平移型点坝形成机理与沉积特征

作为曲流河沉积中主要结构单元,平移型点坝(Translational point bar)的研究还相对滞后。通过文献调研和现代沉积观察对平移型点坝的成因机理及沉积特征进行了总结。研究表明,低位时期的下切谷及同沉积断层限制条件是平移型点坝发育的基础。根据平面形态变化,平移型点坝可划分为点坝主体和点坝尾部两部分。点坝主体以粗粒沉积为主,且在顺水流方向上沉积物保存程度增大、粒度逐渐减小;当水流以不同角度冲击外岸时,会形成两种不同模式的点坝尾部沉积,即以细粒沉积为主的反向点坝沉积(Counter-point-bar deposits)和以粗粒沉积为主的涡流堆积(Eddy-accretion deposit)。最后,通过三维岩相模型,平移型点坝内泥质侧积层的分布范围和砂体厚度的差异性进一步明确,点坝主体部分的砂体具有连通性好、砂体厚度大的特征,而点坝尾部砂体连通性较差、砂体厚度较薄。

Oil-gas reservoir lithofacies stochastic modeling based on one- to three-dimensional Markov chains

Stochastic modeling techniques have been widely applied to oil-gas reservoir lithofacies. Markov chain simulation~ however~ is still under development~ mainly because of the difficulties in reasonably defining conditional probabilities for multi-dimensional Markov chains and determining transition probabilities for horizontal strike and dip directions. The aim of this work is to solve these problems. Firstly~ the calculation formulae of conditional probabilities for multi-dimensional Markov chain models are proposed under the full independence and conditional independence assumptions. It is noted that multi-dimensional Markov models based on the conditional independence assumption are reasonable because these models avoid the small-class underestimation problem. Then~ the methods for determining transition probabilities are given. The vertical transition probabilities are obtained by computing the transition frequencies from drilling data~ while the horizontal transition probabilities are estimated by using well data and the elongation ratios according to Walther＇s law. Finally~ these models are used to simulate the reservoir lithofacies distribution of Tahe oilfield in China. The results show that the conditional independence method performs better than the full independence counterpart in maintaining the true percentage composition and reproducing lithofacies spatial features.