《金匮要略》攻下剂探析

分析《金匮要略》攻下剂组方规律 ;对《金匮要略》攻下剂二十四方进行归纳总结 ,在分析治法的同时 ,探讨其理论依据 ;《金匮要略》攻下剂包括攻下行气、攻下泄热、攻下逐饮、攻下逐瘀、缓下润燥、温里攻下、攻下止呕、峻下去积等八种治法 ;攻下剂是通过通腑、安脏、祛邪等方面达到治愈疾病的目的 .

外台对伤寒论解表通下剂的发展

《外台》卷一、卷二载录了部分《伤寒论》方剂。以及在六经辨证理论指导下变通而来的方剂。这些“新方”源于《伤寒论》，但又较之有更大的灵活性。它是晋唐医家治疗经验的结晶。具有较高的临床实用价值。

推动建立医疗行业社会契约,给无序下剂猛药--访北京协和医学院公共卫生学院院长、中国老年保健协会会长刘远立

“我国医改进行多年,为何越改越感觉不开心这是因为我们没抓住最核心的问题.”北京协和医学院公共卫生学院院长、中国老年保健协会会长刘远立教授如是说.我国正在迈向法制化进程当中,其中最重要的工作是要在各行各业建立健全社会契约.即是说,破坏的契约要重新建立,已有的契约要加强.

通腹汤配合西药治疗粘连性肠梗阻31例

目的:观察峻下行气、润肠通腹类中药配伍治疗粘链性肠梗阻的疗效。方法:采用通腹汤(大黄、炒莱菔子、厚朴、桃仁、火麻仁、郁李仁、枳实、槟榔、连翘、陈皮、甘草、芒硝)配合西药治疗本病31例。结果:总有效率100%。结论:本方法对本病有峻下行气,润肠通腹的功效。

消渴便秘方治疗糖尿病性便秘115例

目的:观察益气滋阴、润肠通便类中药治疗糖尿病性便秘的疗效。方法:采用消渴便秘方(生黄芪、金银花、当归、白芍、威灵仙、火麻仁、肉苁蓉、厚朴、酒大黄)治疗本病115例,结果:总有效率为96.5%。提示:本方法对本病有益气滋阴,润肠通便的功效。

止痛如神汤治疗68例肛门直肠疾病术后疼痛

目的:观察清热、活血、祛风、润肠类中药配伍,治疗肛门直肠疾病术后疼痛的疗效。方法:采用止痛如神汤(秦艽、桃仁、皂角、熟大黄、炒苍术、防风等)治疗68肛门直肠疾病术后患者。结果:总有效率为97.1%。结论:止痛如神汤具有清热化湿、祛风活血、润肠通便的作用,能明显缓解直肠肛门术后疼痛,减轻痛苦,促进伤口愈合。

润肠丸治疗老年性便秘200例

目的:观察养血滋阴、润肠通便类中药配伍治疗老年性便秘的疗效。方法:采用润肠丸(当归、太子参、桑椹子、生首乌、桃仁、枸杞、肉丛蓉、草决明、牛膝等)治疗本病200例;结果:总有效率为99%。提示:本方法对本病具有养血润肠,补肾通便的功效。

大承气汤加减配合西药治疗腹部创伤术后135例

目的:观察泄热通腑、攻下降浊类中药配合西药治疗腹部创伤术后的疗效。方法:采用大承气汤加减(生大黄、芒硝、枳实、厚朴、生黄芪、当归、白芍、川芎、香附、川楝子、莱菔子等)配合西药治疗本病135例。结果:痊愈133例,治愈率98.6%。结论:本方法对本病有泄热通腑,攻下降浊的功效;可促进术后患者肠功能的恢复,减少术后并发症发生的机率。

Tracer Experimental Study of the Main Conveying Conduits of CCl_4 Pollutant in the Qiligou Water Supply Resource

The Ordovician karst groundwater in the Qiligou basin is an important water supply source. This groundwater has been seriously contaminated in recent years by Cfl4 from a pesticide plant located in the recharge area. The highest concentration of CCl4 in the groundwater is 3909.2μg/L. Large scale tracer experiments were carried out to study the conveying conduits for Cfl4 in the basin on May 1-6, 2005. Nontoxic, edible glucose was used as a tracer and it was detected by spectrophotometric techniques. Well area of the basin, was employed for injecting the tracer X-61, located near the pesticide plant in the southern recharge Ten wells widely located in the groundwater runoff area were used as observing and sampling wells. The results show that the migration of the pollutants is controlled by the water hydrodynamic field and by the development of karst conduits. The tracer did not enter the up-drainage wells, X-49 and X-47, near the injection point because the water levels at these wells are higher than at the injection point. The adjacent well X-62 is close to the injection site, but the tracer reached the well after eleven hours. Wells X-43, X-59, X-58, YY-1 and X-57, located in the syncline axis runoff area, are respectively 2.5, 3.5, 4.33, 4.38 and 5.44 kilometers from the in- jection site. The time for initial appearance of tracer was 4, 4, 2, 6 and 4 hours, respectively. The maximum runoff velocity （well X-58） is over two kilometers per hour, indicating that the karst conduits are well developed along the syncline basin axis. These conduits are the main conveying conduits for groundwater and Cfl4. Closer wells were not necessarily the first to receive tracer. This shows the inhomogeneity in karst development which causes complex runoff, and pollutant migration, patterns.

