All around, men are raised not to be a ＂sissy＂, ＂gay＂, or a ＂faggot＂. Gay men are, then sculpted by a masculinity framework that, from their early years, will not fully accept them. In an attempt to be accepted,...All around, men are raised not to be a ＂sissy＂, ＂gay＂, or a ＂faggot＂. Gay men are, then sculpted by a masculinity framework that, from their early years, will not fully accept them. In an attempt to be accepted, gay men often try to make up for their homosexuality through the performance of masculinity centered on suppression of the feminine. Femmephobia, in this context, is the suppression or rejection of feminine features. In the LGBTQ＋ community, femmephobia is driven by the media and masculinity factors that are manifested in standards of attractiveness, but can also be broken down by media outlets that combat these ideas. Media has shaped gay men＇s perception of body image, standards of beauty, and have led to the progression of femmephobia within the community as a mode of restoring their masculinity that would not accept them. The introduction of alternative ideas of masculinity and gender perception are necessary for creating an inclusive form of masculinity that would promote a greater acceptance of all, and reduce femmephobia in society. Challenges against this masculinity are at work through various routes especially through the media. These venues are creating spaces where male femininity can be further explored and redefined.展开更多
Discourse connectives can be dealt with in relevance-theoretic terms, as indicators of types of relevance. These connectives can be used to constrain the interpretation of an utterance. They are analyzed in a broad cl...Discourse connectives can be dealt with in relevance-theoretic terms, as indicators of types of relevance. These connectives can be used to constrain the interpretation of an utterance. They are analyzed in a broad classification outlined in discourse connectives which introduce contextual implications, which are concerned with strengthening and which introduce denials. A relevance based approach to discourse is a more adequate framework than a coherence based one for the analysis of discourse connectives.展开更多
Implementing crosscutting concerns for transactions is difficult, even using aspect-oriented programming languages such as AspectJ. Many of these challenges arise because the context of a transaction-related crosscutt...Implementing crosscutting concerns for transactions is difficult, even using aspect-oriented programming languages such as AspectJ. Many of these challenges arise because the context of a transaction-related crosscutting concern consists of loosely-coupled abstractions like dynamically-generated identifiers, timestamps, and tentative value sets of distributed resources. Current aspect-oriented programming languages do not provide joinpoints and pointcuts for weaving advice into high-level abstractions or contexts, like transaction contexts. To address these problems, we propose an extension to AspectJ framework, called TransJ, that allows developers to define pointcuts in terms of transaction abstractions and that automatically keeps track of context information for transactions. This paper describes TransJ as an abstract independent framework for weaving crosscutting concerns into high-level runtime abstractions, with which developers can implement transaction-related crosscutting concerns in modular, cohesive and loosely coupled transaction-aware aspects. Finally, this paper presents eight different ways in which TransJ can improve the reuse with preserving the performance of applications requiring transactions. Informally, these hypotheses are that TransJ yields （1） better encapsulation and separation of concern; （2） looser coupling and less scattering; （3） higher cohesion and less tangling; （4） reduces complexity; （5） improves obliviousness; （6） preserves efficiency; （7） improves extensibility; and （8） hastens the productivity. A brief discussion of experiment to test the hypotheses is provided, but the details of the experiment are left for another paper.展开更多
文摘All around, men are raised not to be a ＂sissy＂, ＂gay＂, or a ＂faggot＂. Gay men are, then sculpted by a masculinity framework that, from their early years, will not fully accept them. In an attempt to be accepted, gay men often try to make up for their homosexuality through the performance of masculinity centered on suppression of the feminine. Femmephobia, in this context, is the suppression or rejection of feminine features. In the LGBTQ＋ community, femmephobia is driven by the media and masculinity factors that are manifested in standards of attractiveness, but can also be broken down by media outlets that combat these ideas. Media has shaped gay men＇s perception of body image, standards of beauty, and have led to the progression of femmephobia within the community as a mode of restoring their masculinity that would not accept them. The introduction of alternative ideas of masculinity and gender perception are necessary for creating an inclusive form of masculinity that would promote a greater acceptance of all, and reduce femmephobia in society. Challenges against this masculinity are at work through various routes especially through the media. These venues are creating spaces where male femininity can be further explored and redefined.
文摘Discourse connectives can be dealt with in relevance-theoretic terms, as indicators of types of relevance. These connectives can be used to constrain the interpretation of an utterance. They are analyzed in a broad classification outlined in discourse connectives which introduce contextual implications, which are concerned with strengthening and which introduce denials. A relevance based approach to discourse is a more adequate framework than a coherence based one for the analysis of discourse connectives.
文摘Implementing crosscutting concerns for transactions is difficult, even using aspect-oriented programming languages such as AspectJ. Many of these challenges arise because the context of a transaction-related crosscutting concern consists of loosely-coupled abstractions like dynamically-generated identifiers, timestamps, and tentative value sets of distributed resources. Current aspect-oriented programming languages do not provide joinpoints and pointcuts for weaving advice into high-level abstractions or contexts, like transaction contexts. To address these problems, we propose an extension to AspectJ framework, called TransJ, that allows developers to define pointcuts in terms of transaction abstractions and that automatically keeps track of context information for transactions. This paper describes TransJ as an abstract independent framework for weaving crosscutting concerns into high-level runtime abstractions, with which developers can implement transaction-related crosscutting concerns in modular, cohesive and loosely coupled transaction-aware aspects. Finally, this paper presents eight different ways in which TransJ can improve the reuse with preserving the performance of applications requiring transactions. Informally, these hypotheses are that TransJ yields （1） better encapsulation and separation of concern; （2） looser coupling and less scattering; （3） higher cohesion and less tangling; （4） reduces complexity; （5） improves obliviousness; （6） preserves efficiency; （7） improves extensibility; and （8） hastens the productivity. A brief discussion of experiment to test the hypotheses is provided, but the details of the experiment are left for another paper.
