浅谈行政领导的职权下侵

行政领导有效行使职权,将极大提高行政工作效率。反之,将引起行政效率的下降。本文分析了行政领导职权下侵的弊病及其原因,提出了改变这种现象的参考措施。

越南南方民族解放陣綫中央委員会对外联絡委員会关于一九六四年五月七日、八日南越偽政权的軍队在美国指揮下侵犯柬埔寨領土一事的声明

一九六四年五月七日、八日連續两天,南越伪政权的軍队在美国指揮下,全副武裝,以裝甲車为掩护,越过边境向特洛、佩太两地进攻,扫射和劫掠高棉人民,侵犯柬埔寨的領土。

早期胃癌缩小手术适应症选择的研究

目的 探讨早期胃癌缩小手术的手术指征。方法 对147例治愈性切除的早期胃癌的临床病理资料进行对比分析。结果 147例早期胃癌淋巴结转移率为11.6％(17/147)。粘膜内癌(M癌)转移仅限于第一站淋巴结。粘膜下浸润癌(SM癌)第二站淋巴结转移度为62.5％(10/16),限于No7、8a淋巴结。Ⅱa型及Ⅱb型M癌未发现转移,而Ⅰ型,Ⅱc型Ⅲ型(主要是SM癌)有较高转移率。分化型癌的淋巴转移率为8.9％(9/101),低于未分化型17.4％(8/46)。癌灶内不伴有溃疡的早期癌淋巴结转移率为6.9％,伴有溃疡者转移率明显增高为18.3％。结论 M癌是缩小手术的最好指征。SM癌大多不适合缩小手术,应将开腹标准根治术(D_2)作为其基本术式;但对≤10mm的分化型SM癌可考虑开腹缩小手术(D_1+a)。

水-气界面下低速流体条带的喷射行为

对剪切水－气界面下湍流低速条带的喷射现象进行了细致的观测．喷射过程中,条带的一部分迅速离开水面近区下侵,与深层高速流动发生激烈的相互作用．这意味着条带喷射对水面剪切层中的湍流输运有重要影响．根据流动显示的图像资料获得的定量结果揭示出喷射行为的基本特征,包括喷射频率、喷射流体的轨迹和速度分布等．文中将这些特征与固壁湍流边界层中的对应情形作了比较．实验观察和喷射、猝发事件的时间分布特点表明,低速条带喷射是猝发过程的组成部分,喷射的时间间隔一般显著小于猝发,两种现象的出现都具有很强的随机性．将喷射与湍动能产生率的空间分布作比较,它们的形状极为相似,反映出喷射过程可能是水面附近湍流的主要贡献者．

眼球筋膜囊下麻醉在斜视手术中眼心反射观察

目的观察眼球筋膜囊下麻醉对局部麻醉下斜视手术中的眼心反射(OCR)影响。方法选择80例局部麻醉手术的水平性斜视患者,分成实验组和对照组各40例,用0.75%罗哌卡因混合2%利多卡因分别作眼球筋膜囊下麻醉和结膜下浸润麻醉,并记录扣取肌肉时OCR的发生情况。结果 80例患者均能在局部麻醉下顺利完成手术,实验组牵拉内直肌36条,发生OCR 16次,牵拉外直肌38条,发生OCR 10次;对照组牵拉内直肌38条,发生OCR 26次,牵拉外直肌38条,发生OCR 22次,两组间牵拉肌肉引起的OCR发生率差异有显著统计学意义(实验组35%,对照组63%,P<0.05),而两组间OCR等级差异无显著统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论眼球筋膜囊下麻醉在局麻斜视手术中具有较低OCR发生率,是一种安全有效的斜视手术麻醉方法,值得推广应用。

Analysis on the Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater and the Formation Reason in Wadi Bay Area of Libya

