公共部门机关行政成本战略性治理的三维理性逻辑

公共部门机关行政行为作为公共行政的内在构成,需要以公共行政的价值要求来定义自身。机关行政成本治理需要以超越机关部门和机关行政行为的限制,以系统性、前瞻性的战略观念,寻求治理的整体性方案。机关行政作为一种理性行为的表达,内含着价值理性、事实理性与工具理性。机关行政成本的战略性治理模式需要在三种理性相结合的三维理性范式引导下进行。价值理性在事实理性的运用中得以外显,在工具理性的实践中获取支撑,这是机关行政成本战略性治理理性诉求的实现过程。

论公共行政战略的理性精神——一种三维理性范式观

公共行政战略无论在静态的文本意义上,还是在动态的行为意义上,都需要一种朝向公共利益这一终极价值的精神。而这一精神的实现需要一种理性的支持与规约。公共行政战略的理性精神是公共行政组织及人员在行政战略的价值定位、问题认知、工具选择等方面权衡、取舍的思维与行为范式。它是公共行政战略活动的价值意义、运营哲学和行为准则的整体概括。价值理性不断通过事实理性外显化、通过工具理性加以实践的过程就是公共行政战略理性精神的实现过程。虽然,公共行政战略的理性基础是一种历史的发展,但其只有以融合"价值—工具—事实"的三维理性为基础,才能真正彰显其精神内在。

论中国特色现代大学制度完善之路的三维理性指向

通过哲学理性蠡测,"完善中国特色现代大学制度"的命题蕴含着以"特色"为趣旨的多样化理性指向、以"现代"为意旨的价值理性指向、以"完善"为要旨的目标理性指向的三维理性指向。各偏其重、各显其意的三维理性指向共同形成当前中国特色现代大学诉求用意深远、运思周密、逻辑鲜明的铿锵论证。

公共行政理性范式之嬗变与取向——一种三维理性范式倡导

公共行政伦理精神的实现需要一种理性规约。公共行政范式的转换所隐含的是一种理性范式的选择,并主要表现为价值—工具;事实—价值;工具—事实的二维螺旋式发展,且重心往往偏向于一端。然而,公共行政的精神需要价值—事实—工具三种理性的融合来实现,任何的偏颇都会使公共行政研究与实践的合法性遭受质疑。只有将价值—工具—事实相融合的三维理性范式,才能使公共行政理论与实践避免理想主义、实用主义、功利主义的片面性,走出盲动、空想、自负的迷局。

对“理性三维论”的批判——从《新教伦理与资本主义精神》谈起

韦伯在其代表著作《新教伦理与资本主义精神》中的研究核心在于理性及其发展不同类型,其构成是价值理性和工具理性;而有的学者提出了第三种理性即行为理性,实际上是构建了"理性三维论"。笔者认为,"理性三维论"没有弄清价值理性、工具理性的划分依据以及异化原因,只是将工具理性的异化作为价值理性回归的前提加以肯定。笔者进而提出价值理性与工具理性异化的原因有以下两点:一是价值理性与工具理性本身的性质决定的,二是人们对二者的错误认识所引发的,而重新构建新理性精神可以为弥补价值性与工具理性的断裂和异化。

三维针刺C/SiC刹车材料的热物理性能

通过化学气相渗透(CVI)法结合反应熔体浸渗(RMI)法制备了三维针刺C/SiC刹车材料,系统研究了三维针刺C/SiC刹车材料的热物理性能。结果表明:C/SiC刹车材料的热膨胀系数随温度升高总体呈增大趋势,但呈规律性波动;在相同温度下,垂直于摩擦面方向的热膨胀系数远大于平行方向的。从室温至1300℃,平行和垂直于摩擦面方向的平均热膨胀系数分别为1.75×10-6K-1和4.41×10-6K-1;C/SiC刹车材料的比定压热容随温度的升高而增大,但增大速率逐渐减小。温度从100℃升到1400℃,其比定压热容从1.41 J/(g.K)增大到1.92 J/(g.K);C/SiC刹车材料的热扩散率随温度的升高而降低,并趋于常量。平行于摩擦面方向的热扩散率明显大于垂直于摩擦面方向的热扩散率。

Stable response of axisymmetric two-phase water-saturated soil

Biot's dynamic consolidation equations and Hankel transform were used to derive the integral solutions of stress and displacement for axisymmetric harmonic excitations in the two-phase saturated soil with subjacent rock-stratum. The influence of the coefficient of permeability and loading frequency on the soil displacement at the ground surface were studied. The results showed that higher loading frequency led to more dynamic characteristics; and that the effect of the soil permeability was more obvious at higher frequencies.

