LTE-A系统使用参考信号进行上行信道估计,而使用PUCCH format 2a/2b发送上行控制信息时,由于每个时隙只有一个SC-FDMA符号可以用于传输参考信号,所以此时接收端不能直接利用参考信号进行信道估计。给出了一种易实现且复杂度低的PUCCH 2a...LTE-A系统使用参考信号进行上行信道估计,而使用PUCCH format 2a/2b发送上行控制信息时,由于每个时隙只有一个SC-FDMA符号可以用于传输参考信号,所以此时接收端不能直接利用参考信号进行信道估计。给出了一种易实现且复杂度低的PUCCH 2a/2b的半盲检测接收算法,该算法利用ACK/NACK信息辅助信道估计。仿真结果表明,文中提出的方法能有效提高PUCCH 2a/2b的接收性能。展开更多
3 GPP LTE has approved uplink intra-cell power control and defined overload indicator （OI） for uplink inter-cell power contrQ1 to mitigate the inter-cell interference （ICI）, respectively. In this pa- per, we propo...3 GPP LTE has approved uplink intra-cell power control and defined overload indicator （OI） for uplink inter-cell power contrQ1 to mitigate the inter-cell interference （ICI）, respectively. In this pa- per, we propose a hierarchical power control （ HPC ） scheme where intra-eell and inter-cell power controls interact with each other. The inter-cell power control eommand is generated by radio re- source management （RRM） entity according to the ICI-load model together with the current ICI and served load information. This ICI-load model is proposed as a guideline for coordination among cells to enable the system to approach its system specific interference over thermal noise （IoT） work area. Simulation results show that for HPC scheme, the system＇ s IoT is well controlled to fit its pre-de- fined work area and the power efficiency is improved significantly. Our proposed scheme is also ro- bust to different settings of its inter-cell power control period.展开更多
The core function of anaphora is to serve as a substitute for a certain linguistic component in texts, but it actually has other missions such as creating the rhetorical effect--irony. However, anaphora alone cannot c...The core function of anaphora is to serve as a substitute for a certain linguistic component in texts, but it actually has other missions such as creating the rhetorical effect--irony. However, anaphora alone cannot contribute to ironic effect, and only by resorting to other resources like contextual information, can anaphora generate irony. Therefore, Yus＇ s classification of contextual sources is employed to analyze with examples how anaphora creates irony by the aid of context. Ultimately, the conclusion has been drawn that anaphora is able to produce irony with the help of six groups of contextual information classified by Yus except the category--speaker＇s nonverbal behavior and anapbora sometimes has to interact with several groups of contextual information in order to create irony.展开更多
This study examines risk reporting in annual reports of Malaysian listed companies. The mandatory and voluntary disclosures of risk information are analyzed and the authors examine whether a relationship exists betwee...This study examines risk reporting in annual reports of Malaysian listed companies. The mandatory and voluntary disclosures of risk information are analyzed and the authors examine whether a relationship exists between company size, leverage, and industry type and risk disclosure levels. 150 listed companies from five industries are selected as sample. Content analysis and risk disclosure index of dichotomous measurement are used in data collection. Overall the results indicate that level of risk information disclosed in the annual reports is still minimal. OLS （Ordinary least squares） regression analysis indicates that the level of risk information disclosure is positively associated with size and not with leverage. However, a mixed result has been found for industry type; where only property industry shows a significant relationship with level of risk disclosure, and not for the other industries. This study contributes to financial reporting literature in relation to risk reporting, particularly the practice of Malaysian companies. Findings from this study are also useful to regulators and accounting standard setting body to assess the level of compliance to regulations and standards relating to risk reporting by these companies. More studies are required to further understand the importance of risk information disclosure, such as risk disclosure within specific industry, cross-country studies and usefulness of risk information disclosure from the stakeholders＇ perspectives.展开更多
文摘LTE-A系统使用参考信号进行上行信道估计,而使用PUCCH format 2a/2b发送上行控制信息时,由于每个时隙只有一个SC-FDMA符号可以用于传输参考信号,所以此时接收端不能直接利用参考信号进行信道估计。给出了一种易实现且复杂度低的PUCCH 2a/2b的半盲检测接收算法,该算法利用ACK/NACK信息辅助信道估计。仿真结果表明,文中提出的方法能有效提高PUCCH 2a/2b的接收性能。
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China(No.2009AA011501)International S&T Cooperation Program of Shanghai Municipality(No.09530702500&10220712100)Major Project of Shanghai Municipality(No.09511501100)
文摘3 GPP LTE has approved uplink intra-cell power control and defined overload indicator （OI） for uplink inter-cell power contrQ1 to mitigate the inter-cell interference （ICI）, respectively. In this pa- per, we propose a hierarchical power control （ HPC ） scheme where intra-eell and inter-cell power controls interact with each other. The inter-cell power control eommand is generated by radio re- source management （RRM） entity according to the ICI-load model together with the current ICI and served load information. This ICI-load model is proposed as a guideline for coordination among cells to enable the system to approach its system specific interference over thermal noise （IoT） work area. Simulation results show that for HPC scheme, the system＇ s IoT is well controlled to fit its pre-de- fined work area and the power efficiency is improved significantly. Our proposed scheme is also ro- bust to different settings of its inter-cell power control period.
文摘The core function of anaphora is to serve as a substitute for a certain linguistic component in texts, but it actually has other missions such as creating the rhetorical effect--irony. However, anaphora alone cannot contribute to ironic effect, and only by resorting to other resources like contextual information, can anaphora generate irony. Therefore, Yus＇ s classification of contextual sources is employed to analyze with examples how anaphora creates irony by the aid of context. Ultimately, the conclusion has been drawn that anaphora is able to produce irony with the help of six groups of contextual information classified by Yus except the category--speaker＇s nonverbal behavior and anapbora sometimes has to interact with several groups of contextual information in order to create irony.
文摘This study examines risk reporting in annual reports of Malaysian listed companies. The mandatory and voluntary disclosures of risk information are analyzed and the authors examine whether a relationship exists between company size, leverage, and industry type and risk disclosure levels. 150 listed companies from five industries are selected as sample. Content analysis and risk disclosure index of dichotomous measurement are used in data collection. Overall the results indicate that level of risk information disclosed in the annual reports is still minimal. OLS （Ordinary least squares） regression analysis indicates that the level of risk information disclosure is positively associated with size and not with leverage. However, a mixed result has been found for industry type; where only property industry shows a significant relationship with level of risk disclosure, and not for the other industries. This study contributes to financial reporting literature in relation to risk reporting, particularly the practice of Malaysian companies. Findings from this study are also useful to regulators and accounting standard setting body to assess the level of compliance to regulations and standards relating to risk reporting by these companies. More studies are required to further understand the importance of risk information disclosure, such as risk disclosure within specific industry, cross-country studies and usefulness of risk information disclosure from the stakeholders＇ perspectives.
