没药炮制后对动物止痛及血小板粘附性的影响

目的：研究没药炮制后的药理作用的变化。方法：用热板法和扭体法进行止痛实验；用体外血小板粘附率测定法测定血小板粘附性，探讨没药炮制后是否有增强止痛和降低血小板粘附性的作用。结果：生没药和制没药都具有止痛作用，醋制后其作用更强，但生没药不能降低血小板粘附性，醋制后才具有降低血小板粘附性的作用。

止痛消炎散外敷治骨伤痛临床观察

止痛消炎散外敷治骨伤痛临床观察仇湘中（湖南省中医药研究院附属医院骨科４１０００６）关键词骨伤疼痛；上痛消炎散；中医药疗法；外治法１９８８年至１９９４年，我科采用止痛消炎散外敷治疗骨伤疼痛８６５例，疗效满意，兹介绍如下：１临床资料８６５例中，住院病人５...

雪上一枝蒿速效止痛搽剂的抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的研究雪上一枝蒿速效止痛搽剂的抗炎镇痛作用。方法通过小鼠耳廓肿胀,腹腔毛细血管通透性实验观察其抗炎作用;通过热板法和醋酸扭体法观察其镇痛作用。结果雪上一枝蒿速效止痛搽剂能显著抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀,醋酸所致小鼠毛细血管通透性增高;提高热板法疼痛模型小鼠痛阈,抑制醋酸所致小鼠扭体痛反应。结论雪上一枝蒿速效止痛搽剂具有显著的抗炎、镇痛作用。

STUDY ON THE ATTACK CONTROL ACTION OF ELECTRO-ACUPUNC-TURE ON T■IYANG(太阳EX-HN5)FOR MIGRAINE DUE TO HYPERAC-TIVITY OF LIVER YANG:RANDOMIED CONTROLED TRIAL

Objective To discuss the difference of electro-acupuncture and drug in controlling the attack of migraine due to hyperactivity of liver yang. Methods Three-centered random control method was used, and 300 qualified cases were randomly divided into treatment group （146 cases according to the design） and control group （140 cases）, which were respectively treated with electro-acupuncture and drugs （Compound Aminopyrine Phenacetin Tablets, Ergotamine Caffeine Tablets, Diazepam Tablets）, and observed the overall effect and scores of headache, accompanying symptoms, psychological and social adaptability scores, life quality scores, TCM symptoms scores and follow-up results before and after the treatment. Results In treatment group, the successful rate of attack control was 47.3 %, the improvement rate was 73.3 %, and the total effectiveness was 90.4 %, the clinical control rate and improvement were much superior to control group （the clinical control rate 35.7 %, improvement 61.4 %, the total effectiveness 85. 7 % ）, P〈0. 01, the difference in effect was mainly reflected in patients with moderate severity; the total scores of TCM syndrome after the treatment was obviously significant or very obviously significant（ P〈0. 05, P〈0. 01 ）, but the headache scores between two groups was not obviously significant（P〉0.05）, the difference in accompanying symptoms was significant（ P〈0. 01 ） ;the long term attack control action in two groups was not satisfactory, the recurrence was similar （P〉0. 05） ,the severity of headache in recurrence cases of treatment group was alleviated and superior to control group（ P 〈 0. 01 ）, the occurrence of headache after the treatment is much less than that before the treatment and the situation after 2 months was superior to control group （P〈0. 01 ）. Sleepiness and redness of face in some patients which were seen in control group weren＇t seen in treatment group. Conclusion Electro-acupuncture on Tàiyáng （太阳 EX-HN5） can control the attack of migraine due to hyperactivity of liver yang, and it has advantages in improving the accompanying symptoms and reducing the toxic and side effects of western drugs.