Reliability analysis of supporting pressure in tunnels based on three-dimensional failure mechanism

Based on nonlinear failure criterion,a three-dimensional failure mechanism of the possible collapse of deep tunnel is presented with limit analysis theory.Support pressure is taken into consideration in the virtual work equation performed under the upper bound theorem.It is necessary to point out that the properties of surrounding rock mass plays a vital role in the shape of collapsing rock mass.The first order reliability method and Monte Carlo simulation method are then employed to analyze the stability of presented mechanism.Different rock parameters are considered random variables to value the corresponding reliability index with an increasing applied support pressure.The reliability indexes calculated by two methods are in good agreement.Sensitivity analysis was performed and the influence of coefficient variation of rock parameters was discussed.It is shown that the tensile strength plays a much more important role in reliability index than dimensionless parameter,and that small changes occurring in the coefficient of variation would make great influence of reliability index.Thus,significant attention should be paid to the properties of surrounding rock mass and the applied support pressure to maintain the stability of tunnel can be determined for a given reliability index.

Failure mechanism and stability analysis of the Zhenggang landslide in Yunnan Province of China using 3D particle flow code simulation

Based on the principle of 3D particle flow code,a numerical landslide run-out model is presented to simulate the failure process of the Zhenggang landslide(in southwestern China) under the effect of water after a rainfall.The relationship between the micro-mechanical parameters and the macro-shear strength of the grain material is determined through numerical calibrations.Then the rainfall effect is considered in numerical simulations and rain-induced sliding processes are performed,which help us to discuss the mechanism of deformation and failure of this landslide together with field observations.It shows the Zhenggang landslide would most likely be activated in Zone I and would gain momentum in Zone II.In order to prevent the potential disaster,a tailing dam is advised to be designed about 175 m downstream from the current landslide boundary of Zone II.Verified by field observations,the presented landslide model can reflect the failure mechanism after rainfall.It can also provide a method to predict the potential disaster and draft disaster prevention measures.

Microstructures and properties of Cu/Ag(Invar) composites fabricated by powder metallurgy

The Ag(Invar)composite powder prepared by ball milling was used to fabricate the Cu/Ag(Invar)composites.Microstructures and properties of the composites were studied after sintering and thermo-mechanical treatment.The results indicatethat during ball milling,micro-forging weld and work-hardening fracture result in that the average particle size of the Ag(Invar)powder increases rapidly at first,and then decreases sharply,finally tends to be constant.Compared with the Cu/Invar ones,thesinterability of the composites is greatly improved,resulting in that the pores in them are smaller in amount and size.After thethermo-mechanical treatment,the Cu/Ag(Invar)composites are nearly fully dense with the optimum phase composition and elementdistribution.More importantly,Cu and the Invar alloy in the composites distribute continuously in a three-dimensional(3D)networkstructure.Cu/Invar interface diffusion is effectively inhibited by the Ag barrier layer,leading to a great improvement of themechanical and thermal properties of the Cu/Ag(Invar)composites.

Engagement and Commitment Among Teachers Working in Subsidized Secondary Education in Catalonia

This paper discusses the notion of commitment--a construct used in the psychology of work--and engagement, as hypothetically opposed to the concept of burnout used in the paradigm of positive psychology. The aim of this study is to analyze engagement in a group of 132 high school teachers from various schools in the private sector and identify its relationship with the commitment variable. The results of the work of this group in three dimensions are presented in this study： vigor, dedication, and absorption; the correlation data are also presented with organizational commitment in three dimensions： affective, normative and temporal （or continuity）. With these results the aim is to find predictive evidence among teachers who score significantly in the three dimensions of engagement and the three dimensions of commitment.

