全视野三维计量法

将３０°～９０°周边视野球面分区、命名，确定了６种不同大小球面区立体角常数值；同时将视岛高从２５ｄＢ阈上值开始，以５ｄＢ级差分成５级，以测量５种不同阈值水平周边视野的立体角。加上作者原提出的中心３０°视野总灰度值体积计量法，构成了全视野三维计量法。

油轮快速设计与计量的智能化三维仿真开发系统的研究

针对油轮设计中容积计量的问题,从基于数据库的知识获取的角度对快速进行油轮容积数据的获取进行了研究,提出了三维计量的概念和在实际应用中的表现方式。采用面向对象的知识表达方法,利用Oracle数据库与UG三维造型软件相结合,研究开发了基于三维参数造型技术的支持油轮快速设计与计量的智能化三维仿真开发系统。系统由数据库知识系统模块和模型处理模块组成,可以自动生成油轮液舱的三维实体及相应的各倾角液体三维模型,大大缩短了设计检验周期。

对城镇绿化三维计量方法的探讨

对城镇绿化三维计量方法的探讨吴超英（黑龙江农垦九三城管局１６１４４１）城镇绿化是在城镇环境中，按照人们的意识有选择的种植和保留一定数量的绿色植物。它的第一目的，就是尽最大可能保护和改善城镇的生态环境，使之成为持续、稳定、有序、优化、高效的城镇生态环境...

铁路机车车辆计量检测技术的现状与未来

本文综合叙述了机车车辆工业计量的发展历史与现状，以及对国外计量检测技术的预测，分析了所面临的技术任务。

Dosimetric Evaluation of Three Dimensional Conformal and Conventional Treatment Plans of Early Untreated Carcinoma of Nasopharynx

Objective： Conventional external beam irradiation techniques for nasopharyngeal carcinoma have limitations, and improving external beam irradiation techniques is needed to enhance the curative rate. This study was designed to cvaluate the difference in dose distribution of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy （3D CRT） and conventional treatment plan in early untreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma using a three dimensional treatment planning system. Methods： Twenty-two patients with early untreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma were selected. Conventional and 3D CRT plans were made for each of them and compared with respect to target volume coverage （V95）,normal tissue sparing （D50, D33 and D5, etc）, normal tissue complication probability （NTCP）. Results： The average volumetric dose comparison indicated that the V95 of PTVnx70 were 98.22% and 99.99% （P=0.06）, and PTVnd60, 98.41% and 99.63% （P=1.00）, PTV,x60, 98.44% and 99.98% （P=0.03）, PTVnx50, 98.85% and 99.63% （P=0.02） in conventional and 3DCRT treatment plans respectively. With respect to normal tissue sparing, the average D50 of unilateral parotid glands were 51.91 Gy and 64.30 Gy （P=0.00） respectively, and the unilateral temporomandibular joints, 49.98 Gy and 64.47 Gy （P=0.00）, the Dlcc of spinal cords, 44.98 Gy and 48.09 Gy （P=0.00） in 3D CRT and conventional plans. Conclusion： Though only a little bit better dose coverage of target volume in subclinical lesion region was reached in 3D CRT plans, it spared more normal tissues e.g. parotid glands and temporomandibular joints etc and decreased their NTCP while it got the similar dose distribution in target volumes as conventional plans did for these early nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases.

Visible calculation of mining index based on stope 3D surveying and block modeling

Aimed at the CMS laser scanning theory and characteristic, a combined actual situation of stope N4-5 of Fankou Lead-Zinc Mine and complementary monitoring of the stope were carried out by carefully choos- ing two measuring points. The cavity 3D visible model was created by large-scale mining industry soft- ware Surpac after changing the measured data. The stope mine design model, bottom structural model and backfill model of the south and north sides of the stope N4-5 were established according to the stope design data. On this basis, the stope block model was established, and then block attribute was estimated. The amount the ore remains, mullock, backfill and total mined ore were calculated through the solid model restrains. Finally, the stope mining dilution rate and loss rate reached 8.2% and 1.47%, respectively. The practice indicates that the mining index visible calculation method based on cavity 3D monitoring and stope block modeling can make up the deficiency of adopting the solid model to directly carry out the Boolean operation, The stope mining indexes obtained by this method are accurate and reliable, and can be used to guide the actual nroduction management and estimate the mining aualitv.

Model-based optical metrology and visualization of 3-D complex objects

This letter addresses several key issues in the process of model-based optical metrology, including three dimensional (3D) sensing, calibration, registration and fusion of range images, geometric representation, and visualization of reconstructed 3D model by taking into account the shape measurement of 3D complex structures,and some experimental results are presented.

