A 27 year-old male patient was diagnosed with Behcet＇s disease cortex）, （TNF） which resulted in reduced visual acuity and field of vision. This alpha blocker therapy on Behcet＇s cerebral vasculitis （BD） case a...A 27 year-old male patient was diagnosed with Behcet＇s disease cortex）, （TNF） which resulted in reduced visual acuity and field of vision. This alpha blocker therapy on Behcet＇s cerebral vasculitis （BD） case and posterior visual pathway demonstrates the effect of tum affection （visual or necrosis factor展开更多
Groundwater is the primary water source in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. As result of lack of basic knowledge on irrigation practices, massive abstractions of groundwater occurred in 1980＇s. A Decision Support Linear ...Groundwater is the primary water source in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. As result of lack of basic knowledge on irrigation practices, massive abstractions of groundwater occurred in 1980＇s. A Decision Support Linear Goal Programming （LGP） model was developed to determine optimal groundwater irrigation levels, to assess the implications for water management policies, and to estimate welfare impact on producer surplus. Due to the reductions of groundwater in 1980＇s, the Al-Wajid aquifer water levels have dropped in agricultural areas by more than 200 m. Results from this study estimate that the total groundwater of the Al-Wajid aquifer that can be saved is equal to 66 MCM for the first scenario, 147 MCM for the second scenario, and 229 MCM for the third scenario. Regarding the welfare analysis impacts, it is clear that the total gross margin is decreasing up to 7.7% at the end of the year of scenario Ⅲ. Therefore, the third scenario with a water saving increase to 18.1% is recommended as a directive for agricultural policy formation in the future.展开更多
This paper aims to advance previous studies on the iron and manganese content in groundwater of Rrogozhina aquifer （western Albania） and to show the factors which control the content of both iron and manganese in gr...This paper aims to advance previous studies on the iron and manganese content in groundwater of Rrogozhina aquifer （western Albania） and to show the factors which control the content of both iron and manganese in groundwater of this aquifer. Rrogozhina aquifer represents an important groundwater source of the country whose relevance was highly increased during recent years because of the demographic expansion in this region. This is a typically multi-layered artesian aquifer which consists of sandstone and conglomerate with high heterogeneous permeability. The groundwater mostly belongs to HCO3-Mg-Ca hydrochemical type. The content of soluble iron and manganese in groundwater ranges from 0.004 mg/L to 0.7 mg/L, and from 0.0 mg/L to 1.147 mg/L, respectively. Deeper the groundwater occurs and longer the distance from the recharge zone, higher is the content of Fe2＋ in groundwater due to gradual depletion of Oe in groundwater. The content of iron is higher than that WHO and EU recommended, which were 21% and 25% respectively, while the content of manganese were 17% and 23%, respectively. Abstraction of groundwater with high quantities by deeper wells would be accompanied by increase of dissolved iron and manganese content in groundwater which should be treated （with aeration） in order to decrease the content of these two elements in the water before using it.展开更多
Saudi Arabia has achieved extensive development and expansion in agriculture sector and achieved self sufficiency in a number of agricultural crops including wheat, fodders, dates, some vegetables and fruits. Consider...Saudi Arabia has achieved extensive development and expansion in agriculture sector and achieved self sufficiency in a number of agricultural crops including wheat, fodders, dates, some vegetables and fruits. Considering the future growing need for food and water, government of Saudi Arabia has formulated and implemented a number of policy reforms for conservation, optimal utilization and sustainable development of natural resources of the Kingdom. The present study focuses on potential future impacts on natural resources conservations and strategic planning due to recent policy reforms （Council of Ministers （CoM） on Water Resources Management and Conservation （Decision No. 335）） issued on September 2008. The modeling of wheat agriculture was performed based on detailed analysis of water application practices in wheat growing regions/districts and future projection of wheat irrigation in context of recent government water resources conservation strategy. The results clearly indicated a significant positive impact will be occurred in terms of huge relief on highly stressed and limited national strategic groundwater resources. The present study estimated a saving and conservation of more than 51.0 billion cubic meters （BCM） of non-renewable groundwater resources during next 11 years.展开更多
文摘A 27 year-old male patient was diagnosed with Behcet＇s disease cortex）, （TNF） which resulted in reduced visual acuity and field of vision. This alpha blocker therapy on Behcet＇s cerebral vasculitis （BD） case and posterior visual pathway demonstrates the effect of tum affection （visual or necrosis factor
文摘Groundwater is the primary water source in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. As result of lack of basic knowledge on irrigation practices, massive abstractions of groundwater occurred in 1980＇s. A Decision Support Linear Goal Programming （LGP） model was developed to determine optimal groundwater irrigation levels, to assess the implications for water management policies, and to estimate welfare impact on producer surplus. Due to the reductions of groundwater in 1980＇s, the Al-Wajid aquifer water levels have dropped in agricultural areas by more than 200 m. Results from this study estimate that the total groundwater of the Al-Wajid aquifer that can be saved is equal to 66 MCM for the first scenario, 147 MCM for the second scenario, and 229 MCM for the third scenario. Regarding the welfare analysis impacts, it is clear that the total gross margin is decreasing up to 7.7% at the end of the year of scenario Ⅲ. Therefore, the third scenario with a water saving increase to 18.1% is recommended as a directive for agricultural policy formation in the future.
文摘This paper aims to advance previous studies on the iron and manganese content in groundwater of Rrogozhina aquifer （western Albania） and to show the factors which control the content of both iron and manganese in groundwater of this aquifer. Rrogozhina aquifer represents an important groundwater source of the country whose relevance was highly increased during recent years because of the demographic expansion in this region. This is a typically multi-layered artesian aquifer which consists of sandstone and conglomerate with high heterogeneous permeability. The groundwater mostly belongs to HCO3-Mg-Ca hydrochemical type. The content of soluble iron and manganese in groundwater ranges from 0.004 mg/L to 0.7 mg/L, and from 0.0 mg/L to 1.147 mg/L, respectively. Deeper the groundwater occurs and longer the distance from the recharge zone, higher is the content of Fe2＋ in groundwater due to gradual depletion of Oe in groundwater. The content of iron is higher than that WHO and EU recommended, which were 21% and 25% respectively, while the content of manganese were 17% and 23%, respectively. Abstraction of groundwater with high quantities by deeper wells would be accompanied by increase of dissolved iron and manganese content in groundwater which should be treated （with aeration） in order to decrease the content of these two elements in the water before using it.
文摘Saudi Arabia has achieved extensive development and expansion in agriculture sector and achieved self sufficiency in a number of agricultural crops including wheat, fodders, dates, some vegetables and fruits. Considering the future growing need for food and water, government of Saudi Arabia has formulated and implemented a number of policy reforms for conservation, optimal utilization and sustainable development of natural resources of the Kingdom. The present study focuses on potential future impacts on natural resources conservations and strategic planning due to recent policy reforms （Council of Ministers （CoM） on Water Resources Management and Conservation （Decision No. 335）） issued on September 2008. The modeling of wheat agriculture was performed based on detailed analysis of water application practices in wheat growing regions/districts and future projection of wheat irrigation in context of recent government water resources conservation strategy. The results clearly indicated a significant positive impact will be occurred in terms of huge relief on highly stressed and limited national strategic groundwater resources. The present study estimated a saving and conservation of more than 51.0 billion cubic meters （BCM） of non-renewable groundwater resources during next 11 years.