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the formation reason of groundwater hydrochemical characteristics in the dry valley area of Wadi Bay of Libya and provide the scientific basis for the reasonable development utilization and the environmental protection of groundwater.[Method] Took Wadi Bay area（dry valley）of Libya as the example,Piper trilinear graphic representation method,the descriptive statistics,the ion ratio coefficient method and the isotope evidence were used to systematically study the special hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater in the arid climate condition in Wadi Bay area of Libya.[Result] The salt content of groundwater in the area was very high,and TDS was during 3.2-8.4 g/L.The main groundwater type was Cl·SO4-Na·Ca,then was Cl·SO4-Na·Ca·Mg.The concentrations of Cl-,Na＋ and SO2-4,etc.in the groundwater in 70 km from the sea had the remarkable variation,but the concentrations of Mn2＋,Ba2＋,Si2＋,NH＋4 and NO-3 didn＇t have the same variation phenomenon.[Conclusion] The hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater didn＇t relate to the dissolution infiltration reaction,the evaporation concentration effect and human activities.The major cause was the mixing effect of salt and fresh water in the invasion process of seawater.

Research Progress of Soil Loss in Karst Areas under the Dual Structure of Southwest China

The research progress of soil loss under the dual structure of southwest karst is systematically studied. The results show that the research of the soil erosion in karst mountainous area started late, and the basic research is lagging. Most of the existing research results focus on the present situation, causes and control measures of surface erosion. The view of underground soil loss in the context of karst diploid structure has been recognized by most scholars. However, limited to the research methods and the lack of observational data, the way of underground soil loss, the amount of loss and its harm are still unclear. Therefore, seeking the necessary technical means to carry out the necessary field observation from the way and process of loss is the focus of the study of soil loss under karst structure in the future.

Synoptic-scale potential vorticity intrusion over northeastern China during winter and its influence on surface air temperature

A regional potential vorticity(PV)intrusion(PVI)(RPVI)index,defined as the sum of the numbers of grids containing PVI within a certain area for each day,is used to reflect the day-to-day PVI variability over northeastern China during winter from 1979 to 2016.The synoptic-scale PVI variations and resultant surface air temperature(SAT)anomalies are identified by comparing the high and low RPVI index cases.In high(low)RPVI cases,significantly strong positive(negative)PV anomalies are found in the stratospheric midlatitudes,which intrude downward mostly within 90°–110°E into the upper troposphere to reach around 300 hPa and extend eastward to the east of 120°E,forcing an anomalous cyclonic(anticyclonic)circulation in the middle and lower troposphere over East Asia,with the anomalous northerlies(southerlies)of the forced lower-tropospheric cyclone(anticyclone)leading to significant negative(positive)SAT anomalies of less(greater)than-0.9°C(0.9°C),especially over northeastern China.In the stratosphere,the positive(negative)midlatitude PV anomalies over northern China are actually associated with a weakening(strengthening)of the polar vortex over the Eurasian continent for the high(low)RPVI cases,resulting mostly from positive(negative)barotropic vorticity anomalies associated with static stability due to the meridional shear of anomalous zonal winds on the southern side of the anomalous Eurasian anticyclone(cyclone).

Lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer with submucosal invasion:Feasibility of minimally invasive surgery

AIM:To explore the feasibility of pertorming minimally invasive surgery(MIS)on subsets of submucosal gastric cancers that are unlikely to have regional lymph node metastasis. METHODS:A total of 105 patients underwent radical gastrectomy with lymph node dissection for submucosal gastric cancer at our hospital from January 1995 to December 1995.Besides investigating many clinicopathological features such as tumor size,gross appearance,and differentiation, we measured the depth of invasion into submucosa minutely and analyzed the clinicopathologic features of these patients regarding lymph node metastasis. RESULTS:The rate of lymph node metastasis in cases where the depth of invasion was<500 μm,500-2 000 μm,or >2 000 μm was 9%(2/23),19%(7136),and 33%(15/46), respectively(P<0.05).In univariate analysis,no significant correlation was found between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological characteristics such as age,sex,tumor location,gross appearance,tumor differentiation,Lauren's classification,and lymphatic invasion.In multivariate analysis, tumor size(>4 cm vs≤2 cm,odds ratio=4.80, P=0.04)and depth of invasion(>2 000 μm vs ≤500 μm, odds ratio=6.81,P=0.02)were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis.Combining the depth and size in cases where the depth of invasion was less than 500 μm, we found that lymph node metastasis occurred where the tumor size was greater than 4 cm.In cases where the tumor size was less than 2 cm,lymph node metastasis was found only where the depth of tumor invasion was more than 2 000 μm. CONCLUSION:MIS can be applied to submucosal gastric cancer that is less than 2 cm in size and 500 μm in depth.

