For river basin management, the reliability of the rating curves mainly depends on the accuracy and time period of the observed discharge and water level data. In the Elbe decision support system (DSS), the rating cur...For river basin management, the reliability of the rating curves mainly depends on the accuracy and time period of the observed discharge and water level data. In the Elbe decision support system (DSS), the rating curves are combined with the HEC-6 model to investigate the effects of river engineering measures on the Elbe River system. In such situations, the uncertainty originating from the HEC-6 model is of significant importance for the reliability of the rating curves and the corresponding DSS results. This paper proposes a two-step approach to analyze the uncertainty in the rating curves and propagate it into the Elbe DSS: analytic method and Latin Hypercube simulation. Via this approach the uncertainty and sensitivity of model outputs to input parameters are successfully investigated. The results show that the proposed approach is very efficient in investigating the effect of uncertainty and can play an important role in improving decision-making under uncertainty.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the liver-protecting effect of parenteral nutrition(PN) support with omega-3 fatty acids in a randomized controlled clinical trial.METHODS:Sixty-six patients with the diagnosis of end-stage liver di...AIM:To investigate the liver-protecting effect of parenteral nutrition(PN) support with omega-3 fatty acids in a randomized controlled clinical trial.METHODS:Sixty-six patients with the diagnosis of end-stage liver disease or hepatic cellular carcinoma were admitted to the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital,Nanjing University,China for orthotopic liver transplantation.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:PN group(n = 33) and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) group(n = 33).All patients received isocaloric and isonitrogenous PN for seven days after surgery,and in PUFA group omega-3 fish oil lipid emulsion replaced part of the standard lipid emulsion.Liver function was tested on days 2 and 9 after surgery.Pathological examination was performed after reperfusion of the donor liver and on day 9.Clinical outcome was assessed based on the post-transplant investigations,including:(1) post-transplant mechanical ventilation;(2) total hospital stay;(3) infectious morbidities;(4) acute and chronic rejection;and(5) mortality(intensive care unit mortality,hospital mortality,28-d mortality,and survival at a one-year post-transplant surveillance period).RESULTS:On days 2 and 9 after operation,a significant decrease of alanine aminotransferase(299.16 U/L ± 189.17 U/L vs 246.16 U/L ± 175.21 U/L,P = 0.024) and prothrombin time(5.64 s ± 2.06 svs 2.54 s ± 1.15 s,P = 0.035) was seen in PUFA group compared with PN group.The pathological results showed that omega-3 fatty acid supplement improved the injury of hepatic cells.Compared with PN group,there was a significant decrease of post-transplant hospital stay in PUFA group(18.7 d ± 4.0 d vs 20.6 d ± 4.6 d,P = 0.041).Complications of infection occurred in 6 cases of PN group(2 cases of pneumonia,3 cases of intra-abdominal abscess and 1 case of urinary tract infection),and in 3 cases of PUFA group(2 cases of pneumonia and 1 case of intra-abdominal abscess).No acute or chronic rejection and hospital mortality were found in both groups.The one-year mortality in PN group was 9.1%(3/33),one died of pulmonary infection,one died of severe intra-hepatic cholangitis and hepatic dysfunction and the other died of hepatic cell carcinoma recurrence.Only one patient in PUFA group(1/33,3.1%) died of biliary complication and hepatic dysfunction during follow-up.CONCLUSION:Post-transplant parenteral nutritional support combined with omega-3 fatty acids can significantly improve the liver injury,reduce the infectious morbidities,and shorten the post-transplant hospital stay.展开更多