A framework for quantifying properties of 3-dimensional movement-based signals

Understanding how signal properties are optimized for the reliable transmission of information requires accurate de- scription of the signal in time and space. For movement-based signals where movement is restricted to a single plane, measure- ments from a single viewpoint can be used to consider a range of viewing positions based on simple geometric calculations. However, considerations of signal properties from a range of viewing positions for movements extending into three-dimensions （3D） are more problematic. We present here a new framework that overcomes this limitation, and enables us to quantify the extent to which movement-based signals are view-specific. To illustrate its application, a Jacky lizard tail flick signal was filmed with synchronized cameras and the position of the tail tip digitized for both recordings. Camera aligmnent enabled tl^e construction of a 3D display action pattern profile. We analyzed the profile directly and used it to create a detailed 3D animation. In the virtual environment, we were able to film the same signal from multiple viewing positions and using a computational motion analysis algorithm （gradient detector model） to measure local image velocity in order to predict view dependent differences in signal properties. This approach will enable consideration of a range of questions concerning movement-based signal design and evolu- tion that were previously out of reach [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 327-336, 2010].

Ethnography of Women＇ s Perception of Their Workwear： Comparative Study between South Afi＇ica and Uganda

The study investigates women＇s perception of the workwear, and their awareness about how garment fit can affect one＇s body image. Drawing on the theory of practice, we propose an ethnographic account of women＇s perception of workwear and their preferred alternative. The study presents a comparative perspective of attitudes, and perceptions about the workwear of women in South Africa and Uganda explored through the habitus. We present pro-vocal recollections of women perceptions on the current workwear ideal for men which omits women＇ body physique. In particular, from the current personal protective equipment （PPE）, we examine ＂the overall＂ common attire at site and an integral part of the PPE. Overalls are designed following the men＇s physique, and women in work place are subjected to put them on yet, differences in body structure/shapes amongst women, namely, hour glass, bottom hourglass, spoon, and pear shape, are hardly considered. The identification of different female body shapes is made possible through the 3D anthropometric measurements using a Three Dimensional （3D） Body Scanner （TC2）. We develop endogenous explanations of what women would want to see as workwear based on the understanding of women found on site in men＇s workwear or without any work weal- in South Africa and Uganda. Using ethnographic design approach, we capture voices of 10 women from South Africa and Uganda through participant observation and unstructured interviews. We analyze data thematically to determine the patterns of their responses toward an appropriate workwear. Moreover, we （re）construct these responses into possible design models that would be ideal workwear for women, which gives them the pride, respect, dignity, and confidence as women.

Quantitative Estimation of Directional Permeability Barrier as Reservoir Heterogeneity A New Approach Using Synthetic Core

One of the major challenges in reservoir characterization is to estimate the effective porosity and the permeability of the reservoir due to reservoir heterogeneity. Often, the vertical and the horizontal permeabilities are not considered separately in 3D geo-cellular models and in the reservoir simulations. Conventional reservoir modeling extrapolates all of the small-scale data to full-field scale data without considering the impact of the small-scale geological details, and therefore carries forward inherent errors into the reservoir predictions as a consequence of ignoring the reservoir heterogeneity. Most reservoirs are geologically complex and heterogeneous and that greatly influences reservoir performance. A case study is taken from a CHOPS （cold heavy oil production with sands） field. An innovative method of reservoir heterogeneity estimation has been introduced to illustrate the complex reservoir heterogeneity honouring all of the small-scale geological details in the 3D geological model. This detailed near-wellbore modeling through a synthetic core can provide the realistic quantitative volumetric assumption of the production prediction and improve the EOR （enhanced oil recovery） processes.

Integrating artificial neural networks and geostatistics for optimum 3D geological block modeling in mineral reserve estimation:A case study

In this research, a method called ANNMG is presented to integrate Artificial Neural Networks and Geostatistics for optimum mineral reserve evaluation. The word ANNMG simply means Artificial Neural Network Model integrated with Geostatiscs, In this procedure, the Artificial Neural Network was trained, tested and validated using assay values obtained from exploratory drillholes. Next, the validated model was used to generalize mineral grades at known and unknown sampled locations inside the drilling region respectively. Finally, the reproduced and generalized assay values were combined and fed to geostatistics in order to develop a geological 3D block model. The regression analysis revealed that the predicted sample grades were in close proximity to the actual sample grades, The generalized grades from the ANNMG show that this process could be used to complement exploration activities thereby reducing drilling requirement. It could also be an effective mineral reserve evaluation method that could oroduce optimum block model for mine design.

