三环型吗啡类似物合成的新方法

本文报道4,6-二羟基-9b β-N-甲基苯乙胺乙基六氢双苯骈呋喃(1)的合成路线。以芳基取代的环己烯醇(2)为原料,经重排、环氧化、环合、还原、磺酰化、取代和脱保护等九步反应,1的总产率为46％。

几种芳香型三环二萜化合物的半合成

以(±)-13-甲氧基罗汉松烷-8,11,13-三烯(1)为起始原料,合成了5种三环二萜化合物2～6。化合物2的乙基由化合物1在-78℃及正丁基锂存在下,经溴乙烷乙基取代反应引入;在吡啶中用CrO3将化合物2氧化到得化合物3。在-78℃及正丁基锂存在下,化合物1用异丙基溴烷基化后,再经CrO3-HOAc溶液氧化得酮4;化合物4利用Jones试剂氧化得二酮5;化合物5在t-BuOK和t-BuOH中烯醇化为化合物6。化合物2～6均经1H NMR、13C NMR、IR、MS(EI)、HRMS、元素分析等表征所得数据与文献值相符。

三环唑Ⅰ型复配剂WP防治稻叶瘟的药效试验

稻瘟病是水稻三大病害之一，危害相当严重。我县是稻瘟病老病区，历年都有不同程度的发生，每年因稻瘟病危害而减产１０％左右，尤其叶瘟和穗颈瘟更为严重。为了寻求更适宜的防治药剂，１９９７年６月我站受省植保总站的委托，对江苏常州丰登农药厂提供的２０％三环唑Ⅰ型...

输入电压前馈型三环控制Buck变换器研究

为了提高Buck变换器的输入与输出电压响应速度、稳压精度和抗干扰能力,提出了输入电压前馈+平均电流反馈+输出电压反馈型三环控制方式。在基于峰值电流反馈型的V^2C三环Buck变换器基础上修正了拓扑结构:引入输入电压前馈环节,修正双电压反馈型为电压前馈+电压反馈型,改进峰值电流反馈型为平均电流反馈型,形成了新的三环控制方式的Buck变换器拓扑结构;通过分析工作原理和推导有源-无源开关对等效模型,构建了整体小信号模型,获得了传递函数;采用Pspice软件搭建模块与编程,将新型三环控制方式与峰值电流型V^2C三环控制方式进行时域、频域对比仿真分析验证,表明提出的三环控制方式其输入与输出电压响应速度、稳压精度和抗干扰能力均优于后者。

发挥环型路网结构优势开行环线铁路旅客列车

本文根据哈尔滨铁路局管辖的铁路线路网结构特点,将现有的铁路线路网结构概括为"西环、中环、东环"环环相扣的"三环"型路网结构,并就这一独特的路网结构,提出"环线旅客列车开行方案"。本文指出了现行的旅客列车运行方案的部分不足之处,论证了"环线旅客列车开行方案"的可行性,阐述了开行环线旅客列车的优势。

压力容器外部冷却非加热实验研究

压力容器外部冷却(ERVC)作为一项重要的严重事故缓解策略,可以将事故进程终结在压力容器内,实现熔融物堆内滞留(IVR)。但在核电厂应用ERVC策略之前,需要对其流动和传热过程进行实验研究。本实验采用1∶1模拟循环高度的切片实验装置模拟中国改进型三环路压水堆(CPR1000)压力容器外部冷却两相自然循环过程,研究其外部冷却流道结构及尺寸对外部冷却流动的影响。实验结果表明:进出口面积、贯穿件及保温层结构等对外部流动存在着不同程度的影响,其中进出口面积对循环流量的影响是主要的,但贯穿件对传热现象的影响需要进一步的分析和验证。试验中注气流量与回路循环流量的最大测量误差分别为12.9%和3.4%。

(±)-19-去甲基-4(18),8,11,13-四烯-松香烷-7-酮的全合成

以间异丙基溴苯 1为起始原料 ,通过进攻环氧乙烷及溴代两步制得溴化物 3.溴化物 3与 Hagemann′s酯发生偶联反应 ,水解后生成偶联产物 5 .再以路易斯酸 BF3 ·Et2 O催化化合物 5进行分子内环化为关键步骤得到反式稠合中间体 6 ,最后通过与三苯基膦碘甲烷季盐发生 Wittig反应及氧化 ,合成了 (± ) -1 9-去甲基 -4 (1 8) ,8,1 1 ,1 3-四烯 -松香烷 -7-酮 [1 9-nor-abieta-4 (1 8) ,8,1 1 ,1 3-tetraen-7-one](8) .

