vogler模拟方法的比较,散射函数的形状完全一样,而且可以得到利用Vogler方法无法确定的射线的入射角等有用信息,从而验证了本文方法的正确性和优越性.

三种天然射线在不同速度选择器中的运动轨迹

放射性物质在衰变过程中产生三种不同射线，即α射线、β射线和γ射线。首先认识这三种射线在原子核中的产生过程，搞明白它们的来历才可能正确认识它们的本质，此外，要认识这三种射线的电量、电性和速度以及三种射线在匀强电场和匀强磁场中发生偏转的方式，需要正确认知这三种天然射线的性质。通过定量计算来论证α射线、β射线和γ射线在不同速度选择器中的偏转情况。

四面体中三面角的计算公式

这是一个“来自四面体的挑战”性质的问题,本文求得了这一公式,但须如下引理.引理(三射线定理)[1]从空间一点O 任意引三条射线 OA,OB,OC.

Micropores in G20Mn5N cast steel and their influence on stress distribution

To accurately analyze the impact of casting pores in steel,high-resolution 3D X-ray tomography technology was used to gather detailed statistical information about micropores.These micropores were classified as gas,shrinkage,and gas-shrinkage pores depending on their formation origin and morphology.Clustering tendencies and affinity parameters were defined to characterize the spatial correlations among these three types of pores.The 3D data from X-ray tomography scans were then integrated into finite element analysis(FEA)software to predict how micropore shape,size,and distribution influence stress distribution within the material.The results show that certain inflection points with small local radii within the cast pores are major contributors to stress concentration.Therefore,cast pores cannot be simply modeled as ideal spherical pores.The sphericity and volume of pores have a significant impact on the stress concentration of the model.Specifically,lower sphericity and larger pore volumes result in higher stress concentrations.Moreover,the internal pores of steel castings exhibit specific global distribution characteristics.Pores located on the surface of the specimen lead to significantly higher stress concentrations compared to those located inside the specimen.

利用X射线衍射考察不同缓冲层对AlGaN外延薄膜微结构的影响

为了获得高质量的高Al组分AlGaN外延材料,一般是在蓝宝石基片与外延层之间引入缓冲层或模板层(GaN、AlN或两者的交替周期超晶格)来提高AlGaN的外延质量,不同的缓冲层及结构对AlGaN的外延质量产生不同的影响.利用三轴晶高分辨X射线衍射(TAXRD)表征手段对2种生长结构下的AlGaN进行表征分析.

空间两直线平面角与其投影角变化关系的探讨

空间两直线的平面角是工程实际中经常碰到的问题,在工程制图的教学中,未能给出解决任意平面角的图解问题。本文应用三射线定理,在投影角度一定的前提下,详细地分析任意平面角与其投影角之间的变化规律,以期强化工程制图的教学工作,深化空间角度在工程实际中的应用。

A minimum traveltime ray tracing global algorithm on a triangular net for propagating plane waves

To address the problem of subdividing inflexible rectangular grid models and their poor definition of velocity interfaces,we propose a complex structure triangular net for a minimum traveltime ray tracing global algorithm.Our procedure is：（1） Subdivide a triangle grid based on the Delaunay triangular subdivision criterion and the relationships of the points,lines,and the surfaces in the subdividing area.（2） Define the topology relationships and related concepts of triangular unit ray tracing.（3） The source point and wave arrival points at any time compose the propagating plane wave and the minimum traveltime and secondary source positions are calculated during the plane wave propagation.We adopt the hyperbolic approximation global algorithm for secondary source retrieving.（4） By minimum traveltime ray tracing,collect the path from receiver to source points with the neighborhood point＇s traveltime and the direction of the secondary source.Numerical simulation examples are given to test the algorithm.The results show that the triangular net ray tracing method demonstrates model subdivision flexibility,precise velocity discontinuity interfaces,and accurate computations.

张角公式帮你解竞赛题

本文现将张角公式及其在国外数学竞赛解题中的应用介绍如下: 一、张角公式已知由点P发出的三射线PA、PB、PC;且∠APC=α,∠CPB=β,∠APB=α+β【180°,那么A、B、C三点共线的充要条件是:

张角定理帮你解竞赛题

本文拟介绍张角定理及其在数学竞赛解题中的应用.一。

一个值得推广的求二面角公式

对于初学者来说,求二面角的平面角往往感到困惑。笔者根据多年教学经验,认为应用三射线定理来求解二面角的平面角问题,会带来极大的方便。

AlGaN中的应变状态

用X射线衍射和卢瑟福背散射方法研究了生长在GaN上厚度为570nm的AlxGa1-xN外延层中的应变状态.实验结果显示AlGaN的共格因子在组分小于0.42时随组分的增加而近似线性减小,并且在0.42时达到30%,此后随组分的增加变化较慢,在x=1(AlN)时接近0.在本实验条件中,由于GaN层处于压应变状态,导致与AlGaN外延层的失配变小,使得组分约为0.16的AlxGa1-xN外延层可以共格生长在GaN层上.

