结合激光雷达和三维性状分析的田间小麦产量分级研究

[目的]田间产量分级研究对小麦(Triticum aestivum)育种、栽培和农业生产均具有重要意义。本研究旨在通过激光雷达对小麦冠层性状进行表型采集和动态监测,基于三维性状为田间产量分级提供分型依据。[方法]基于背包式激光雷达采集的三维点云开发了大田点云矫正、精准小区点云分割、修正和提取冠层区域点云等三维表型性状分析流程;在各关键生育时期对486个小区提取冠层性状,如作物高度、冠层覆盖度、三维冠层表面积和三维冠层指数(3DCI)。[结果]通过算法流程获取的冠层性状与人工统计数据进行线性回归分析,计算决定系数R^(2)(P<0.001,n=486小区),包括作物高度(R^(2)=0.866 0,RMSE=5.66 cm)、冠层覆盖度(R^(2)=0.899 3,RMSE=0.057 4)、三维冠层表面积(R^(2)=0.836 4,RMSE=0.170 3)、3DCI(R^(2)=0.769 5,RMSE=0.265 5)等,验证了算法的可靠性。再通过人工产量数据确定灌浆期为产量分级的关键时期,进而完成了基于性状的聚类分析、产量分级和品种分类。[结论]本研究提出的算法能有效提取小区尺度的冠层性状,以此对不同小麦品种的产量和高产表型分类,为育种栽培和农业生产中产量分级研究提供了可靠的表型依据和解析技术。

软土地基基坑开挖的三维性状分析

本文用有限单元法分析了基坑开挖的三维性状，探讨了基坑围护结构变形、地面沉降及土压力分布规律，并与二维分析结果进行了对比分析，得出了一些有益的结论，供工程实践参考．

基于运动恢复结构的玉米植株三维重建与性状提取

针对传统的玉米植株性状测量方法存在主观性强、劳动强度大、有损伤等问题,提出了基于运动恢复结构(Structure from motion,SfM)的户外玉米植株三维重建方法,并提取了株高、单株最小包围盒体积、茎粗、叶面积、叶片数、叶夹角等11个性状参数。采用前期研制的小车,在户外采集不同视角下的玉米植株图像(采集间距为5~6 cm),基于SfM算法获取玉米植株三维点云;运用直通滤波、圆柱拟合和条件欧氏聚类算法自动分割单株、茎秆和叶片等点云数据,基于距离最值遍历、三角面片化等算法实现株高、茎粗、叶面积等11个性状的准确、无损测量。结果表明,与人工测量值相比,测得的株高、茎粗和叶面积的平均绝对百分比误差分别为3.163%、4.760%和19.102%,均方根误差分别为3.557 cm、1.540 mm、48.163 cm2,决定系数分别为0.970、0.842、0.901。研究表明,本文方法适用于作物表型户外测量,为表型研究提供了一种新的作物表型户外测量方法,同时还证明,株高和单株最小包围盒体积可以显著区分低地上部生物量玉米植株和高地上部生物量玉米植株。

Part-level 3-D object classification with improved interpretation tree

For classifying unknown 3-D objects into a set of predetermined object classes, a part-level object classification method based on the improved interpretation tree is presented. The part-level representation is implemented, which enables a more compact shape description of 3-D objects. The proposed classification method consists of two key processing stages： the improved constrained search on an interpretation tree and the following shape similarity measure computation. By the classification method, both whole match and partial match with shape similarity ranks are achieved; especially, focus match can be accomplished, where different key parts may be labeled and all the matched models containing corresponding key parts may be obtained. A series of experiments show the effectiveness of the presented 3-D object classification method.

3D graphical visualization of the genetic architectures underlying complex traits in multiple environments

An approach for generating interactive 3D graphical visualization of the genetic architectures of complex traits in multiple environments is described. 3D graphical visualization is utilized for making improvements on traditional plots in quan- titative trait locus (QTL) mapping analysis. Interactive 3D graphical visualization for abstract expression of QTL, epistasis and their environmental interactions for experimental populations was developed in framework of user-friendly software QTLNetwork (http://ibi.zju.edu.cn/software/qtlnetwork). Novel definition of graphical meta system and computation of virtual coordinates are used to achieve explicit but meaningful visualization. Interactive 3D graphical visualization for QTL analysis provides geneticists and breeders a powerful and easy-to-use tool to analyze and publish their research results.