Enhancing corrosion resistance of 7150 Al alloy using novel three-step aging process

The effects of a novel three-step aging process （T76＋T6） on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of 7150 extruded aluminum alloy were evaluated and compared with those of the conventional retrogression and re-aging process （T77）. The open circuit potential （OCP）, cyclic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectra （EIS） of the A1 alloys were measured after treatment in three solutions （3.5% NaCl （mass fraction）; 10 mmol/L NaCl ＋ 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4; 4 mol/L NaCl ＋ 0.5 mol/L KNO3 ＋ 0.1 mol/L HNO3）. The parameters including the corrosion potential, pitting potential, pit transition potential and steepness, and potential differences were extensively discussed to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the Al alloys. The electrochemical and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） data show that compared with the 7150-T77 Al alloy, the T76 ＋ T6 aged 7150 A1 alloy exhibits better resistance to pitting corrosion, inter-granular corrosion （IGC） and exfoliation corrosion, which is attributed to further coarsening and inter-spacing of the grain boundary particles （GBPs） as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the hardness tests indicate that an attractive combination of strength and corrosion resistance was obtained for the 7150 Al alloy with T76 ＋ T6 treatment.

Simulated circulations off the Changjiang (Yangtze) River mouth in spring and autumn

The circulations off the Changjiang mouth in May and November were simulated by a three dimension numerical model with monthly averaged parameters of dynamic factors in this paper. The area covers the East China Sea (ECS), Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. Simulated results show that the circulation off the Changjiang mouth in spring and autumn is mainly the Changjiang runoff and Taiwan Warm Current (TWC). The Changjiang discharge is much larger in May than in November, and the wind is westward in May, and southward in November off the Changjiang mouth. The runoff in May branches in three parts, one eastward flows, the other two flow northward and southward along the Subei and Zhejiang coast respectively. The Changjiang diluted water expands eastward off the mouth, and forms a strong salinity front near the mouth. Surface circulation in autumn is similar to that in winter, the runoff southward flows along the coast, and the northward flowing TWC becomes weaker compared to that in spring and summer. The bottom circulations in May and November are mainly the runoffnear the mouth and the TWC offthe mouth, and the runoff and TWC are greater in May than in November.

Damage mechanism of soil-rock mixture after freeze-thaw cycles

As a widely distributed geological and engineering material,the soil-rock mixture always undergoes frequentative and short-term freeze-thaw cycles in some regions.Its internal structure is destroyed seriously,but the damage mechanism is not clear.Based on the damage factor,the damage research of properties of soil-rock mixture after different times of freeze-thaw cycles is investigated.Firstly,the size-distributed subgrade gravelly soil samples are prepared and undergo different times of freeze-thaw cycles periodically(0,3,6,10),and indoor large-scale triaxial tests are completed.Secondly,the degradation degree of elastic modulus is considered as a damage factor,and applied to macro damage analysis of soil-rock mixture.Finally,the mesoscopic simulation of the experiments is achieved by PFC3D,and the influence on strength between soil-rock particles caused by freeze-thaw cycles is analyzed.The results show that freeze-thaw cycles cause internal damage of samples by weakening the strength between mesoscopic soil-rock particles,and ultimately affect the macro properties.After freeze-thaw cycles,on the macro-scale,elastic modulus and shear strength of soil-rock mixture both decrease,and the decreasing degree is related to the times of cycles with the mathmatical quadratic form;on the meso-scale,freeze-thaw cycles mainly cause the degradation of the strength between soil-rock particles whose properties are different significantly.

