六角柱网三向斜交结构简化三维分析

本文对六角柱网三向斜交结构提出了简化三维分析方法．通过引入虚拟柱的概念，把结构分解成不同方向的平面结构进行分析．结构的空间共同工作由虚拟柱的竖向位移协调和刚性楼板的水平位移协调的假定考虑，并反应结构空间受力的主要特征．根据文中模型，进行了算例分析和比较，结果表明，本文方法极大地缩减了自由度数目．

某三心圆双层网壳结构设计与施工

文章结合某电厂煤场封闭项目设计,系统地介绍了三心圆双层网壳煤棚结构的结构设计流程与施工方案。该工程在确定设计条件、荷载组合及合理的结构控制指标等设计条件之后,利用空间结构分析设计软件3D3S对整体结构进行分析验算,选定了合理的结构参数,结构的各项指标均满足相关规范要求。通过对比分析,该工程选择双跨整体滑移施工方案,施工方案安全可靠,同时可对煤场运行影响降到最低。结果表明,该工程结构设计经济合理、施工方案安全可靠,能够满足工程需求,可以为其他工程提供参考。

大跨度超长非对称储煤棚网壳结构分析

某电厂全封闭大型储煤棚采用了三心圆柱面网壳结构与端部网架结构的组合形式,通过用MST空间网格结构分析与设计软件对该结构进行计算分析,对结构的受力特点、动力特性等有了充分的了解,为以后进一步的优化设计提供了重要的依据和保证,同时,也为今后类似工程提供一些有用的工程经验。

开口状态及干扰对柱面结构风荷载的影响

为满足储煤量、工艺及环保的要求,柱面煤棚结构常常成对出现且在端部和两侧采用不同形式的开口,煤棚间的相互干扰和开口状态对风荷载的影响效应目前尚不明确。针对此问题,通过刚性模型测压试验,研究了端部、两侧开口状态以及煤棚间距对其结构表面风荷载的影响,通过对比结构整体力系数、体型系数分布及脉动风压系数,给出了风向角、开口状态及间距对风荷载的影响规律,分析了其产生机理,并给出了该类结构的风荷载建议。结果表明:半封闭的端部开口方式能有效减小结构整体风荷载,且脉动风压值最小;两侧30%开孔率的开口形式,结构表面的风荷载分布更均匀,减小结构的脉动风压;煤棚之间的干扰对平均风荷载主要为遮挡效应,对脉动风荷载影响不显著。

某233m跨长拱形干煤棚结构设计

以某干煤棚项目为背景,介绍了一种超大跨度干煤棚结构设计方案,并与传统的干煤棚结构设计方案进行比较,通过数值模拟分析来验证新设计方案的合理性。该新方案在传统设计方案基础上加设Y型支撑,有效地解决了结构因跨度过大引起挠度过大以及在使用空间的刚需条件下难以设计的问题,对类似工程的设计具有一定的参考价值。

三心圆柱面网壳结构风荷载分布规律

通过某两端开口的三心圆柱面网壳结构刚性模型风洞测压试验,分析了该结构表面净压分布规律及内表面风压对净压的影响。结果表明,来流垂直与结构纵向时,结构迎风端为正压区,其余为负压区,顶部附近负压最强,内压为负压,该负压增强了结构正压区风压、减弱负压区的风压。当来流平行于结构纵向时,除结构迎风端较强风压外,其余位置平均风压和脉动风压很小,内压对结构表面风压的影响可以忽略。来流倾斜与结构纵向时,结构内表面存在正压区,该区域内结构负压较大。

铁路信息系统安全管理中心的设计

针对我国铁路信息系统安全建设的现状,提出以安全管理平台和CA认证平台为支撑的安全管理中心建设思想,设计出符合铁路三网结构的安全管理中心网络结构。在铁路现有安全防护体系的基础上,将安全管理平台资源进行重新整合,同时将铁路CA认证体系范围进行扩充,构建符合信息系统等级保护要求的高安全性、高可用性的铁路信息系统安全管理中心。

三层赋形网状天线预张力设计方法

随着航天技术的不断发展,卫星通信、深空探测等领域对星载天线提出了更高的要求。网状天线作为星载天线的一种,其大口径、高收纳比和质量轻的特性使其成为星载天线重要的一种形式。但受限于网状天线的固有的结构形式,对传统的网状天线进行反射面赋形是不可实现的。为了实现网状天线赋形目标,设计了一种三层网的索网结构,提出了一种针对三层网的赋形网状天线预张力设计方法,能够在已知电磁波反射网节点坐标的情况下,求解出三层网结构的赋形网状天线的预张力,利用有限元软件进行验证,结果表明,利用该方法计算得出的预张力可以使三层网结构节点稳定在设计位置,达到平衡状态,证明该方法正确、可行。

