无意识设计系统方法的类型补充及方法细分

深泽直人提出的无意识设计方法,因其在设计实践中具有文本表意有效性的显著优势,在日本设计界被广泛运用。在《设计的生态学》一书中,深泽直人将无意识设计分为两大基础类型:“客观写生”强调产品系统内两种新符号规约的生成及其意义的传递;“重层性”侧重外部事物与产品之间相互的修辞解释。由于两大基础类型分类方式过于笼统,以使用者与产品间的三类环境所对应的四种符号来源为路径,对无意识设计进行类型的补充及方法的细分,分为三大类型、六种设计方法。无意识设计的典型结构主义特征表现在,文本表意与编写皆围绕四种符号规约展开,四种符号规约覆盖了使用者对产品三种认知方式的全域,且它们在来源上具有“先验”与“既有”的特征,这些保证了文本意义的精准与有效传递。因此,对无意识设计类型补充与方法细分,也是对结构主义产品文本表意有效性的方法总结,使之成为指导设计实践行之有效的系统化工具。

Glutathione S-transferase(GST) gene expression profiles in two marine bivalves exposed to BDE-47 and their potential molecular mechanisms

Glutathione S-transferases （GSTs） are phase II enzymes that facilitate the detoxification of xenobioties and play important roles in antioxidant defense. We investigated the expression patterns of seven Venerupis philippinarum GSTs （VpGSTs） and four Mytilus galloprovincialis GSTs （MgGSTs） following exposure to BDE-47. Differential expressions of the seven VpGSTs and four MgGSTs transcripts were observed, with differences between the hepatopancreas and gills. Among these GSTs, the sigma classes （VpGSTS1, VpGSTS2, VpGSTS3, MgGST1, and MgGST3） were highly expressed in response to BDE-47 exposure, demonstrating their potential as molecular biomarkers for environmental biomonitoring studies. We obtained the three-dimensional crystal structures of VpGSTs and MgGSTs by homologous modeling. A model to elucidate the binding interactions between the ligands and receptors was defined by molecular docking, Hydrophobic and n were the most often observed interactions between BDE-47 and the GSTs.

探讨中药的保存方法

近年来,随着人们思想意识的不断提升,中医中药越来越被人们推崇。中药多为植物,部分中药为矿物质和动物,因此中药储存是个非常复杂、精细的工作。中药房管理人员要根据中药的性质对其进行合理的储存,保证中药的质量。