CPR1000机组乏燃料水池相关工艺系统安全改进研究

中国改进型三环路压水堆(CPR1000)核电机组在发生类似于日本福岛的核事故而长时间丧失电源以及冷却水的情况下,其乏燃料水池由于长时间缺乏应急冷却功能,乏燃料的安全性无法得到保障。从核安全纵深防御的角度出发,结合福岛核事故经验,依托确定论分析方法,确定了CPR1000核电机组乏燃料水池的事故工况组合,并给出了这些事故工况下的应对策略,提出适用的乏燃料水池补水、监测、排蒸汽等工艺改进方案,从而提高CPR1000核电机组乏燃料水池相关工艺系统的安全性和可靠性。

Effect of interferon and ribavirin combined with amantadine in interferon and ribavirin non-responder patients with chronic hepatitis C (genotype 1)

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of amantadine plus interferonalpha and ribavirin in non-responder patients with chronic hepatitis C.METHODS: Twenty-six non-responder patients received the regimen of IFN-α-2a at a dose of 6 million units three times a week, 1 000-1 200 mg of ribavirin daily, and 200 mg of amantadine daily in divided doses over 48 wk. After the end of treatment, at the 72nd wk, a sustained viral response rate was determined.RESULTS: An early (after 12 wk of therapy) response was seen in 34.6% (9/26) of patients. Response rate at the 24th wk was 42.3% (11/26). End of treatment response (ETR) was 53.8% (14/26). Sustained viral response (SVR) was 42.3% (11/26). There was a statistically significant difference between 0 and 12 wk (P = 0.04), 0 and 24 wk (P = 0.01), 0 and 48 wk (P = 0.00), and 0 and 72 wk (P = 0.001). No patient had severe adverse effects during the treatment.CONCLUSION: Combination regimen of interferon-α,ribavirin and amantadine can enhance sustained viral response on IFN-α and ribavirin non-responder patients with HCV. Triple therapy with amantadine should be evaluated in further studies.

3D Simulation of Two-bar Warp-knitted Structures

In this study, 3D computer modeling of simple warp-knitted structures is achieved based on 3D model of warp-knitted loops. Firstly, according to the studying on the geometric structure of warp-knitted loops, Goktepe＇s 3D solid yarn model is developed, and the dimensions of the warp-knitted loops are obtained; then 3D models of stitch defined by eleven given points and in-lay defined by five given points are built with the method of Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline （NURBS） curves and surfaces. Secondly, according to the chain notations of warp-knitted structures, the loop＇s shape can be decided, and with the 3D models the loops can be connected freely and smoothly in some special warp-knitted structures, such as miss-lapping and two- course in-lay. At last, with the tools of Visual C ＋＋ and OpenGL, computer 3D simulation of two-bar warp-knitted fabrics is successfully realized, taking the factor of fabric light and materials into 3D structural model.

CPR1000联合水泵房就地控制系统设计方案改进研究

联合水泵房作为核电厂的重要子项,承担着将核电厂收集的热负荷输送到最终热阱的重要功能。本文以岭澳核电站二期工程中联合水泵房就地控制系统设计方案为例,分析了系统的组成、功能、特点及其在实现过程中存在的优缺点,提出了在中国改进型三环路压水堆(CPR1000)新项目中的改进方案,并对改进方案在工程实施中的优势进行了分析研究。

借助“三环节八课型”推进名著的整本书阅读——以 《海底两万里》为例的整本书阅读教学初探

第一个倡导“整本书阅读”理念的是我国教育家叶圣陶先生。近年来,《义务教育语文课程标准(2022年 版)》把整本书阅读放在了学校语文教学的重要地位上,以指导中小学生多读书,读好书,并认真读整本书,以 培养中小学生的语文核心素养,让阅读成为中小学生的一种习惯,让中小学生真正体会到阅读的快乐。

Quality Management Model Embodying Circular Economy and Sustainable Manufacture - Quality Concept Models Based on a Chinese Traditional Cultural Principle

Based on circular economy and sustainable manufacture theories, the drawbacks in the existing quality management models are analyzed. The requests that satisfy the big system 'environment-society-economy' are summarized to build up a model. A Chinese traditional cultural principle is applied and the relevant contents are sublimated as the platform to set up the model. The new quality management concept models are put forward: 'T-D-R' three dimension structures and 'ecological quality loop' model, from which the new quality concepts are formed. The paper elaborates the contents and the process of setting up the models. The big system quality problems can be handled by the new quality concept and model that are validated in practice.