During the last decade, large rockfalls occurred on the steep limestone slopes along the Adriatic Coast of Croatia, causing injury to people and serious damage to buildings and traffic facilities. The rockfalls along ...During the last decade, large rockfalls occurred on the steep limestone slopes along the Adriatic Coast of Croatia, causing injury to people and serious damage to buildings and traffic facilities. The rockfalls along the limestone slopes were caused by unfavorable characteristics of the rock mass, weathering in combination with heavy rainfall and artificial influences during highway construction. Rockfall protection projects were conducted to protect human lives and facilities from future rockfalls. The rockfall protection program started with rockfall hazard analyses to identify the potential of rockfalls to occur and the potential consequences. At the locations of hazards where related risks were determined, detailed field investigations were conducted. Based on the indentified characteristics of potentially unstable rock masses, analyses of movement and resulting pathways were conducted. The trajectories, impact energy and the height of bouncing are dependent on slope geometry, slope surface roughness and rockfall block characteristics. Two protection measure approaches were adopted： prevention of rockfalls by removing potentially unstable rock mass or installation of rock mass support systems and suspending running rockfall masses with rockfall protection barriers. In this paper, rockfall hazard determination, rockfall analyses and rockfall protection designs for rockfall protection systems at selected locations on the limestone slopes along the Adriatic coast of Croatia are presented.展开更多
The purpose of the paper is to develop a solution for application of PV （photovoltaic） generators in MV （medium voltage） distribution system without unacceptable voltage changes due to drops of PV power output. Th...The purpose of the paper is to develop a solution for application of PV （photovoltaic） generators in MV （medium voltage） distribution system without unacceptable voltage changes due to drops of PV power output. The proposed solution includes operation of PV with predetermined leading power factor and addition of a capacitor bank in parallel to PV plant in order to compensate the reactive power absorbed by the PV inverters. The analytical expression of required power factor angle is derived. Adding a capacitor bank in parallel to PV power plant may pose a problem because of space limitations. The dimensions and cost of small MV capacitor banks depend significantly on the capacitor bank protection against internal faults. Application of the developed negative-sequence current difference method for the unbalance protection of the capacitor banks enables to achieve a compact and cost-reduced design of the banks connected in parallel to PV power plants. A real-world example of operation of the PV plant in parallel to the capacitor bank with the novel protection scheme is described.展开更多
Since he took office, the new US president, Donald Trump, has unveiled his broad economic policy--now called Trumponomics. It emphasizes neoliberalism at home, less government regulations, more growth and weakening th...Since he took office, the new US president, Donald Trump, has unveiled his broad economic policy--now called Trumponomics. It emphasizes neoliberalism at home, less government regulations, more growth and weakening the welfare state. Intemationally, Trumponomics embraces protectionism and nativism with a focus on US economic interests. Trumponomics caters to the lower-middle classes, a reflection of the country＇s current economic and diplomatic challenges. Trumponomics will bring uncertainty to China-US economic and trade relations. China should carefully study the policies of the Trump administration and prepare contingency plans.展开更多
Objective To estimate the value of aortic valves and combined mitral valve replacement with retrograde perfusion in beating hearts.Methods Continuous retrograde coronary sinus perfusion with beating hearts was used in...Objective To estimate the value of aortic valves and combined mitral valve replacement with retrograde perfusion in beating hearts.Methods Continuous retrograde coronary sinus perfusion with beating hearts was used in 83 patients undergoing aortic valve or aortic valve combined with mitral valve replacement,without application of cardioplegia.After aortic valve replacement,the retrograde perfusion wes changed to antegrade perfusion for mitral valve replacement or correction of the other deformities(group A).Cold blood cardioplegia solution(15℃)was infused at intervals in 20 cases(group B).The following parameters were tested:lactate,ET,CTn-T and MDA in blood;myocardial ultra-structure;and cardiac rhythm and cardiac output (co).Results All biochemical values increased after cardiopulmonary bypass(P ＜ 0.05 - 0.01).Empty and beating heart sinus rhythm was