五行子系统概念模型上层关系浅述

目的:构建五行子系统模型,为研究中医药信息在中医药系统及其子系统之间的流动进行基础性研究。方法:由中医药学语言系统、普通高等教育国家级规划教材、中医大辞典中筛选出所有可以纳入五行子系统的概念,根据概念所覆盖的范围进行归类,确定了上层关系,即:五行元素、自然因素、人体因素、生理概念、病理概念、治疗概念六个大类。并对六大类的内容及相互间的逻辑关系进行简单论述。结果:通过这六大类建立的上层关系,使五行子系统概念模型覆盖了人体内、外的实质性客观存在、非实质性客观存在以及非客观存在的经验总结等各方面。结论:根据这六大类上层关系可以构建出一个以五脏为中心,以脏腑经络、形体官窍、精气血津液神等为组成部分,以季节、方位等自然因素为外延,涵括人体生理活动、病理状态等非物质性现象及治疗手段等经验性活动的天人相应的五行子系统概念模型。

多阶段任务系统分层次建模法及应用

给出多阶段任务系统的分层次建模法,并举例在某空间观测卫星可靠性分析上的应用,给出了上层模型和下层模型并对其任务可靠性进行了预计。

Synthesis of Multi-component Mass-exchange Networks

This paper presents a superstructure-based formulation for the synthesis of mass-exchange networks (MENs) considering multiple components. The superstructure is simplified by directly using the mass separation agents (MSA) from their sources, and therefore the automatic synthesis of the multi-component system involved in the MENs can be achieved without choosing a 'key-component' either for the whole process or the mass exchangers. A mathematical model is proposed to carry out the optimization process. The concentrations, flow rates, matches and unit operation displayed in the obtained network constitute the exact representation of the mass exchange process in terms of all species in the system. An example is used to illustrate and demonstrate the application of the proposed method.

Effect of wave-induced Stokes drift on the dynamics of ocean mixed layer

The wave-forcing 'Coriolis-Stokes forcing' and 'Stokes-vortex force' induced by Stokes drift affect the upper ocean jointly.To study the effect of the wave-induced Stokes drift on the dynamics of the ocean mixed layer,a new three-dimensional(3D) numerical model is derived using the primitive basic equations and Eulerian wave averaging.The Princeton Ocean Model(POM),a 3D primitive equation ocean model is used with the upper wave-averaged basic equations.The global ocean circulation is simulated using the POM model,and the Stokes drift is evaluated based on the wave data generated by WAVEWATCH III.We compared simulations with and without the Stokes drift.The results show that the magnitude of the Stokes drift is comparable with the Eulerian mean current.Including the Stokes drift in the ocean model affects both the Eulerian current and the Lagranian drift and causes the vertical mixing coefficients to increase.

Spring constitutive model of rigid pile composite foundation and application in design of raft foundation

The simplified analysis method based on the static equilibrium is generally adopted for raft design. The secondary stress of superstructure due to the differential settlement of the foundation is neglected, which leads to larger support moments and longitudinal bending of raft compared with real values. The spring constitutive relation of composite foundation is obtained by the flat plate loading tests in Karst region. The interaction between the spring and the raft is equivalent to the interaction between the composite foundation and the raft. The model for superstructure-raft-composite foundation interaction analysis is thus established and the raft is designed. This method not only considers the nonlinear properties of composite foundation but also analyzes the influence of superstructure on bending moment and deformation of raft. Compared with the inverted floor method, the calculated values of moment become more reasonable and uneven settlements are considered. This can be references to the design of raft foundation in similar regions.

Impact of sea spray on upper ocean temperature during typhoon passage:simulation with a 1-D turbulent model

At the interface between the lower atmosphere and sea surface,sea spray might significantly influence air-sea heat fluxes and subsequently,modulate upper ocean temperature during a typhoon passage. The effects of sea spray were introduced into the parameterization of sea surface roughness in a 1-D turbulent model,to investigate the effects of sea spray on upper ocean temperature in the Kuroshio Extension area,for the cases of two real typhoons from 2006,Yagi and Soulik. Model output was compared with data from the Kuroshio Extension Observatory(KEO),and Reynolds and AMSRE satellite remote sensing sea surface temperatures. The results indicate drag coefficients that include the spray effect are closer to observations than those without,and that sea spray can enhance the heat fluxes(especially latent heat flux) considerably during a typhoon passage. Consequently,the model results with heat fluxes enhanced by sea spray simulate better the cooling process of the SST and upper-layer temperature profiles. Additionally,results from the simulation of the passage of typhoon Soulik(that passed KEO quickly),which included the sea spray effect,were better than for the simulated passage of typhoon Yagi(that crossed KEO slowly). These promising 1-D results could provide insight into the application of sea spray in general circulation models for typhoon studies.

Context-aware smart car: from model to prototype

Smart cars are promising application domain for ubiquitous computing. Context-awareness is the key feature of a smart car for safer and easier driving. Despite many industrial innovations and academic progresses have been made, we find a lack of fully context-aware smart cars. This study presents a general architecture of smart cars from the viewpoint of context- awareness. A hierarchical context model is proposed for description of the complex driving environment. A smart car prototype including software platform and hardware infrastructures is built to provide the running environment for the context model and applications. Two performance metrics were evaluated: accuracy of the context situation recognition and efficiency of the smart car. The whole response time of context situation recognition is nearly 1.4 s for one person, which is acceptable for non-time critical applications in a smart car.