A route optimization methodology in the frame of an onboard decision support/guidance system for the ship＇s master has been developed and is presented in this paper. The method aims at the minimization of the fuel vo...A route optimization methodology in the frame of an onboard decision support/guidance system for the ship＇s master has been developed and is presented in this paper. The method aims at the minimization of the fuel voyage cost and the risks related to the ship＇s seakeeping performance expected to be within acceptable limits of voyage duration. Parts of this methodology were implemented by interfacing alternative probability assessment methods, such as Monte Carlo, first order reliability method （FORM） and second order reliability method （SORM）, and a 3-D seakeeping code, including a software tool for the calculation of the added resistance in waves of NTUA-SDL. The entire system was integrated within the probabilistic analysis software PROBAN. Two of the main modules for the calculation of added resistance and the probabilistic assessment for the considered seakeeping hazards with respect to exceedance levels of predefined threshold values are herein elaborated and validation studies proved their efficiency in view of their implementation into an on-board optimization system.展开更多
Prenatal glucocorticoids （GCs） have been used to induce maturation of preterm fetal lungs and prevent the development of respiratory distress syndrome of the premature. Pulmonary surfactant induction has been regard...Prenatal glucocorticoids （GCs） have been used to induce maturation of preterm fetal lungs and prevent the development of respiratory distress syndrome of the premature. Pulmonary surfactant induction has been regarded as the most important effect of prenatal GCs. However, report about the prolonged effects of prenatal GCs on the development of rat lung is of limited. In this study, we tried to investigate the acute and chronic modulation effects of prenatal dexamethasone （DEX） to asymmetric dimethylarginine （ADMA）/nitric oxide （NO） signal pathway of lung tissue. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats at gestational day 14-20 were administered i.p. DEX （0.1 mg· kg-1 ·d-1）. Acute programming effects of prenatal DEX were assessed at postnatal day 7, and long-term programming effects of offspring were assessed at day 120. We found that repetitive prenatal DEX exposure contributes to DNA oxidative damage and alveolar tissue dysplasia. Prenatal DEX treatment decreased ADMA and increased iNOS expres- sion. Prenatal DEX treatment also increased TNF-α transcript expression and decreased HDAC2 protein expression at acute stage. In conclusion, repetitive prenatal DEX has prolonged stress damage effects on lung tissue.展开更多
基金supported by DNV in the framework of the GIFT strategic R&D collaboration agreement between DNV and the School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering of NTUA-Ship Design Laboratory
文摘A route optimization methodology in the frame of an onboard decision support/guidance system for the ship＇s master has been developed and is presented in this paper. The method aims at the minimization of the fuel voyage cost and the risks related to the ship＇s seakeeping performance expected to be within acceptable limits of voyage duration. Parts of this methodology were implemented by interfacing alternative probability assessment methods, such as Monte Carlo, first order reliability method （FORM） and second order reliability method （SORM）, and a 3-D seakeeping code, including a software tool for the calculation of the added resistance in waves of NTUA-SDL. The entire system was integrated within the probabilistic analysis software PROBAN. Two of the main modules for the calculation of added resistance and the probabilistic assessment for the considered seakeeping hazards with respect to exceedance levels of predefined threshold values are herein elaborated and validation studies proved their efficiency in view of their implementation into an on-board optimization system.
基金supported in part by Grants CMRPG8B0141,CMRPG8B0142(H.R.Yu),CMRPG8C0171(C.H.Kang)NSC 102-2314-B-182A-042-MY3(H.R.Yu)from the National Science Council
文摘Prenatal glucocorticoids （GCs） have been used to induce maturation of preterm fetal lungs and prevent the development of respiratory distress syndrome of the premature. Pulmonary surfactant induction has been regarded as the most important effect of prenatal GCs. However, report about the prolonged effects of prenatal GCs on the development of rat lung is of limited. In this study, we tried to investigate the acute and chronic modulation effects of prenatal dexamethasone （DEX） to asymmetric dimethylarginine （ADMA）/nitric oxide （NO） signal pathway of lung tissue. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats at gestational day 14-20 were administered i.p. DEX （0.1 mg· kg-1 ·d-1）. Acute programming effects of prenatal DEX were assessed at postnatal day 7, and long-term programming effects of offspring were assessed at day 120. We found that repetitive prenatal DEX exposure contributes to DNA oxidative damage and alveolar tissue dysplasia. Prenatal DEX treatment decreased ADMA and increased iNOS expres- sion. Prenatal DEX treatment also increased TNF-α transcript expression and decreased HDAC2 protein expression at acute stage. In conclusion, repetitive prenatal DEX has prolonged stress damage effects on lung tissue.