Clinical Application of the Jiuwei Point

Jiuwei (CV 15) is a point mainly used to treat epigastric pain, regurgitation, dysphagia, epilepsy, palpitation, vexation, cough and dyspnea.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma adjacent to the axilla:a case report

We described a case of a 71-year-old woman with an epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) in her left axilla,a rare location which hasn’t been reported yet.The patient suffered from numbness,pain and decreased muscle strength of her left upper extremity. Sonography revealed a hypoechoic mass surrounded the axillary artery and brachial artery. No obvious capsule was demonstrated.CT showed a soft-tissue mass with some calcifications and peripheral ring-like enhancement. The MRI indicated a mass with mainly intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted imagine and intermediate signal intensity on T2-weighted imagine. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic examination after surgery. There are some correlations of these imaging features with its histopathologic characters.

Suspended moxibustion relieves chronic visceral hyperalgesia and decreases hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone levels

AIM:To evaluate the effect of suspended moxibustion(SM) on rectal sensory thresholds and to analyze the possible mechanisms involved in SM treatment of chronic visceral hypersensitivity(CVH) in rats.METHODS:SM was administered once daily to 37-dold CVH rats for 7 d.The two pairs of acupoints(ST25 and ST37,bilateral) were simultaneously treated with SM.Each treatment lasted for 30 min.Rats undergoing treatment with SM were not anesthetized.Untreated CVH rats and normal rats were used as controls.The abdominal withdrawal reflex was determined 30-90 min after the seven treatments.The hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH) mRNA level was measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:We found that SM treatment significantly decreased visceral sensitivity to colorectal distention in this rat model.In treated animals,SM also decreased the relative hypothalamic CRH mRNA expression level to control levels.CONCLUSION:Lower hypothalamic CRH levels may mediate the beneficial effects of SM in this rat irritable bowel syndrome model.

中医经典方剂治疗痛风的研究进展

当今世界约有1亿病患深受痛风的困扰,目前主要使用降尿酸类药物和抗炎镇痛类药物预防和治疗痛风的急性发作。中医药在防治痛风方面有着近千年的临床应用经验,涌现出大量治疗痛风的有效方剂。我们通过查阅文献资料,整理并总结了近年来临床使用和研究频次较多的经典方剂(上中下通用痛风汤、四妙方、萆薢渗湿汤、白虎加桂枝汤、宣痹汤和竹叶石膏汤)的抗痛风作用及其可能的机制,以期为中医药防治痛风的实验研究及临床应用提供参考与思路。

Lack of association between ADRA2B-4825 gene insertion/deletion poly- morphism and migraine in Chinese Han population

Objective The present study aimed to estimate the association between susceptibility to migraine and the 12nucleotide insertion/deletion （indel） polymorphism in promoter region ofα 2B -adrenergic receptor gene （ADRA2B）.Methods A case-control study was carried out in Chinese Han population,including 368 cases of migraine and 517 controls.Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples,and DNA fragments containing the site of polymorphism were amplified by PCR.Data were adjusted for sex,age,migraine history and family history,and analyzed using a logistic regression model.Results There was no association between indel polymorphism and migraine,at either the allele or the genotype level.Conclusion These findings do not support a functional significance of ADRA2B indel polymorphism at position-4825 relative to the start codon in the far upstream region of the promoter in the present migraine subjects.

Efficacy observation of long-retaining scalp acupuncture plus interactive training for upper-extremity dysfunction after cerebral stroke