Ant Colony Optimization for Task Allocation in Multi-Agent Systems

Task allocation is a key issue of agent cooperation mechanism in Multi-Agent Systems. The important features of an agent system such as the latency of the network infrastructure, dynamic topology, and node heterogeneity impose new challenges on the task allocation in Multi-Agent environments. Based on the traditional parallel computing task allocation method and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), a novel task allocation method named Collection Path Ant Colony Optimization (CPACO) is proposed to achieve global optimization and reduce processing time. The existing problems of ACO are analyzed; CPACO overcomes such problems by modifying the heuristic function and the update strategy in the Ant-Cycle Model and establishing a threedimensional path pheromone storage space. The experimental results show that CPACO consumed only 10.3% of the time taken by the Global Search Algorithm and exhibited better performance than the Forward Optimal Heuristic Algorithm.

A novel stiffness prediction method with constructed microscopic displacement field for periodic beam-like structures

This paper presents a novel stiffness prediction method for periodic beam-like structures based on the two-scale equivalence at different strain states.The macroscopic fields are achieved within the framework of Timoshenko beam theory,while the microscopic fields are obtained by the newly constructed displacement form within the framework of three-dimensional(3D)elasticity theory.The new displacement form draws lessons from that in the asymptotic homogenization method(AHM),but the present field governing equations or boundary conditions for the first two order influence functions are constructed and very different from the way they were defined in the AHM.The constructed displacement form,composed of one homogenized and two warping terms,can accurately describe the deformation mode of beam-like structures.Then,with the new displacement form,the effective stiffness is achieved by the equivalence principle of macro-and microscopic fields.The finite element formulations of the proposed method are presented,which are easy to implement.Numerical examples validate that the present method can well predict both diagonal and coupling stiffness of periodic composite beams.

Blowup mechanism for viscous compressible heat-conductive magnetohydrodynamic flows in three dimensions

We investigate initial-boundary-value problem for three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） system of compressible viscous heat-conductive flows and the three-dimensional full compressible Navier-Stokes equations. We establish a blowup criterion only in terms of the derivative of velocity field, similar to the Beale^Kato-Majda type criterion for compressible viscous barotropic flows by Huang et al. （2011）. The results indicate that the nature of the blowup for compressible MHD models of viscous media is similar to the barotropic compressible Navier-Stokes equations and does not depend on further sophistication of the MHD model, in particular, it is independent of the temperature and magnetic field. It also reveals that the deformation tensor of the velocity field plays a more dominant role than the electromagnetic field and the temperature in regularity theory. Especially, the similar results also hold for compressible viscous heat-conductive Navier-Stokes flows, which extend the results established by Fan et al. （2010）, and I-Iuang and Li （2009）. In addition, the viscous coefficients are only restricted by the physical conditions in this paper.

[C(NH)]PO·2HO: A new metal-free ultraviolet nonlinear optical phosphate with large birefringence and second-harmonic generation response

[PO_(4)]3-possesses small microscopic secondorder susceptibility and polarizability anisotropy,which inherently result in weak second-harmonic generation (SHG)and small birefringence.Herein,a new noncentrosymmetric phosphate,[C(NH_(2))3]3PO_(4)·2H_(2)O,was successfully designed and synthesized by a solution evaporation method.[C(NH_(2))3]3PO_(4)·2H_(2)O without metal ions is composed of planar conjugated guanidine cations and PO_(4)tetrahedrons,which are connected by hydrogen bonds,forming a three-dimensional network.Physical property measurements indicate that the title compound displays an SHG response of 1.5×KH_(2)PO_(4)(KDP) and a larger birefringence (0.055@546.1 nm)compared with most reported ultraviolet nonlinear optical phosphates.Furthermore,first-principles calculations reveal that theπ-conjugated planar[C(NH_(2))3]+cations and[PO_(4)]3-groups are responsible for its excellent linear and NLOproperties.