maintained in group A.Myocardial ultrastructure did not change significantly.The pump was stopped smoothly as the surgical procedure finished.No postoperative low cardiac output syndrome or arrhythmia was observed.Eight-one patients recovered smoothly,two died from renal failure or infective shock.When the pump stopped,all patients in group B were supported by 5 - 10 μg· kg-1· min-1 dopamine.Transient pacing was used in 9 patients.One patient died from low cardiac output syndrome.Conclusion This method is a good myocardial protection which simulates physiologic status.It is applicable to aortic valve and combined mitral valve replacement of patients with large heart or heart failure and long time aortic cross-clamping.Ideal clinical effect can be achieved.展开更多
基金Project (No. 02CDP036) supported by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), the Netherlands
文摘For river basin management, the reliability of the rating curves mainly depends on the accuracy and time period of the observed discharge and water level data. In the Elbe decision support system (DSS), the rating curves are combined with the HEC-6 model to investigate the effects of river engineering measures on the Elbe River system. In such situations, the uncertainty originating from the HEC-6 model is of significant importance for the reliability of the rating curves and the corresponding DSS results. This paper proposes a two-step approach to analyze the uncertainty in the rating curves and propagate it into the Elbe DSS: analytic method and Latin Hypercube simulation. Via this approach the uncertainty and sensitivity of model outputs to input parameters are successfully investigated. The results show that the proposed approach is very efficient in investigating the effect of uncertainty and can play an important role in improving decision-making under uncertainty.
基金Supported by Grants From Jiangsu Provincial Government,China,No. ZX200605
文摘AIM:To investigate the liver-protecting effect of parenteral nutrition(PN) support with omega-3 fatty acids in a randomized controlled clinical trial.METHODS:Sixty-six patients with the diagnosis of end-stage liver disease or hepatic cellular carcinoma were admitted to the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital,Nanjing University,China for orthotopic liver transplantation.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:PN group(n = 33) and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) group(n = 33).All patients received isocaloric and isonitrogenous PN for seven days after surgery,and in PUFA group omega-3 fish oil lipid emulsion replaced part of the standard lipid emulsion.Liver function was tested on days 2 and 9 after surgery.Pathological examination was performed after reperfusion of the donor liver and on day 9.Clinical outcome was assessed based on the post-transplant investigations,including:(1) post-transplant mechanical ventilation;(2) total hospital stay;(3) infectious morbidities;(4) acute and chronic rejection;and(5) mortality(intensive care unit mortality,hospital mortality,28-d mortality,and survival at a one-year post-transplant surveillance period).RESULTS:On days 2 and 9 after operation,a significant decrease of alanine aminotransferase(299.16 U/L ± 189.17 U/L vs 246.16 U/L ± 175.21 U/L,P = 0.024) and prothrombin time(5.64 s ± 2.06 svs 2.54 s ± 1.15 s,P = 0.035) was seen in PUFA group compared with PN group.The pathological results showed that omega-3 fatty acid supplement improved the injury of hepatic cells.Compared with PN group,there was a significant decrease of post-transplant hospital stay in PUFA group(18.7 d ± 4.0 d vs 20.6 d ± 4.6 d,P = 0.041).Complications of infection occurred in 6 cases of PN group(2 cases of pneumonia,3 cases of intra-abdominal abscess and 1 case of urinary tract infection),and in 3 cases of PUFA group(2 cases of pneumonia and 1 case of intra-abdominal abscess).No acute or chronic rejection and hospital mortality were found in both groups.The one-year mortality in PN group was 9.1%(3/33),one died of pulmonary infection,one died of severe intra-hepatic cholangitis and hepatic dysfunction and the other died of hepatic cell carcinoma recurrence.Only one patient in PUFA group(1/33,3.1%) died of biliary complication and hepatic dysfunction during follow-up.CONCLUSION:Post-transplant parenteral nutritional support combined with omega-3 fatty acids can significantly improve the liver injury,reduce the infectious morbidities,and shorten the post-transplant hospital stay.
