基于准三维冰形算法的结冰预测技术及应用研究

机翼结冰是威胁民用飞机飞行安全的主要因素之一,准确预测机翼的结冰过程和特点,可为防除冰设计提供依据和支撑。提出了利用二维模拟三维的准三维冰形算法,该算法在保证结冰预测精度的同时,极大地降低了型号结冰计算成本;给出了顺气流和垂直于前缘两种典型民用飞机后掠翼机翼的二维剖面截取方法,并将采用该方法的计算结果与三维后掠机翼的结冰预测结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,相对于顺气流方式,垂直于前缘方式的准三维冰形算法与三维后掠机翼的结果更为接近。

大型结冰风洞冰形在线测量系统研制与应用

针对大型结冰风洞试验中结冰生长过程三维冰形连续测量需求,研制了基于激光线扫描成像的冰形在线测量系统,并在中国空气动力研究与发展中心3 m×2 m结冰风洞某型飞机机翼模型结冰试验中得到了实际应用。基于三维标定装置,对系统扫描测量过程中的所有激光平面进行了快速标定,获得了相机参数和激光平面参数。为实现复杂结冰表面激光线的精确提取,将Steger方法与梯度重心法进行了有效结合,实现了激光线亚像素的精确提取,结合标定结果,解算激光线空间三维坐标,进而重建得到结冰冰形整体三维形貌。试验结果表明,冰形在线测量系统重复测量精度仅为0.18 mm,可有效获取不同云雾环境下模型前缘霜冰、明冰以及混合冰生长过程在不同时刻的三维冰形。与商用三维扫描仪的测量结果相比,两者结果吻合良好,整体标准偏差为0.5 mm。

三维冰形激光测量技术在结冰风洞中的应用

介绍了ROMER绝对关节臂测量仪在结冰风洞中测量冰形三维结构的原理,提出了一种模型-冰形快速重构方法,通过风洞试验获得了典型的霜冰、粗糙冰和羊角冰,使用ROMER绝对关节臂测量仪对积冰三维形貌进行了测量,获得了模型表面的积冰三维数据。结果表明:霜冰三维结果与实际冰形结果高度一致,可以准确地测量出积冰细节特征;三维扫描可以测量出热刀法无法获取的粗糙冰结果;与热刀法获取的羊角冰二维轮廓相比,三维冰形结果在同一剖面的冰形轮廓的结冰范围和冰角高度基本一致,平均冰形厚度偏差约2.5 mm。

基于偏振成像的复杂反射率冰形三维测量

飞机机翼结冰是飞行安全的重要隐患,防冰除冰研究对于飞行器动力性能评估、安全评估等有着非常重要的意义,而准确地测量结冰外形是研究机翼结冰的基础。不同于普通物体,冰体具有复杂的反射率,冰面杂散光较为严重,传统方法难以精确提取冰面的中心线。为此,提出了一种基于偏振成像技术的复杂反射率冰形测量方法,利用偏振特性解决冰面杂散光的问题。将偏振相机捕获的原始图像分离并插值,逐像素筛选最大特征值及其特征向量,融合为最优的偏振信息,并基于Steger算法提取激光中心线,实现冰形三维重建。实验结果表明,对平板形冰面测量误差的标准差为0.1237 mm,所提方法能够有效地重建出具有复杂反射率的冰形三维形貌。

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of glacial trough forming process

The glacial trough is a common glacier erosion landscape, which plays an important role in the study of glacier erosion processes. In a sharp contrast with the developing river, which is generally meandering, the developing glacial trough is usually wide and straight. Is the straightness of the glacial trough just the special phenomenon of some areas or a universal feature? What controls the straightness of the glacial trough? Until now, these issues have not been studied yet. In this paper, we conduct systematic numerical models of the glacier erosion and simulate the erosion evolution process of the glacial trough. Numerical simulations show that:(1) while the meandering glacier is eroding deeper to form the U-shaped cross section, the glacier is eroding laterally. The erosion rate of the ice-facing slope is bigger than that of the back-slope.(2) The smaller(bigger) the slope is, the smaller(bigger) the glacier erosion intensity is.(3) The smaller(bigger) the ice discharge is, the smaller(bigger) the glacier erosion intensity is. In the glacier erosion process, the erosion rate of the ice-facing slope is always greater than that of the back-slope. Therefore, the glacial trough always develops into more straight form. This paper comes to the conclusion that the shape evolution of the glacial trough is controlled mainly by the erosion mechanism of the glacier. Thereby, the glacial trough prefers straight geometry.