A new design of foaming agent mixing device for a pneumatic foaming system used for mine dust suppression

To overcome the drawbacks of the conventional foam technology used for dust suppression,including large pressure loss,high water pressure and low driving pressure,a new pneumatic foaming system is introduced.Then an original design of foaming agent mixing device is proposed,and its performance is investigated and evaluated under different pressure compensations.Experimental results show that the maximum absorption amount increases by 2.9-6.7 times at a pressure compensation of 0.04-0.2 MPa compared with no pressure compensation.The pressure loss and pressure fluctuation both reduce significantly with increasing pressure compensation.The critical outlet pressure increases by30.4-240%.Field application indicates that the proposed mixing device ensures the reliable addition of foaming agent used for foam dust suppression.The effect of foam on dust suppression is remarkable,and the economic cost of foam is low.Therefore,there is reason to believe that the new mixing device will greatly promote foam technology to be widely used for suppressing dust in underground coal mines.

Study on Application of Pour Point Depressant for Diesel Fuel

Taking into account the actual crude slate processed at the refinery, it is necessary to make reasonable combination and blending of crude oils. In order to cope with high wax content in diesel fuel it is proposed to appropriately regulate the refining process scheme and add additives to refined products. This measure after being applied in the production practice has brought about good results and has met the needs of commercial production.

A contrast study on different gasifying agents of underground coal gasification at Huating Coal Mine

To optimize the technological parameter of underground coal gasification （UCG）, the experimental results of air gasification, air-steam gasification, oxygen-enrichment steam gasification, pure oxygen steam gasification and two-stage gasification were studied contrastively based on field trial at the Huating UCG project. The results indicate that the average low heat value of gas from air experiment is the lowest （4.1 MJ/Nm3） and the water gas from two-stage gasification experiment is the highest （10.72 MJ/Nm3）. The gas productivity of air gasification is the highest and the pure oxygen steam gasification is the lowest. The gasification efficiency of air gasification, air-steam gasification, oxygen-enriched steam gasification, pure oxygen steam gasification and two-stage gasification is listed in ascending order, ranging from 69.88% to 84.81%. Described a contract study on results of a field test using steam and various levels of oxygen enrichment of 21%, 32%, 42% and 100%. The results show that, with the increasing of O2 content in gasifying agents, the gas caloricity rises, and the optimal O2 concentration range to increase the gas caloricity is 30%-40%. Meanwhile, the consumption of O2 and steam increase, and the air consumption and steam decomposition efficiency fall.

Influence of flux additives on iron ore oxidized pellets

Six additives,i.e.,limestone,lime,magnesite,magnesia,dolomite and light-burned-dolomite,were added for investigating their influences on the pellet quality.For green balls,adding lime and light-burned-dolomite makes the wet drop strength decrease firstly,and then increase with further increase of additive dosage.Ca(OH)2 affects the bentonite properties at the beginning,but the binding property of Ca(OH)2 will be main when the dosage is higher.The other four additives decrease the drop strength for their disadvantageous physical properties.For preheated pellets,no mater what kind of additive is added,the compressive strength will be decreased because of unmineralized additives.For roasted pellets,calcium additives can form binding phase of calcium-ferrite,and suitable liquid phase will improve recrystallization of hematite,but excessive liquid will destroy the structure of pellets,so the compressive strength of pellet increases firstly and then drops.When adding magnesium additives,the strength will be decreased because of the oxidation of magnetite retarded by MgO.

Protection Efficacy of Recombinant Infectious Laryngotracheitis Vaccine in Chicks

A commercial recombinant fowl pox vectored infectious laryngotracheitis （ILT） vaccine was examined its protection efficacy in one-day-old chicks by subcutaneous route with various dose-strength. The treatment groups I-III birds were vaccinated with a full, 1/2 and 1/3 dose of recommendation dose, respectively. Thereafter, at 6 wk post vaccination, they were challenged with 5x labeled dose of live ILT vaccine. Protection efficacy of the vaccine was compared among groups based on antibody production and eye lesion score. The results of eye lesion score showed that there was a significant difference between control and treatment groups, whereas the difference was not found among the treatment groups. For seroconversion, there was no significant difference between birds in group I and II. However, higher number of seroconversion birds in groups I and II than group III was observed （P 〈 0.05）. It was concluded that a half dose of recommendation dose had the same protection efficacy as a full dose of recombinant YP-LT vaccine.