文摘During the last decade, large rockfalls occurred on the steep limestone slopes along the Adriatic Coast of Croatia, causing injury to people and serious damage to buildings and traffic facilities. The rockfalls along the limestone slopes were caused by unfavorable characteristics of the rock mass, weathering in combination with heavy rainfall and artificial influences during highway construction. Rockfall protection projects were conducted to protect human lives and facilities from future rockfalls. The rockfall protection program started with rockfall hazard analyses to identify the potential of rockfalls to occur and the potential consequences. At the locations of hazards where related risks were determined, detailed field investigations were conducted. Based on the indentified characteristics of potentially unstable rock masses, analyses of movement and resulting pathways were conducted. The trajectories, impact energy and the height of bouncing are dependent on slope geometry, slope surface roughness and rockfall block characteristics. Two protection measure approaches were adopted： prevention of rockfalls by removing potentially unstable rock mass or installation of rock mass support systems and suspending running rockfall masses with rockfall protection barriers. In this paper, rockfall hazard determination, rockfall analyses and rockfall protection designs for rockfall protection systems at selected locations on the limestone slopes along the Adriatic coast of Croatia are presented.
文摘The purpose of the paper is to develop a solution for application of PV （photovoltaic） generators in MV （medium voltage） distribution system without unacceptable voltage changes due to drops of PV power output. The proposed solution includes operation of PV with predetermined leading power factor and addition of a capacitor bank in parallel to PV plant in order to compensate the reactive power absorbed by the PV inverters. The analytical expression of required power factor angle is derived. Adding a capacitor bank in parallel to PV power plant may pose a problem because of space limitations. The dimensions and cost of small MV capacitor banks depend significantly on the capacitor bank protection against internal faults. Application of the developed negative-sequence current difference method for the unbalance protection of the capacitor banks enables to achieve a compact and cost-reduced design of the banks connected in parallel to PV power plants. A real-world example of operation of the PV plant in parallel to the capacitor bank with the novel protection scheme is described.
文摘Since he took office, the new US president, Donald Trump, has unveiled his broad economic policy--now called Trumponomics. It emphasizes neoliberalism at home, less government regulations, more growth and weakening the welfare state. Intemationally, Trumponomics embraces protectionism and nativism with a focus on US economic interests. Trumponomics caters to the lower-middle classes, a reflection of the country＇s current economic and diplomatic challenges. Trumponomics will bring uncertainty to China-US economic and trade relations. China should carefully study the policies of the Trump administration and prepare contingency plans.
基金ThisworkwassupportedbyagrantfromtheGuangxiProvincialEducationCommittee (No 95 0 62 )
文摘Objective To estimate the value of aortic valves and combined mitral valve replacement with retrograde perfusion in beating hearts.Methods Continuous retrograde coronary sinus perfusion with beating hearts was used in 83 patients undergoing aortic valve or aortic valve combined with mitral valve replacement,without application of cardioplegia.After aortic valve replacement,the retrograde perfusion wes changed to antegrade perfusion for mitral valve replacement or correction of the other deformities(group A).Cold blood cardioplegia solution(15℃)was infused at intervals in 20 cases(group B).The following parameters were tested:lactate,ET,CTn-T and MDA in blood;myocardial ultra-structure;and cardiac rhythm and cardiac output (co).Results All biochemical values increased after cardiopulmonary bypass(P ＜ 0.05 - 0.01).Empty and beating heart sinus rhythm was maintained in group A.Myocardial ultrastructure did not change significantly.The pump was stopped smoothly as the surgical procedure finished.No postoperative low cardiac output syndrome or arrhythmia was observed.Eight-one patients recovered smoothly,two died from renal failure or infective shock.When the pump stopped,all patients in group B were supported by 5 - 10 μg· kg-1· min-1 dopamine.Transient pacing was used in 9 patients.One patient died from low cardiac output syndrome.Conclusion This method is a good myocardial protection which simulates physiologic status.It is applicable to aortic valve and combined mitral valve replacement of patients with large heart or heart failure and long time aortic cross-clamping.Ideal clinical effect can be achieved.
