不同有机无机氮配比对南阳烟区土壤碳氮及烤烟上部叶质量的影响

为探究不同有机肥与无机肥比配对南阳烟区烟草上部叶品质、改善土壤碳氮结构的作用,以烤烟品种云烟87为试验材料,以沼渣和芝麻饼肥为有机氮源,根据有机氮∶无机氮的不同配比设置6个处理[T1(0∶10,纯化肥)、T2(1∶9)、T3(2∶8)、T4(3∶7)、T5(4∶6)、T6(5∶5)],对相应的烟叶和土壤样品进行检测分析。结果表明,与T1处理相比,施用沼渣有机肥和芝麻饼肥处理的烟草叶片大小、单叶重、钾氯比、淀粉含量、产值、香气总量等均显著提升,其中T4处理烟叶的叶长、叶宽、钾离子含量、淀粉含量、均价、产值、香气总量分别较T1处理提升了9.23%、10.49%、21.79%、31.91%、21.31%、26.57%、19.92%。与T1处理相比,施用有机肥处理的土壤有机碳含量、土壤碳氮比及微生物量碳、氮含量均明显提高。在南阳烟区按照有机氮∶无机氮配比为3∶7施用沼渣有机肥和芝麻饼肥能够有效提升烟草上部叶质量、耐熟性及成熟度,并改善土壤碳氮比。

种植密度、施钾期及留叶数对烤烟上部叶质量的影响

为了寻求影响丽江市永胜县上部烟叶质量的主要栽培制约因素,为干热河谷区域大面积生产提供指导,进行了种植密度、施钾期以及留叶数试验。结果表明:种植密度以1 111株(120 cm×50 cm)、在揭膜培土时水施钾肥75 kg/hm^2、留叶数为20片的条件下,烟株的产量最高为2 351.26 kg/hm^2,产值最高为30 448.82元/hm^2,上等烟比例最高为48.32%,均价最高位12.95元/kg,净光合速率最高为14.72 mmoL/(m^2·s)。

不同碳基有机肥用量对邵阳烟区土壤及上部烟叶品质的影响

本试验以云烟87为材料,采用随机区组试验设计,设置5个碳基有机肥处理梯度(0、450、750、1050、1350 kg/hm^(2)),研究碳基有机肥用量对烟草不同生育期根际土壤速效养分、土壤酶活性及烤后烟叶品质的影响。结果表明:碳基有机肥各处理均增加土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷含量,较CK最大增幅分别达17.03%、34.49%、68.97%、121.28%、76.18%;随着碳基有机肥用量的增加,蔗糖酶、脲酶活性均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,较CK的最大增幅分别为80.53%、139.98%;碳基有机肥的施用,增加烤烟总糖、还原糖、钾含量,分别较CK最大增加2.19、3.14、0.27个百分点,钾氯比和糖碱比较CK分别显著增加10.53%和25.93%;碳基有机肥能够提升烟叶多酚物质总量、中性致香物质含量和感官质量评吸得分,均以基施1050 kg/hm^(2)处理最高,分别较CK显著增加7.35%、18.06%和4.59%。综上,本试验条件下以基施1050 kg/hm^(2)碳基有机肥对改善烟草根际土壤理化特性、提高上部烟叶品质具有较好的促进效果。

多种微生物菌剂对提高上部烟叶可用性的影响

开展烤烟喷施"农博士"微生物菌剂、"禾立方"微生物菌剂和喷施宝试验,结果表明:3种微生物菌剂均能增加烤烟上部叶叶面积,提高烟株抗性,促进上部烟叶成熟一致,易于烘烤,烤后烟叶外观质量明显改善;经济性状、单叶重、上等烟比例等均优于对照,其中以"农博士"微生物菌剂处理效果最明显。"农博士"微生物菌剂可以增加烤烟上部烟的可用性,而且表现突出,可在烤烟上推广应用。