A new adding method of foaming agent used for foam dust suppression in underground coal mines

To realize a stable addition of foaming agent used for foam technology, a new adding method using the jet cavitation was introduced, and its performance was investigated experimentally under different operating conditions. Experimental results show that the bubble region in the jet device has a constant vapor pressure, which creates a good condition for liquid absorption, while it shrinks with increasing outlet pressure. The liquid absorption amount keeps unchanged when the outlet pressure is lower than a critical value. The critical outlet pressure increases by 40% with decreasing cavitation absorption amount, which is especially suitable for mini-flow quantitative addition of foaming agent used for foam dust suppression. Its effectiveness on suppressing mine dust was evaluated in a heading face of underground coal mines. Field application indicates that the reliable and simple foaming system adopting the new adding method makes a marked dust suppression effect. The working environment of heading face is significantly improved, ensuring the safe tunneling and personal security.

Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activity of the Herbals Formula Viranur, Turmeric （Curcuma heyneana Val.） and Phyllanthus （Phyllanthus niruri L.） in Layer Chicken Vaccinated with Avian Influenza

The aim of this research was to know the effect of herbal as immunomodulator on chicken layer vaccinated with avian influenza. A total of 60 chickens were alloted into three treatment groups： control group （KA）, group KB and group KC, with 20 chicken each group. All the chickens were vaccinated with Newcastle disease （ND） in the age of one week, and a week later they were vaccinated with avian influenza （AI）. The chickens in group KB were drunken with herbal solution containing of 5 g turmeric （Curcuma heyneana Val.） and 25 g phyllanthus （Phyllanthus niruri L.） and group KC were drunken with herbal solution containing of 36 g the herbals formula Viranur and 25 g phyllanthus （Phyllanthus niruri L.）, respectively for four weeks. Thirty days after AI vaccinated, all of chicken were weighed and necropsied. Samples from bursa of Fabricius, tymus and spleen were taken for weighing and histopathological examination. The weight indexs of bursa of Fabricius, tymus and spleen were not significantly different between control group and treatment group in the considered statistically significance （P 〉 0.05）, but the treatment groups （KB and KC） had higher weight index. The histopathologically changes of spleen in both control group and treatment groups were not different, although in the group KC, in bursa of Fabricius, there was lymphocyte increase in its lymphoid follicles; and in the group KB and KC, the tymus were more widening in the cortex than medulla. The conclusion of this study showed that the herbals can stimulate lymphocyte activity.

Anti-TNF-αtreatment in Behcet's disease with cerebral vasculitis:a case report

A 27 year-old male patient was diagnosed with Behcet＇s disease cortex）, （TNF） which resulted in reduced visual acuity and field of vision. This alpha blocker therapy on Behcet＇s cerebral vasculitis （BD） case and posterior visual pathway demonstrates the effect of tum affection （visual or necrosis factor

Tracer Testing Strategies for Effective Design and Implementation of in Situ Groundwater Remediation

The effectiveness of an injection-based remediation strategy is primarily governed by accurate understanding of reagent delivery and ensuring uniform distribution within the reactive zone. In IRZ （in situ reactive zone） design, the required reagent strength, injection volumes, injection rates, injection frequency, injection and monitoring well spacing, and the cost and time to achieve remediation goals are governed by the hydrogeology of the site. A properly designed tracer test is capable of providing critical above mentioned site-specific information, to assist with full scale design of an IRZ. This paper describes that implementing tracer testing to support remedial design can result in enhanced design efficiency, added assurance in full-scale implementation and ultimately resulted in substantial cost savings. Therefore, it is recommended that the broader practitioner community adopt this technique as a best practice for effective and optimum in situ remediation system design.

Two Phase Pressure Drop Performance of Refrigerant in a Small Horizontal Smooth Tube with 2.5 mm inside Diameter

Two-phase flow pressure drop measurements were made during the phase change heat transfer process of R22 in a small horizontal smooth tube with 2.5 mm inside diameter. Conclusions can be drawn that the quality corresponding to the pressure gradient peak value of small tubes became higher than that of large tubes. The effect of quality to pressure drop becomes weak as the mass flux increases. The experiment data were compared with the predicated values of the state-of-the-art correlations from the open literature. The comparisons between the data and the predictions indicate that most of the state-of-the-art correlations fails to predict the experimental data. Chisholm model shows a relatively better predictive ability than the other empirical correlations although it has a mean deviation of 26.7%. But the predicated values of Chisholm model are lower by 50% than the experimental data when the quality becomes larger.