A Field Investigation on the Effects of Background Erosion on the Free Span Development of a Submarine Pipeline

The safety of submarine pipelines is largely influenced by free spans and corrosions. Previous studies on free spans caused by seabed scours are mainly based on the stable environment, where the background seabed scour is in equilibrium and the soil is homogeneous. To study the effects of background erosion on the free span development of subsea pipelines, a submarine pipe- line located at the abandoned Yellow River subaqueous delta lobe was investigated with an integrated surveying system which in- eluded a Multibeam bathymetric system, a dual-frequency side-scan sonar, a high resolution sub-bottom profiler, and a Magnetic Flux Leakage （MFL） sensor. We found that seabed homogeneity has a great influence on the free span development of the pipeline. More specifically, for homogeneous background scours, the morphology of scour hole below the pipeline is quite similar to that without the background scour, whereas for inhomogeneous background scour, the nature of spanning is mainly dependent on the evolution of seabed morphology near the pipeline. Magnetic Flux Leakage （MFL） detection results also reveal the possible connec- tion between long free spans and accelerated corrosion of the pipeline.

Prolapse gastropathy syndrome may be a predictor of pathologic acid reflux

AIM： To assess the occurrence of gastric acid reflux into the esophagus in endoscopically confirmed prolapse gastropathy syndrome （PGS）. METHODS： Using ambulatory esophageal pH measurement （BRAVOTM wireless esophageal pH monitoring system）, twenty-six patients with PGS were compared with twenty-one patients with erosive esophagitis （EE） as controls. We assessed several reflux parameters, including the percentage of total time at pH 〈 4, and the DeMeester score. RESULTS： There were no statistical differences between the PGS group and the EE group as to mean age, sex ratio and pH recording time. The EE group showed more severe reflux than the PGS group, as evaluated in terms of the longest duration of reflux, the number of reflux episodes, the number of reflux episodes lasting 〉 5 min, the total time with pH 〈 4 during acid reflux episodes, and the DeMeester score, but none of these parameters showed statistically significant difference. Although 53.8% （14/26） of the PGS group and 76.2% （16/22） of the EE group demonstrated pathologic acid reflux （DeMeester score 〉 14.72）, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of pathologic acid reflux （P = 0.11）. CONCLUSION： There was no statistically significant difference in pathologic acid reflux between the PGS and EE group. These data suggest that endoscopically diagnosed PGS might be a predictor of pathologic acid reflux.

Soil Erosion Characteristics According to Tree-rings in a Karst Area

Dendrogeomorphological method was used to study soil erosion in two typical karst sites （Puding and Zhengfeng） in Guizhou Province, China. Eleven pairs of exposed and unexposed tree roots were measured in the field and sampled for anatomical characteristics. The results showed that the exposed roots recorded karst soil erosion. Significant changes were shown in the anatomical characteristics of the exposed tree roots when soil erosion occurred, such as suddenly narrower tree rings, smaller cells, and fewer earlywood cells. Meanwhile, the fabre lumen and vessel lumen areas markedly declined to the range of 39.20% to 70.66%, which only slightly implies soil erosion. The accurate time period during which soil erosion occurred was identified and combined with the age of the tree roots. Dynamics of soil erosion were calculated and soil erosion recorded by the exposed roots from 2002 to 2007 at an average rate of 0.484 t y^-1 at Puding, and from 2005 to 2007 at an average rate of 0.051 t y^-1 at Zhenfeng. Karst soil erosion was recorded by not only one species but by multi species of broadleaf tree roots, which can significantly enhance the study of karst soil erosion through the use of Dendrogeomorphological method. The quantity of eroded soil was found to be extremely large when records from the exposed tree roots were compared with estimates from site measurements of runoff. The major type of karst soil erosion was underground soil loss and this comprised approximately 2/3 of total erosion.

