Objective: To compare parental feeding practices and evaluate their relationship to weight status among children with Down syndrome (DS) and their unaffected siblings.Study design: Cross-sectional study of sibling pai...Objective: To compare parental feeding practices and evaluate their relationship to weight status among children with Down syndrome (DS) and their unaffected siblings.Study design: Cross-sectional study of sibling pairs, one child with DS (n = 36) and one child without DS (n = 36), between 3 and 10 years of age.Parents completed the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ), which assesses six aspects of control in feeding, separately for each child.Children’s height and weight were measured using standard research procedures for calculation of body mass index (BMI) and BMI Z scores (BMIZ).Results: Mean BMIZ was higher among children with DS than their siblings (1.1 ±0.9 vs 0.1 ±1.1; P <.001), but there were no between-group differences in parents’perception of children’s weight status.Parents reported greater use of restriction, greater feelings of responsibility for feeding and concern about child weight status, and lower pressure to eat for children with DS than for their siblings.After adjustment for BMIZ, differences remained significant only for concern (10.6 ±3.5 vs 6.4 ±3.4; P <.002).Perceived child overweight and concern were positively associated with BMIZ, whereas pressure was inversely associated with BMIZ.Conclusions: Differences in child-feeding practices may play a role in the development of obesity in DS.展开更多
To compare vitreous concentrations of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) achieved by prior therapeutic intravitreal and subtenon injections. Interventional case ser ies. Vitreous samples were collected from patients who req...To compare vitreous concentrations of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) achieved by prior therapeutic intravitreal and subtenon injections. Interventional case ser ies. Vitreous samples were collected from patients who required vitreous surgery , six having received a subtenon injection of TA and another six, an intravitrea l injection. Vitreous concentrations of TA were measured by high-performance li quid chromatography. Vitreous concentrations of TA after intravitreal injection were 1.22 ±.0.24 μg/ml, significantly higher than those after subtenon injecti on ( < 0.001 μg/ml, P=0.003). Vitreous concentrations of TA after subtenon inje ction and TA-assisted vitrectomy performed in a few patients to visualize the t ransparent vitreous gel were 0.20 ±0.11 μg/ml, an intermediate amount between these two groups. Much higher vitreous concentrations of TA after intravitreal i njection than subtenon injection may accelerate therapeutic effect when intravit real injections are given to reduce macular edema. Subtenon injections of TA may act via the sclera as opposed to the vitreous.展开更多
文摘Objective: To compare parental feeding practices and evaluate their relationship to weight status among children with Down syndrome (DS) and their unaffected siblings.Study design: Cross-sectional study of sibling pairs, one child with DS (n = 36) and one child without DS (n = 36), between 3 and 10 years of age.Parents completed the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ), which assesses six aspects of control in feeding, separately for each child.Children’s height and weight were measured using standard research procedures for calculation of body mass index (BMI) and BMI Z scores (BMIZ).Results: Mean BMIZ was higher among children with DS than their siblings (1.1 ±0.9 vs 0.1 ±1.1; P <.001), but there were no between-group differences in parents’perception of children’s weight status.Parents reported greater use of restriction, greater feelings of responsibility for feeding and concern about child weight status, and lower pressure to eat for children with DS than for their siblings.After adjustment for BMIZ, differences remained significant only for concern (10.6 ±3.5 vs 6.4 ±3.4; P <.002).Perceived child overweight and concern were positively associated with BMIZ, whereas pressure was inversely associated with BMIZ.Conclusions: Differences in child-feeding practices may play a role in the development of obesity in DS.
文摘To compare vitreous concentrations of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) achieved by prior therapeutic intravitreal and subtenon injections. Interventional case ser ies. Vitreous samples were collected from patients who required vitreous surgery , six having received a subtenon injection of TA and another six, an intravitrea l injection. Vitreous concentrations of TA were measured by high-performance li quid chromatography. Vitreous concentrations of TA after intravitreal injection were 1.22 ±.0.24 μg/ml, significantly higher than those after subtenon injecti on ( < 0.001 μg/ml, P=0.003). Vitreous concentrations of TA after subtenon inje ction and TA-assisted vitrectomy performed in a few patients to visualize the t ransparent vitreous gel were 0.20 ±0.11 μg/ml, an intermediate amount between these two groups. Much higher vitreous concentrations of TA after intravitreal i njection than subtenon injection may accelerate therapeutic effect when intravit real injections are given to reduce macular edema. Subtenon injections of TA may act via the sclera as opposed to the vitreous.