CPR1000核电厂循环水泵跳泵保护方案改造研究

中国改进型三环路压水堆(CPR1000)核电厂循环水系统设置了泵、电机、齿轮箱的轴承温度、润滑油压力、电机泄漏探测等的单测点跳泵逻辑,这些单点跳泵信号增加了误跳循环水泵的风险,严重影响了机组的稳定运行。推荐了5种可行的跳泵保护改造方案,并对各类改造方案进行了优缺点分析研究,电厂可根据保护信号的实际设置情况选择合适的跳泵保护方案,以减少保护误动作,提高机组可用率和经济性。

Three-Dimensional Structure of Optimal Nonlinear Excitation for Decadal Variability of the Thermohaline Circulation

The decadal variability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation(THC) is investigated within a three-dimensional ocean circulation model using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation method. The results show that the optimal initial perturbations of temperature and salinity exciting the strongest decadal THC variations have similar structures: the perturbations are mainly in the northwestern basin at a depth ranging from 1500 to 3000 m. These temperature and salinity perturbations act as the optimal precursors for future modifications of the THC, highlighting the importance of observations in the northwestern basin to monitor the variations of temperature and salinity at depth. The decadal THC variation in the nonlinear model initialized by the optimal salinity perturbations is much stronger than that caused by the optimal temperature perturbations, indicating that salinity variations might play a relatively important role in exciting the decadal THC variability. Moreover, the decadal THC variations in the tangent linear and nonlinear models show remarkably different characteristics, suggesting the importance of nonlinear processes in the decadal variability of the THC.

Constitutive Model of Saturated Soft Clay with Cyclic Loads under Unconsolidated Undrained Condition

An equivalent visco-elastic model of saturated soft clay was studied under unconsolidated undrained (UU) condition, which can be used to evaluate the stability of ocean foundation. Cyclic triaxial compression and extension tests were conducted to study the parameters of the model. Results showed that the relationships of the damping ratio and the octahedral shear modulus with the octahedral cyclic shear strain were nearly unique, when the initial octahedral shear stress ratios of specimens were equal to 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7. The relationships of the damping ratio and the octahedral shear modulus with the octahedral cyclic shear strain determined from the cyclic triaxial compression tests were basically the same as those determined from the cyclic triaxial extension tests. Furthermore, the relationships were not related to the initial stress condition, the test stress state and the octahedral cyclic shear stress ratio. The relationships determined from the cyclic triaxial tests under no deviatoric stress were basically the same as those determined from the cyclic triaxial tests under deviatoric stress. The change of the octahedral cyclic accumulative strain with the number of cycles was unique under different tests stress states. An equivalent visco-elastic constitutive model of saturated soft clay under UU condition was initially established.

Effect of Environment on Photo-detachment Dynamics of Halide Ions： A Model Approach

A two dimensional model approach for the photodetachment dynamics of closed shell an-ionic systems in presence of external light field have been proposed in the context of polar environmental media. The effects of strong coupling between the solvent polarization and the extra charge in the system were studied by a simple model. The electronic states of con-cerned halide ions are represented by a two dimensional model Hamiltonian with a potential V（x,y）=-V0e^-σ（x^2＋y^2）. The time dependent Fourier grid Hamiltonian method have been used to follow the detachment process with fairly high intensities of light. The environmental effects on the dynamics are sought to be modeled by two different ways. The first one was the presence of polar solvents which perturb the energy levels of anionic systems by changing the effective potential surface and the second one was allowing the fluctuation of the well depth randomly to mimic the system in a more realistic view point. The average detachment rate constant is calculated as a function of important parameters of the used light field to explain the effects of solvent field on the dynamical behavior of dipole bound anionic system at least in a qualitative way.