Microstructures and properties of Cu/Ag(Invar) composites fabricated by powder metallurgy

The Ag(Invar)composite powder prepared by ball milling was used to fabricate the Cu/Ag(Invar)composites.Microstructures and properties of the composites were studied after sintering and thermo-mechanical treatment.The results indicatethat during ball milling,micro-forging weld and work-hardening fracture result in that the average particle size of the Ag(Invar)powder increases rapidly at first,and then decreases sharply,finally tends to be constant.Compared with the Cu/Invar ones,thesinterability of the composites is greatly improved,resulting in that the pores in them are smaller in amount and size.After thethermo-mechanical treatment,the Cu/Ag(Invar)composites are nearly fully dense with the optimum phase composition and elementdistribution.More importantly,Cu and the Invar alloy in the composites distribute continuously in a three-dimensional(3D)networkstructure.Cu/Invar interface diffusion is effectively inhibited by the Ag barrier layer,leading to a great improvement of themechanical and thermal properties of the Cu/Ag(Invar)composites.

Temporal Floorplanning Using Solution Space Smoothing Based on 3D-BSSG Structure

We develop a 3D bounded slice-surface grid （3D-BSSG） structure for representation and introduce the solution space smoothing technique to search for the optimal solution. Experiment results demonstrate that a 3D-BSSG structure based algorithm is very effective and efficient.

Influence of Cr or Co doping on electrode properties of V_(2.1) TiNi_(0.5) Hf_(0.05) hydrogen storage alloy

The microstructures and electrode properties of Cr or Co-doped V2.1 TiNi0.5 Hf0.05M 0.113 （M=Cr, Co） hydrogen storage alloys were investigated. It is found that all alloys consist of a main phase of V-based solid solution with b.c.c. structure and a secondary phase of C14-type Laves phase with a three-dimensional network structure. After the doping of Cr or Co into V 2.1TiNi 0.5Hf 0.05, the abundance and unit cell volume of the main phase decrease, and those of the secondary phase increase. The electrochemical measurements show that the discharge capacities of Cr-doped V2.1 TiNi0.5 Hf0.05Cr 0.113 alloy and Co-doped V2.1 TiNi0.5 Hf0.05Co 0.113 alloy are less than that of V2.1 TiNi0.5 Hf0.05 alloy, but their cycle stability and high-rate dischargeability are improved markedly. The results show that Cr or Co doping into V2.1 TiNi0.5 Hf0.05 alloy is significantly beneficial for the cycling stability.

Honeycomb-structured solid acid catalysts fabricated via the swelling-induced self-assembly of acidic poly(ionic liquid)s for highly efficient hydrolysis reactions

The development of heterogeneous acid catalysts with higher activity than homogeneous acid catalysts is critical and still challenging.In this study,acidic poly(ionic liquid)s with swelling ability(SAPILs)were designed and synthesized via the free radical copolymerization of ionic liquid monomers,sodium p-styrenesulfonate,and crosslinkers,followed by acidification.The 31P nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of adsorbed trimethylphosphine oxide indicated that the synthesized SAPILs presented moderate and single acid strength.The thermogravimetric analysis results in the temperature range of 300–345°C revealed that the synthesized SAPILs were more stable than the commercial resin Amberlite IR-120(H)(245°C).Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy testing demonstrated that SAPILs presented unique three-dimensional(3D)honeycomb structure in water,which was ascribed to the swelling-induced self-assembly of the molecules.Moreover,we used SAPILs with micron-sized honeycomb structure in water as catalysts for the hydrolysis of cyclohexyl acetate to cyclohexanol,and determined that their catalytic activity was much higher than that of homogeneous acid catalysts.The equilibrium concentrations of all reaction components inside and outside the synthesized SAPILs were quantitatively analyzed using a series of simulated reaction mixtures.Depending on the reaction mixture,the concentration of cyclohexyl acetate inside SAPIL-1 was 7.5–23.3 times higher than that outside of it,which suggested the high enrichment ability of SAPILs for cyclohexyl acetate.The excellent catalytic performance of SAPILs was attributed to their 3D honeycomb structure in water and high enrichment ability for cyclohexyl acetate,which opened up new avenues for designing highly efficient heterogeneous acid catalysts that could eventually replace conventional homogeneous acid catalysts.