Objective:To observe the efficacy of long-retaining scalp acupuncture plus interactive training in improving upper-extremity dysfunction in cerebral stroke patients.Methods:Ninety-five patients with upper-extremity dysfunction after cerebral stroke were randomized into two groups,with 48 cases in the treatment group and 47 cases in the control group.Conventional internal medicine treatment was offered to both groups.In both groups,Anterior Oblique Line of Vertex-temporal(MS 6,the middle 2/5)and Posterior Oblique Line of Vertex-temporal(MS 7,the middle 2/5)were selected from the same side of the brain lesion(the side apposing to the hemiplegic limb)for scalp acupuncture treatment.In the treatment group,the scalp acupuncture needles were retained for 7 h,in combination with interactive training,while the needles were also retained for 7 h in the control group but without interactive training.Prior to treatment and at 2-week and 4-week treatment,the two groups were scored using the functional test for the hemiplegic upper extremity-Hong Kong(FTHUE-HK)and simplified Fugl-Meyer assessment-upper extremity(FMA-UE).Results:The total effective rate was 97.9%in the treatment group,higher than 74.5%in the control group(P<0.01).The FTHUE-HK score was higher at 2-week and 4-week treatment than before treatment in both groups,presenting statistically significant intra-group differences(all P<0.001);the FTHUE-HK score was higher at 4-week treatment than at 2-week treatment in both groups,presenting statistically significant intra-group differences(both P<0.001).At 2-week and 4-week treatment,the FTHUE-HK score was higher in the treatment group than in the control group,showing significant between-group differences(both P<0.05).During the whole treatment process,the treatment group had higher FTHUE-HK scores compared with the control group,but there was no statistical significance comparing the change of the score between the two groups at 2-week treatment(P>0.05),while the between-group difference in the change of the score was statistically significant at 4-week treatment(P<0.05).The FMA-UE score was higher at 2-week and 4-weeks treatment than before treatment in both groups,presenting statistically significant intra-group differences(all P<0.001);the FMA-UE score was higher at 4-week treatment than at 2-week treatment in both groups,presenting statistically significant intra-group differences(both P<0.001).At 2-week and 4-week treatment,the FMA-UE was higher in the treatment group than in the control group,and the between-group differences were statistically significant(both P<0.01).The FMA-UE score rose gradually with the increase of treatment session,and there was statistical significance comparing the change of the score between the two groups at 2-week and 4-week treatment,respectively(both P<0.05).Conclusion:Long-retaining scalp acupuncture plus interactive training results in more significant efficacy than long-retaining scalp acupuncture alone in improving the upper-limb dysfunction after cerebral stroke and the advantage becomes more notable after 2-week consecutive treatment.

Clinical Study on Acupuncture plus Medication for Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Due to Spleen-stomach Deficiency

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of combining acupuncture and medication in treating chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG) due to spleen-stomach deficiency. Methods: Totally 176 patients with CAG were randomized into two groups by the random number table. The 91 subjects in the treatment group were intervened by acupuncture and oral Chinese patent medication; the other 85 subjects were by oral Chinese patent medication alone. The clinical efficacies were compared at the end of intervention. Results: After a treatment course, the total effective rate was 87.9% in the treatment group versus 75.3% in the control group; according to the gastroscopy and pathological biopsy examinations, the total effective rate was 85.7% in the treatment group versus 74.1% in the control group. There were significant differences in comparing the clinical efficacy, gastroscopy and pathological examinations between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion: Combining acupuncture and medication can produce a better therapeutic efficacy than medication alone in treating CAG due to spleen-stomach deficiency.

Effect of moxibustion on CRF and CRFR1 expressions in hypothalamus of TNBS-induced experimental colitis rats

