幕下小脑上远外侧锁孔入路的显微解剖学观察

背景与目的:微创手术是当代神经外科的基本理念,本研究应用锁孔入路的理念,设计幕下小脑上远外侧锁孔入路,进行显微解剖学观察,为临床应用提供依据。方法:利用10具10%甲醛固定的成人尸头标本,模拟幕下小脑上远外侧锁孔手术入路:体位呈侧卧位,头向对侧旋转95°～105°,取自星点上方0.5cm,垂直于横窦的纵向下行5cm直线形切口,于星点上方钻孔,铣刀取下直径约2.5cm的骨瓣,骨窗位于横窦乙状窦交界处。切开硬膜,手术显微镜下进行显微解剖学观察。结果:向后侧牵拉小脑的天幕面,沿小脑半球前外侧缘逐渐深入,暴露岩上静脉、Meckel腔。小脑上动脉的外侧中脑段通常走行于三叉神经根内侧,从腹内侧方压迫三叉神经根部。滑车神经走行在中切迹及中后切迹交界处,包裹在环池内的蛛网膜套袖内,易于辨认。结论:幕下小脑上远外侧锁孔入路具有解剖学的可行性。应用直径约2.5cm骨窗,可达到对岩上静脉、三叉神经根、Meckel腔、中脑外侧结构的清晰显露。该入路可作为中脑外侧区域病变手术治疗的一种选择。

The Proposal of the Remedy for the Endangered Remote-Island Routes

In this study, the authors prove the necessity for the remote island route which will face the crisis of continuation in the near future in Japan, and aims at showing the concrete policy for the continuation. The new policy which shares the reserve ship which uses the traffic ship with a capacity of 12 in addition to cooperation not only with the usual liner route entrepreneur but an occasional service entrepreneur or a passenger ship, and operates until now was proposed, and the validity was shown. In this paper, as approach of the beginning for materializing the policy, it is focused on the island of the inland sea where especially population is small, and the new policy using the craft from which Japan Coast Guard retired was proposed. By this, it does not depend only on the revenue grant money by the country or a municipal corporation, but maintenance of a remote island route is attained.

Detecting Aerosols over Land from Satellites by Measuring Far IR Radiation from the Earth-Atmospheric System

In this study, a special method is proposed for detecting aerosols over land by analyzing satellitemeasured far IR radiation at three channels, 8.7, 11.5, and 12.5 lain. Sensitivity tests revealed that the behavioral features of radiative brightness temperatures （BTs） at these three channels with increasing optical depth are different among different types of aerosols. Analyzing how BTs and their differences, xBT （BT11.5-BT12.5） and YBT （BT8.7-BT11.5）, behave with varying optical depth can help to qualitatively distinguish among aerosols and semi-quantitatively estimate their optical thicknesses. In addition, the authors found that the vertical density profile of aerosols has little impact on this method.

Isolation of flavonoids from the aerial parts of Polygala tenuifolia Willd.and their antioxidant activities

The aim of this study was to isolate the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. and to determine their antioxidant activities. Ten flavonoids were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and identified as isorhamnetin-3-O-13-D-glucopyranoside （1）, isorhamnetin-3-O-13-D-galactopyranoside （2）, quercetin-3-O-13-o-glucopyranosyl （1--＊2）-I^-D-galactopyranoside （3）, quercetin-3-O-13-O-glucopyranosyl （1---~2）-13-D-glucopyranoside （4）, linarin （5）, quercetin-3-O- 13-D-glucopyranoside （6）, 5,7-dihydroxy-8-methxoyflavone-7-O-13-o-glucuronoside （7）, isorhamnetin （8）, kaempferol （9） and quercetin （10）. All these compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 1-5 and 7 were isolated from the genus of Polygala for the first time. The antioxidant activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, and compounds 3, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 10 showed potent antioxidant activities.

赣江流域新石器时代居民族属考

据现有的考古调查资料,赣境这块红土地上远在20万年前就开始有原始人类生息、繁衍,此后一直绵延不断,到新石器时代晚期,其居民的分布更是遍及江西的东、南、西、北、中,也就是说,今天江西的11个地级市和83个县(区、市)大部分都有原始居民居住,只是有的地区较密集,有的较稀疏。那么。

Spawning ascent durations of pelagic spawning reef fishes

Predation risks have been hypothesized to influence spawning behaviors of coral reef fishes that broadcast gametes pelagically. The duration of spawning ascents of 13 species were measured from video footage at a single spawning site for mul- tiple coral reef fishes to investigate ff this behavior was influenced by varying risks of predation. Fishes that spawned in pairs had as- cents of longer duration than group-spawning species. Duration of spawning ascents did not vary between fishes spawning at daytime and dusk, nor between group-spawning species with specific anti-predatory morphological adaptations. These results indicate that risk of predation may not significantly influence the duration of spawning ascents of pair spawning reef fishes at our study site, while group-spawning behaviors are influenced by predation. Avoidance of egg predation by benthic organisms and female mate choice are more likely to influence the pelagic spawning behaviors of all fishes observed [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 95-102, 2012].

Remote therapeutic effect of early nerve transposition in treatment of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy

To report a method and remote therapeutic effect of early nerve transposition in treatment of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy. Methods: From May 1995 to August 1996, 12 patients who had no recovery of biceps 3 months after birth were treated with nerve transposition. Eight had neuroma at the upper trunk and 4 had rupture or avulsion of the upper trunk. Mallet test was used to evaluate the results. Results: The follow up of 40 52 months showed that excellent and good recovery in functions was found in 75% of the patients and the excellent rate of phrenic nerve and accessory nerve transposition was 83.3 % and 66.7 % respectively. A complete recovery in shoulder and elbow joint function was in 3 patients and Mallet Ⅳ was in 6 patients. Conclusions: Satisfactory outcome can be obtained by using early nerve transposition in treating obstetrical brachial plexus.

Hαcounterparts of X-ray bright points in the solar atmosphere

X-ray bright points （XBPs） are small-scale brightenings in the solar corona. Their counterparts in the lower atmosphere, how- ever, are poorly investigated. In this paper, we study the counterparts of XBPs in the upper chromosphere where the Hot line center is formed. The XBPs were observed by the X-ray Telescope （XRT） aboard the Hinode spacecraft during the observing plan （HOP0124） in August 2009, coordinated with the Solar Magnetic Activity Research Telescope （SMART） in the Kwasan and Hida Observatory, Kyoto University. It is found that there are 77 Hot brightenings in the same field of view of XRT, and among 57 XBPs, 29 have counterparts in the Hot channel. We found three types of relationship： Types a, b and c, correspond- ing to XBPs appearing first, Hot brightenings occurring first and no respective correspondence between them. Most of the strong XBPs belong to Type a. The Hot counterparts generally have double-kernel structures associated with magnetic bipoles and are cospatial with the footpoints of the XBP loops. The average lag time is -3 minutes. This implies that for Type a the heating, presumably through magnetic reconnection, occurs first in the solar upper atmosphere and then goes downwards along the small-scale magnetic loops that comprise the XBPs. In this case, the thermal conduction plays a dominant role over the non-thermal heating. Only a few events belong to Type b, which could happen when magnetic reconnection occurs in the chromosphere and produces an upward jet which heats the upper atmosphere and causes the XBP. About half of the XBPs belong to Type c. Generally they have weak emission in SXR. About 62% Hot brightenings have no corresponding XBPs. Most of them are weak and have single structures.