Numerical Simulation of Seawater Intrusion from Estuary into River Using a Coupled Modeling System

One of the most important causes of the freshwater shortage in estuarine area is the increasing seawater intrusion into the river.To simulate seawater intrusion properly,two important factors should be considered.One is the bidirectional and time-dependent coupling effects between river discharges and tidal forces.The other is the three-dimensional and stratified structure of dynamic processes involved.However,these two factors have rarely been investigated simultaneously,or they were often simplified in previous researches,especially for the estuary connected with an upstream river network through multiple outlets such as the Pearl River Estuary(PRE).In order to consider these two factors,a numerical modeling system,which couples a one-dimensional river network model with a three-dimensional unstructured-grid Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model(FVCOM),has been developed and successfully applied to the simulation of seawater intrusion into rivers emptying into the PRE.By treating the river network with a one-dimensional model,computational efficiency has been improved.With coupling 1D and 3D models,the specification of upstream boundary conditions becomes more convenient.Simulated results are compared with field measured data.Good agreement indicates that the modeling system may correctly capture the physical processes of seawater intrusion into rivers.

Dynamic limit equilibrium analysis of sliding block for rock slope based on nonlinear FEM

Traditional rigid body limit equilibrium method （RBLEM） was adopted for the stability evaluation and analysis of rock slope under earthquake scenario. It is not able to provide the real stress distribution of the structure, while the strength reduction method relies on the arbitrary decision on the failure criteria. The dynamic limit equilibrium solution was proposed for the stability analysis of sliding block based on 3-D multi-grid method, by incorporating implicit stepping integration FEM. There are two independent meshes created in the analysis： One original 3-D FEM mesh is for the simulation of target structure and provides the stress time-history, while the other surface grid is for the simulation of sliding surface and could be selected and designed freely. As long as the stress time-history of the geotechnical structure under earthquake scenario is obtained based on 3-D nonlinear dynamic FEM analysis, the time-history of the force on sliding surface could be derived by projecting the stress time-history from 3-D FEM mesh to surface grid. After that, the safety factor time-history of the sliding block will be determined through applying limit equilibrium method. With those information in place, the structure＇s aseismatic stability ean be further studied. The above theory and method were also applied to the aseismatic stability analysis of Dagangshan arch dam＇s right bank high slope and compared with the the result generated by Quasi-static method. The comparative analysis reveals that the method not only raises the FEM＇s capability in accurate simulation of complicated geologic structure, but also increases the flexibility and comprehensiveness of limit equilibrium method. This method is reliable and recommended for further application in other real geotechnical engineering.

The First Three-dimensional Crown Ether Complex:{[Na(B18-C-6)]_(6)[Pt(SCN)_(6)]}[Pt(SCN)_(6)](SCN)_(2)with Covalent Bond

The novel benzo-18-crown-6(B18-C-6)complex;{[Na(Bl8-C-6)]_(6)[Pt(SCN)_(6)]}[Pt(SCN)_(6)](SCN)_(2)(1)was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis,IR spectrum and x-ray diffraction analysis.Thr crystal structure belongs to rhomobohedral,space group R-3 with cell dimesions:a=6=1.9933(3),c=2.9760(6)nm,α=β=90,γ=120°,V=10.240(3)nm^(3),Z=3,A,aclcd=1.564 g/cm^(3),F(000)=4908.1 is composed of one{[Na(B18-C-6)]_(6)[Pt(SCN)_(6)]}4+complex cation,one[Pt(SCN)_(6)]^(2-)complex anion and two SCN~anions.{[Na(B18-C-6)]_(6)[Pt(SCN)_(6)3}4+complex cation shows a three-dimensional network structure bridged by Na-O interactions between adjacent[Na(B18-C-6)]+units.The function of[Pt(SCN)_(6)]^(2-)complex anion and two SCN'anions are balancing charge in crystal.

Structural Mechanics Analysis Using an FE-Mesh Adaption to Real, 3D Surface Detected Geometry Data

Within today＇s product development process, various FE-simulations （finite element） for the functional validation of the desired characteristics are made to avoid expensive testing with real components. Those simulations are performed with great effort for discretization, use of simulations conditions, like taking different non-linearities （i.e., material behavior, etc.） into account, to create meaningful results. Despite knowing the effects of deformations occurring during the production processes, always the non-deformed design model of a CAD-system （computer aided design） is used for the FE-simulations. It seems rather doubtful that further refinement of simulation methods makes sense, if the real manufactured geometry of the component is not considered for in the simulation. For an efficient exploit of the potential of simulation methods, an approach has been developed which offers a geometry model for simulation based on the existing CAD-model but with integrated production deviations as soon as a first prototype is at hand by adapting the FE-mesh to the real, 3D surface detected geometry.