波密寻梦

千百年的呼唤,你终于昂首挺胸向我走来,走出一片繁荣,走进一园丰收,忽绿的山更点缀出你如霞的艳丽,幽清的河显幻出您卓越的风姿,走过的丘陵记下你黎明的传奇,涉过的江水诉说你前程的光明,你是祖先喝彻的尊严,波密——你蕴含着人世间最原始的纯朴、孕育出宇宙间最壮丽的景观。山是你的魂。

Potential effects of climate change on a marine invasion： The importance of current context

Species invasions threaten marine biodiversity globally. There is a concern that climate change is exacerbating this problem. Here, we examined some of the potential effects of warming water temperatures on the invasion of Western Atlantic habitats by a marine predator, the Indo-Pacific lionfish （Pterois volitans and P. miles）. We focussed on two temperature-dependent aspects of lionfish life-history and behaviour： pelagic larval duration, because of its link to dispersal potential, and prey consump- tion rate, because it is an important determinant of the impacts of lionfish on native prey. Using models derived from fundamental metabolic theory, we predict that the length of time spent by lionfish in the plankton in early life should decrease with warming temperatures, with a concomitant reduction in potential dispersal distance. Although the uncertainty around change in dispersal distances is large, predicted reductions are, on average, more than an order of magnitude smaller than the current rate of range expansion of lionfisli in the Caribbean. Nevertheless, because shorter pelagic larval duration has the potential to increase local re- tention of larvae, local lionfish management will become increasingly important under projected climate change. Increasing tem- perature is also expected to worsen the current imbalance between rates of prey consumption by lionfish and biomass production by their prey, leading to a heightened decline in native reef fish biomass. However, the magnitude of climate-induced decline is predicted to be minor compared to the effect of current rates of lionfish population increases （and hence overall prey consumption rates） on invaded reefs. Placing the predicted effects of climate change in the current context thus reveals that, at least for the lionfish invasion, the threat is clear and present, rather than future [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 1-8, 2012].

A deep stratospheric intrusion associated with an intense cut-off low event over East Asia

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis Interim(ERA-Interim)reanalysis data and satellite data,and trajectory model were applied to analyze the dynamical,thermo-dynamical,and chemical structure in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere(UTLS)of an intense cut-off low(COL)event occurring over East Asia during June 19-23,2010,and to characterize the process and transport pathway of deep stratospheric intrusion.The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder(AIRS)ozone data and the Global Positioning System Ozone(GPSO3)sonde data showed that the air mass originating from the polar formed a region with relatively high values of potential vorticity(PV)and ozone in the center of COL,and a secondary ozone peak appeared in the upper troposphere during mature stage of the COL.Forward trajectory simulation suggested that during the first stage of COL,deep stratospheric intrusion associated with strong northerly wind jet on the west side of the upper-level trough transported ozone-rich air from the polar lower stratosphere into the middle and lower troposphere in the mid-latitude,and increased the ozone concentration there.During the mature stage of the COL,stratospheric air was transported counterclockwise into the troposphere.Backward trajectory model was used to find the source regions of air mass within the COL during its mature stage.Model results show that air masses with high ozone concentration in the center of the COL have two source regions:one is the subpolar vortex which lies in northern part of Center Siberia,where ozone-rich air plays a major role in increasing the ozone concentrations,and the other is the strong shear region which is near by the cyclonic side of the extratropical jet axis(west of 90°E,near 50°N).The air masses with low ozone concentration around the COL also have two source regions:one is the anticyclonic side of the extratropical jet axis,where the air mass with the relatively low ozone concentration at the bottom of the COL is mainly controlled by horizontal movement,and the other is the warm area of the south side of COL,where the air mass on the east and west side of the COL is mainly dominated by upward motion.