Dynamic exploration for oil and gas requires careful monitoring of reservoir contents for safety and efficiency of oil extraction. This paper proposes a multi-source and multi-azimuth walk-around vertical electromagne...Dynamic exploration for oil and gas requires careful monitoring of reservoir contents for safety and efficiency of oil extraction. This paper proposes a multi-source and multi-azimuth walk-around vertical electromagnetic profiling （MM-VEP） technique for surface-to-borehole electromagnetic surveying. Based on the difference in conductivities between reservoirs with different concentrations of oil and water, MM-VEP can be used to monitor reservoirs as they are injected with water. The MM-VEP response in five azimuth planes is modeled with three-dimensional （3D） integral equation calculations. The progress of waterflooding in four stages for enhanced oil recovery is shown to be indicated by field anomalies MM-VEP caused by variations in the reservoir resistivity. Numerical modeling demonstrates that MM-VEP measurements provides enough quantitative information from an underground reservoir to accurately detect oil deposits and monitor the progress of waterflooding.展开更多
In this paper we present a parametric expression on the enumeration of rooted non-separable near-triangulations on the cylinder which is much related to the maps on the torus.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2011ZX05019-007)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41604097)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2016M592611)Project(Nos.002401003503 and 002401003514)from Guilin University of Technology
文摘Dynamic exploration for oil and gas requires careful monitoring of reservoir contents for safety and efficiency of oil extraction. This paper proposes a multi-source and multi-azimuth walk-around vertical electromagnetic profiling （MM-VEP） technique for surface-to-borehole electromagnetic surveying. Based on the difference in conductivities between reservoirs with different concentrations of oil and water, MM-VEP can be used to monitor reservoirs as they are injected with water. The MM-VEP response in five azimuth planes is modeled with three-dimensional （3D） integral equation calculations. The progress of waterflooding in four stages for enhanced oil recovery is shown to be indicated by field anomalies MM-VEP caused by variations in the reservoir resistivity. Numerical modeling demonstrates that MM-VEP measurements provides enough quantitative information from an underground reservoir to accurately detect oil deposits and monitor the progress of waterflooding.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China !(19701002)
文摘In this paper we present a parametric expression on the enumeration of rooted non-separable near-triangulations on the cylinder which is much related to the maps on the torus.