Ba4M（CO3）2（BO3）2（M=Ba, Sr）: two borate-carbonates synthesized by open high temperature solution method

Two borate-carbonates Ba4M(CO3)2(BO3)2(M =Ba, Sr) have been successfully synthesized in the open air representing the first examples of borate-carbnate complex.Their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and they both crystallize in same space group, Pnma.Their structures feature a Ba/Sr-based three dimensional framework composed of the BaO8 polyhedra(the SrO8 polyhedra), isolated BO3 and CO3 triangles. Detailed structure analysis shows that the intergrowth of [Ba3(BO3)2]/[Ba2Sr(BO3)2] and [BaCO3] layers favors the formation of these two borate-carbonates. In addition, their syntheses, spectroscopic properties and thermal behaviors were investigated.

One-pot ball-milling preparation of graphene/carbon black aqueous inks for highly conductive and flexible printed electronics

Stable aqueous carbon inks,with graphene sheets(GSs)and carbon black(CB)as conductive fillers,are prepared by a simple one-pot ball-milling method.The asprepared composite ink with 10 wt%GSs shows optimized rheological properties(viscosity and thixotropy)for screen printing.The as-printed coatings based on the above ink are uniform and dense on a polyimide substrate,and exhibit a sandwich-type conductive three dimensional network at the microscale.The resistivity of the typical composite coating is as low as 0.23±0.01Ωcm(92±4Ωsq^-1,25μm),which is 30%as that of a pure CB coating(0.77±0.01Ωcm).It is noteworthy that the resistivity decreases to 0.18±0.01Ωcm(72±4Ωsq^-1,25μm)after a further rolling compression.The coating exhibits good mechanical flexibility,and the resistance slightly increases by 12%after 3000 bending cycles.With the CB/GSs composite coatings as a flexible conductor,fascinating luminescent bookmarks and membrane switches were fabricated,demonstrating the tremendous potential of these coatings in the commercial production of flexible electronics and devices.

Interconnected CoS/NC-CNTs network as highperformance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Cobalt disulfide(CoS_(2))has been considered a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to its high theoretical capacity of 870 mA h g^(-1).However,its practical applications have been hampered by undesirable cycle life and rate performance due to the volume change and deterioration of electronic conductivity during the dischargecharge process.In this study,an interconnected CoS_(2)/N-doped carbon/carbon nanotube(CoS_(2)/NC-CNTs-700)network was successfully prepared to boost its lithium storage performance,in which small-size CoS_(2)nanoparticles were confined by N-doped carbon and uniformly decorated on the surface of CNTs.N-doped carbon can effectively accommodate the large volume expansion of CoS_(2)nanoparticles.Additionally,the 3D conductive nanostructure design offers adequate electrical/mass transport spacing.Benefiting from this,the CoS_(2)/NCCNTs-700 electrode demonstrates a long cycle life(a residual capacity of 719 mA h g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g^(-1))and outstanding rate performance(335 mA hg^(-1)at 5.0 A g^(-1)).This study broadens the design and application of CoS_(2)and fosters the advances in battery anode research.

Molecule-assisted modulation of the high-valence Co^(3+)in 3D honeycomb-like Co_(x)S_(y)networks for high-performance solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors

Modulating the oxidation states of transition metal species has been regarded as a promising strategy to tune the redox activity and achieve more active sites in electrode materials.In this work,a unique three-dimensional(3D)honeycomb-like cobalt sulfide(Co_(x)S_(y))network organized by cross-linked nanosheets(Co_(x)S_(y)-T NSs)was prepared via a simple triethanolamine(TEOA)-assisted self-templating strategy.Interestingly,it has been found for the first time that the introduction of TEOA in the reaction effectively increases the ratio of high-valence Co^(3+)in the final product.Benefiting from the synergetic effect of the tailored high-valence Co^(3+)with the 3D network structure,the Co_(x)S_(y)-T NS electrode exhibits a maximum specific capacity of 351 mA h g^(-1)(2635 F g^(-1))at 5 A g^(-1)as well as excellent cycling stability.Furthermore,with the solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor(ASC)constructed based on the Co_(x)S_(y)-T NSs and activated carbon(AC)electrodes,a high energy density up to 81.62 W h kg^(-1)has been achieved at the power density of 0.81 kW kg^(-1)and 96.2%capacitance is preserved after 7000 cycles,indicating robust cycling stability.This result highlights the simple approach of simultaneously tailoring highvalence metal species and constructing 3D network structure toward high-performance electrode materials for energy storage and conversion.