Automatic pipes routing based on flow loss in electromechanical product

Based on flow loss, a new automatic pipe-routing algorithm is proposed for electromechanical product in 3D space, which consists of pre-processing and optimization search. Utilizing chaos theory, a chaos grid preprocessing model （CGPM） is established to efficiently pick up the solution space and reduce the search range in the pre-processing, which simplifies the optimization search. A modified particle swarm optimization （PSO） algorithm is presented to seek for an approximate optimal trajectory in the solution space in the optimization search based on standard PSO algorithm and migration characters of people. The comparison of experiments and analysis results shows that the modified PSO algorithm is capable of preventing prematurity effectively and searching for the optimal trajectory more efficiently. Theoretical analysis proves that the modified PSO algorithm converges at global optimum. The examples show that the automatic pipe-routing algorithm based on flow loss is effective and practical for eleetromechanieal product.

A Graphic Algorithm of＂Track＂ Effect in 3D Games

In 3D games, a lot of weapons in the movement will drag a ＂follow the shadow＂ effect, which is called the ＂track＂. In this paper, we first analyze the change rule of the ＂track＂, and then put forward a kind of algorithm to realize the ＂track＂. The calculation of this algorithm is small, but the effect is very real, has been successfully applied to a variety of 3D games.

Study on life-cycle risk management of high earth-rock dam project

Based on advanced computer technology, internet of things （lOT） technology, project management con- cept and professional technology and combined with the innovative theories, methods and techniques in earlier hy- dropower projects, the life-cycle risk management system of high earth-rock dam project for Nuozhadu project was developed. The system mainly includes digital dam, three-dimensional design, construction quality monito- ring, safety assessment and warning, etc, to integrally manage and analyze the dam design, constructional quality and safety monitoring information. It realized the dynamic updates of the comprehensive information and the safe- ty quality monitoring in the project life cycle, and provided the basic platform for the scientific management of the construction and operation safety of high earth-rock dam. Application in Nuozhadu earth-rock dam showed that construction safety monitoring and warning greatly helped accelerate the construction progress and improve project quality, and provided a new way for the quality safety control of high earth-rock dam.

Digital Analysis of the Water Layout Ecological Wisdom in Traditional Chinese Rural Settlements:A Case Study of Liukeng Village in Jiangxi Province

During the long-term construction and development process of eliminating water disasters and promoting water conservancy in traditional settlements,a set of mature strategies that have simple ecological wisdom in water layout have been formed by adapting to the natural water environment and utilizing the regional water system.This study conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the water layout strategies and their effects on Liukeng Village from three aspects:deciphering the water systematic pattern,calculating the spatial characteristics and quantifying the water environment,to explore the technical assistance and potential of water layout research in traditional rural settlements.The results indicated that Liukeng has an unambiguously systematic water layout pattern of source diversion,middle drainage and end purification of the water.Through 3D point cloud computing,it was shown that the site selection made accurate use of micro-topography and adopted the strategy of a multi-source water management.It formed an organic water system pattern,which provided sufficient water sources for all kinds of needs of Liukeng Village.The Dragon Lake in Liukeng held 83.0%of the precipitation,and the vegetation area accounted for 34.7%of the total area of Liukeng,which had high surface permeability and good middle drainage effects.Water detection showed that the Dragon Lake provided good water quality and purification.The purposes of this study are to fill the gap in previous non-quantitative research on water layout in traditional rural settlements,excavate the hidden information and value of settlements,and deepen our understanding of the ecological wisdom of the overall planning,layout and construction of water conservancy in traditional rural settlements.This knowledge can assist the win-win situation of water conservancy cultural heritage protection and modern utilization.It also provides useful inspiration and reference for properly dealing with the problems of rain and flooding,realizing the sustainability of water resources,and protecting the ecological environment in the process of the development and construction of village settlements in China.

[C(NH)]PO·2HO: A new metal-free ultraviolet nonlinear optical phosphate with large birefringence and second-harmonic generation response

[PO_(4)]3-possesses small microscopic secondorder susceptibility and polarizability anisotropy,which inherently result in weak second-harmonic generation (SHG)and small birefringence.Herein,a new noncentrosymmetric phosphate,[C(NH_(2))3]3PO_(4)·2H_(2)O,was successfully designed and synthesized by a solution evaporation method.[C(NH_(2))3]3PO_(4)·2H_(2)O without metal ions is composed of planar conjugated guanidine cations and PO_(4)tetrahedrons,which are connected by hydrogen bonds,forming a three-dimensional network.Physical property measurements indicate that the title compound displays an SHG response of 1.5×KH_(2)PO_(4)(KDP) and a larger birefringence (0.055@546.1 nm)compared with most reported ultraviolet nonlinear optical phosphates.Furthermore,first-principles calculations reveal that theπ-conjugated planar[C(NH_(2))3]+cations and[PO_(4)]3-groups are responsible for its excellent linear and NLOproperties.