张角公式帮你解几何题

平面几何中有一个与面积关系有关的张角公式,一般不引人注目。但在教学时,却发现张角公式能帮助解决许多几何题,有的还是典型的难题。现分两方面介绍如下,供初中数学教师教学时参考。一、张角公式已知由点P发出的三射线PA、PB、PC;且∠APC=α,∠CPB=β,∠APB=α+β<180°,那么A、B、C三点在一直线上的充要条件是: sin(α+β)/PC=sinα/PB+sinβ/PA 证明:若A、B、C三点共线, 则△PAB=△PAC+△PCB 故 1/2PA·PBsin(α+β)=1/2PA·sinα+1/2PB·PCsinβ两边同除以1/2PA·PB·PC,即得所欲证的等式。反之,若命题中等式成立,则反推可得: △PAB=△PAC+△PCB。这说明△ABC=|△PAB-△PAC-△PCB|=0,所以A、B、C三点共线。

Phase equilibria for the pseudo-ternary system(NaCl+Na2SO4+H2O)of coal gasification wastewater at T=(268.15 to 373.15)K

The pseudo-ternary system(Na Cl + Na_2SO_4+ H_2O) of coal gasification wastewater was studied at T =(268.15 to 373.15) K. The solubility and density of the equilibrium liquid phase were determined by the isothermal solution saturation method. The equilibrium solids were also investigated by the Schreinemaker's method of wet residues and X-ray powder diffraction(XRD). According to the experimental data, the phase diagrams were determined. It was found that there was no significant solubility difference on the Na Cl-rich side between the ternary system(Na Cl + Na_2SO_4+ H_2O) in coal gasification wastewater and in pure water. However, the solubility on the Na_2SO_4-rich side of coal gasification wastewater was apparently higher than that of pure water. The increase in the solubility of Na_2SO_4 was most likely caused by the effects of other impurities apart from Na Cl and Na_2SO_4 in coal gasification wastewater. The measured data and phase equilibrium diagrams can provide fundamental basis for salt recovery in coal gasification wastewater.

Fracture evolution in coalbed methane reservoirs subjected to liquid nitrogen thermal shocking

Thermal shocking effect occurs when the coalbed methane(CBM)reservoirs meet liquid nitrogen(LN2)of extremely low temperature.In this study,3D via X-ray microcomputer tomography(μCT)and scanning electron microscope(SEM)are employed to visualize and quantify morphological evolution characteristics of fractures in coal after LN2 thermal shocking treatments.LN2 thermal shocking leads to a denser fracture network than its original state with coal porosity growth rate increasing up to 183.3%.The surface porosity of theμCT scanned layers inside the coal specimen is influenced by LN2 thermal shocking which rises from 18.76%to 215.11%,illustrating the deformation heterogeneity of coal after LN2 thermal shocking.The cracking effect of LN2 thermal shocking on the surface of low porosity is generally more effective than that of high surface porosity,indicating the applicability of LN2 thermal shocking on low-permeability CBM reservoir stimulation.The characteristics of SEM scanned coal matrix in the coal powder and the coal block after the LN2 thermal shocking presented a large amount of deep and shallow progressive scratch layers,fracture variation diversity(i.e.extension,propagation,connectivity,irregularity)on the surface of the coal block and these were the main reasons leading to the decrease of the uniaxial compressive strength of the coal specimen.

An experimental investigation of failure mechanical behavior in cylindrical granite specimens containing two non-coplanar open fissures under different confining pressures

Fissures play a significant role in predicting the unstable failure of rock mass engineering.For deep rock underground engineering,rock mass containing pre-existing fissures is usually located in triaxial stress state.Therefore,not only pre-existing fissure but also confining pressure affects the failure mechanical behavior of rock material.In this research,the granite specimens containing two non-coplanar open fissures were investigated by a series of conventional triaxial compression tests.First,the effect of bridge angle and confining pressure on strength and deformation characteristics of granite specimens was evaluated.Results show that the triaxial compressive strength,failure axial strain,and crack damage threshold increased nonlinearly with confining pressure.Under high confining pressures,elastic modulus was insensitive to bridge angle.Then,an X-ray micro-CT scanning technique was used to analyze the internal fracture characteristics of granite specimens with respect to various bridge angles and confining pressures.Five typical crack coalescence modes were identified,namely,indirect coalescence,shear coalescence and three types of tensile coalescence.The reconstructed 3-D CT images indicated that under uniaxial or low confining pressures,the bridge angle had a significant effect on crack evolution behavior,while under high confining pressures,shear-dominated failures occurred with the development of anti-wing cracks.

Phase equilibria of Zn-Al-Ti ternary system at 450 and 600℃

The phase relationships in the Zn-Al-Ti system at 450 and 600℃ were experimentally determined using equilibrated alloys method.The specimens were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry.Eleven and eight three-phase regions are confirmed in the 450 and 600℃ isothermal sections,respectively.The Ti2Al5 which only exists at high temperature(990-1199.4℃)in Ti-Al binary system is confirmed in two isothermal sections due to the dissolution of zinc.The T phase is confirmed as a ternary compound rather than an extension phase of TiZn3 at 450℃.The T2 phase is a new ternary phase stable at 450 and 600℃ in Zn-Al-Ti ternary system.