Filling Simulation of Three-dimension Braided Composite in Resin Transfer Molding

This paper measured permeability of three-dimension braided preform by radial technology. The results show that principal permeability tensor coincided with their braiding axial direction. The software of one dimensional flow filling mold was designed using Visual C++ language. Filling time is predicted and validated. The result showed that the filling time of the mold centerline agrees with the prediction value. The filling time of the mould edge is shorter than that of the prediction. An actual plate of 3D braided preform/ modified polyarylacetylene composite is produced according to prediction value and validation analysis.

Analysis of the mechanic characteristics of the damage propagation of rock under triaxial stress condition

The advanced computerized tomography is applied to study the damage propagation of rock. The real time CT scanning is carried out to the damage propagation of rock under triaxial stress condition. The damage propagation constitutive relation of rock under triaxial stress condition is analyzed at last.

Microstructures and properties of Cu/Ag(Invar) composites fabricated by powder metallurgy

The Ag(Invar)composite powder prepared by ball milling was used to fabricate the Cu/Ag(Invar)composites.Microstructures and properties of the composites were studied after sintering and thermo-mechanical treatment.The results indicatethat during ball milling,micro-forging weld and work-hardening fracture result in that the average particle size of the Ag(Invar)powder increases rapidly at first,and then decreases sharply,finally tends to be constant.Compared with the Cu/Invar ones,thesinterability of the composites is greatly improved,resulting in that the pores in them are smaller in amount and size.After thethermo-mechanical treatment,the Cu/Ag(Invar)composites are nearly fully dense with the optimum phase composition and elementdistribution.More importantly,Cu and the Invar alloy in the composites distribute continuously in a three-dimensional(3D)networkstructure.Cu/Invar interface diffusion is effectively inhibited by the Ag barrier layer,leading to a great improvement of themechanical and thermal properties of the Cu/Ag(Invar)composites.

Performance Enhancement of a Pump Impeller Using Optimal Design Method

This paper presents the performance evaluation of a regenerative pump to increase its efficiency using optimal design method. Two design parameters which define the shape of the pump impeller, are introduced and analyzed. Pump performance is evaluated by numerical simulation and design of experiments(DOE). To analyze three-dimensional flow field in the pump, general analysis code, CFX, is used in the present work. Shear stress turbulence model is employed to estimate the eddy viscosity. Experimental apparatus with an open-loop facility is set up for measuring the pump performance. Pump performance, efficiency and pressure, obtained from numerical simulation are validated by comparison with the results of experiments. Throughout the shape optimization of the pump impeller at the operating flow condition, the pump efficiency is successfully increased by 3 percent compared to the reference pump. It is noted that the pressure increase of the optimum pump is mainly caused by higher momentum force generated inside blade passage due to the optimal blade shape. Comparisons of pump internal flow on the reference and optimum pump are also investigated and discussed in detail.

A novel stiffness prediction method with constructed microscopic displacement field for periodic beam-like structures

This paper presents a novel stiffness prediction method for periodic beam-like structures based on the two-scale equivalence at different strain states.The macroscopic fields are achieved within the framework of Timoshenko beam theory,while the microscopic fields are obtained by the newly constructed displacement form within the framework of three-dimensional(3D)elasticity theory.The new displacement form draws lessons from that in the asymptotic homogenization method(AHM),but the present field governing equations or boundary conditions for the first two order influence functions are constructed and very different from the way they were defined in the AHM.The constructed displacement form,composed of one homogenized and two warping terms,can accurately describe the deformation mode of beam-like structures.Then,with the new displacement form,the effective stiffness is achieved by the equivalence principle of macro-and microscopic fields.The finite element formulations of the proposed method are presented,which are easy to implement.Numerical examples validate that the present method can well predict both diagonal and coupling stiffness of periodic composite beams.