桂阳县喷施微生物菌剂对提高上部烟可用性的影响

喷施微生物菌剂对提高上部烟可用性的影响试验结果表明:喷施福州农博士优烟1号微生物菌剂能增加烤烟上部叶叶面积,提高烟株抗性,烤后上部叶外观质量明显改善;经济性状、单叶重、上等烟比例等均优于对照;该微生物菌剂中的H1与H3,可以增加烤烟上部烟的可用性,可值得烤烟上推广应用。

Effects of Different Flue-curing Barns on Aroma Quality of Upper Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves of K326

[Objective] This study was conducted to compare the aroma quality of up-per leaves of K326 flue-cured in different barns, and provide theoretical references for the development and optimization of bulk curing barn and the supporting tech-niques. [Method] The upper leaves of K326 were flue-cured in a commonness barn, a four-shelf bulk curing barn and a three-shelf bulk curing barn separately, and then the contents of aroma components and taste quality indices of the finished leaves were measured and compared. [Result] The contents of total aroma components, chromoplast pigment degradation products, phenylalanine aroma components and neophytadiene showed no significant differences in the leaves flue-cured in four-shelf bulk curing barn and commonness barn, but were significantly or very significantly higher than those in the leaves flue-cured in three-shelf bulk curing barn. The con-tents of carotenoid degradation products, Mail ard reaction products, cembranes aro-ma components and total aroma components （except neophytadiene） showed no significant difference among the three treatments. The results of sensory evaluation revealed that the sensory taste of the leaves flue-cured in four-shelf bulk curing barn was the best, as the finished leaves had rich, delicate aroma, comfortable and clean aftertaste. The leaves flue-cured in commonness barn was better than those flue-cured in three-shelf bulk curing barn in aroma quality, amount and aftertaste. [Conclusion] The four-shelf bulk curing barn had a large volume for tobacco leaf processing, but a similar baking environment to the commonness barn, which is conducive to the formation and accumulation of aroma components, so the finished leaves had similar appearance and quality with those flue-cured in commonness barn. The upper flue-cured leaves in three-shelf bulk curing bran had poorer quality than those flue-cured in the other two barns.

Judgment of Aroma Types of Middle and Upper Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves Based on Stepwise Discriminant Analysis

[Objective] The aim of this study was to establish mathematical models for judging the aroma types of middle and upper flue-cured tobacco leaves according to the contents and proportions of aroma compositions. [Method] The aroma types of tobacco leaves were judged based on stepwise discriminant analysis, using 63 C3F and 65 B2F tobacco leaf samples from 13 tobacco producing regions in 11 provinces of China （Huili in Sichuan, Baokang in Hubei, Wulong in Chongqing, Lu- oyang in Henan, Zhucheng in Shandong, Wuyi Mountain in Fujian, Malong in Yun- nan, Chuxiong in Yunnan, Bijie in Guizhou, Liuyang in Hunan, Suiyang in Guizhou, Kaiyuan in Liaoning, Nanxiong in Guangdong） as calibration samples, and 67 aroma components as indices. And the Fisher discriminant functions were verified using 21 C3F and 19 B2F tobacco leaf samples. [Result] Variation coefficients of the propor- tions were lower than that of contents of most aroma components in middle and upper leaves of the samples, indicating that the proportions were more stable than contents of aroma components. The proportions of benzyl alcohol, solanone, β-dam- ascone, neophytadiene, farnesylacetone A, palmitic acid, thunbergol, methyl linole- nate and cembratriene-diol were all over 1% in both middle and upper leaves, al- though the dominant aroma components of the same aroma type varied between middle and upper leaves. Moreover, 11, 18, 7 and 11 aroma components were re- spectively introduced into the Fisher discriminant functions established based on the contents and proportions of middle and upper flue-cured tobacco leaves, which ex- hibited accuracy rates of 91.7%, 100%, 91.7% and 91.7% in the judgments of other tobacco leaf samples. The results revealed that the components those determined aroma types in middle leaves were obviously more than in upper leaves. In middle leaves, the accuracy rates of aroma type judgment could be improved by using the proportions rather than the contents of aroma components as indices. However, the functions based on the proportions and the contents of aroma components in upper leaves gave close accuracy rates. [Conclusion] The results of the study will provide references for identifying aroma types of flue-cured tobacco leaves in future work.