Objective： To observe the effect of moxibustion on the protein and mRNA expressions of corticotropin-releasing factor （CRF） and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 （CRFR1） in hypothalamus of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid （TNBS）-induced experimental colitis rats, and to explore the central mechanisms of moxibustion in improving visceral pain and the pain-related emotions in experimental colitis rats. Methods： Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a normal group （NG）, a model group （MG）, a herb-partitioned moxibustion group （HPMG） and a sham herb-partitioned moxibustion group （SHPMG）. Except the NG, rats in the remaining three groups all received TNBS enema to establish experimental colitis models. The HPMG received herb-partitioned moxibustion （HPM） at bilateral Tianshu （ST 25） and Qihai （CV 6） for intervention; for the SHPMG, the herbal cakes and moxa cones were only placed on the acupoints but not ignited; rats in the MG and NG were only fixed in the same way as those in the HPMG but did not receive any treatment. At the end of the intervention, the abdominal withdrawal reflex （AWR） score, the open field test （OFT） score and the elevated plus maze （EPM） score were observed to measure the changes in visceral pain and pain-related emotions of the rats. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to examine the expressions of CRF and CRFR1 proteins in hypothalamus; the fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR） was used to detect the expressions of CRF and CRFR1 mRNAs in hypothalamus. Results： Compared with the NG, the AWR score increased significantly and the OFT and EPM scores dropped significantly in the MG （all P〈0.05）, and the expressions of hypothalamic CRF and CRFR1 proteins and mRNAs increased significantly （all P〈0.01）. Compared with the MG and SHPMG, the AWR score dropped significantly and the OFT and EPM scores increased significantly in the HPMG （all P〈0.01）, and the expressions of hypothalamic CRF and CRFRI proteins and mRNAs decreased significantly （all P〈0.05）. There were no significant differences between the MG and the SHPMG （all P〉0.05）. Conclusion： HPM can down-regulate the abnormally increased expressions of CRF and CRFR1 proteins and mRNAs in hypothalamus of the TNBS-induced experimental colitis rats, which is plausibly one of its action mechanisms in mitigating visceral pain and the pain-related emotions in the experimental colitis rats.

Emotional regulation of pain:the role of noradrenaline in the amygdala

The perception of pain involves the activation of the spinal pathway as well as the supra-spinal pathway,which targets brain regions involved in affective and cognitive processes.Pain and emotions have the capacity to influence each other reciprocally;negative emotions,such as depression and anxiety,increase the risk for chronic pain,which may lead to anxiety and depression.The amygdala is a key-player in the expression of emotions,receives direct nociceptive information from the parabrachial nucleus,and is densely innervated by noradrenergic brain centers.In recent years,the amygdala has attracted increasing interest for its role in pain perception and modulation.In this review,we will give a short overview of structures involved in the pain pathway,zoom in to afferent and efferent connections to and from the amygdala,with emphasis on the direct parabrachio-amygdaloid pathway and discuss the evidence for amygdala’s role in pain processing and modulation.In addition to the involvement of the amygdala in negative emotions during the perception of pain,this brain structure is also a target site for many neuromodulators to regulate the perception of pain.We will end this article with a short review on the effects of noradrenaline and its role in hypoalgesia and analgesia.

Clinical observation of Tuina plus electroacupuncture for migraine due to liver-Yang hyperactivity

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Tuina (Chinese therapeutic massage) plus electroacupuncture in treating migraine due to liver-Yang hyperactivity and the effects on the serum levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and prostaglandin (PG) E_(2). Methods: A total of 122 patients with migraine due to liver-Yang hyperactivity were recruited and randomized into a control group and an observation group, each consisting of 61 cases. The control group was given Tong Nao Huo Luo acupuncture (acupuncture treatment for unblocking brain collaterals), and the observation group was Tuina treatment focusing on cervical Ashi points in addition to the intervention received by the control group. Both groups were treated once daily for 21 consecutive days. When the intervention finished, the two groups were observed for changes in the headache score, symptom and sign scores of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the severity of impact on life, and serum CGRP and PGE_(2) levels. The clinical efficacy was compared after 21 d of treatment. Results: The observation group had a higher total effective rate than the control group, 90.2% versus 73.8% (P<0.05);after treatment, the headache and TCM symptom and sign scores decreased in both groups (P<0.05) and were lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05);the migraine’s impact on life was less severe in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05);the levels of serum CGRP and PGE_(2) dropped in the two groups (P<0.05) and were lower in the observation group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tong Nao Huo Luo acupuncture can produce more significant efficacy in treating migraine due to liver-Yang hyperactivity when combined with cervical Tuina at Ashi points, better alleviating the headache, improving TCM symptoms and body signs, and reducing the impact of headache on life. The mechanism may be associated with inhibiting the expression of serum pain factors CGRP and PGE_(2).