芦芽山旅游开发对不同植被层物种多样性的影响

利用12个物种多样性指数,研究了芦芽山旅游开发对不同植被层物种多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)乔木的丰富度和多样性在旅游干扰很少的地方都达到最大值,在干扰严重的地方,也相对较大,在中度干扰的地方,则相对较低。均匀度随着旅游干扰的减小而趋于减小。乔木的多样性与地理因子间的相关性很小,仅有1对因子呈显著相关。(2)灌木的丰富度和均匀度,在旅游中度干扰的地方都最大,在干扰很少的地方次之,在干扰严重的地方其值都最小。多样性则随着旅游干扰的减小而趋于增大。灌木多样性与地理因子之间的相关性较大,有10对因子显著相关。这说明地理因子对灌木多样性影响的作用开始增大。(3)在旅游干扰最大的地方,草本的均匀度和多样性最大,而丰富度相对也较大。在中度干扰的地方,草本的丰富度最大,多样性居中,均匀度最小。在干扰很少的地方,草本的丰富度和多样性最小,均匀度居中。草本多样性与地理因子之间的相关性最大,有23对因子显著或极显著相关,这说明地理因子对草本多样性影响的作用最大。

旅游活动对龙宫景区不同植被层物种多样性的影响

按照旅游活动程度的强弱将景区分为活动区、缓冲区和对照区,并利用6个物种多样性指数,研究了龙宫风景区旅游活动对不同植被层物种多样性的影响。结果表明,随着游客的大量增多及龙宫风景区基础设施建设的加强,风景区物种组成越来越少,多样性与结构越来越简单。主要表现在:(1)乔木层的丰富度上,表现出缓冲区最大,活动区最小,对照区介于两者之间;在物种均匀度上,表现出活动区>对照区>缓冲区的趋势;在物种多样性上,活动区最小,缓冲区其次,对照区最大;从生态优势度来看,对照区最大,活动区最小,缓冲区介于其中。(2)灌木层的物种丰富度上,表现出活动区最小,对照区其次,而缓冲区为最大的趋势;在物种均匀度上,对照区最大,活动区次之,缓冲区最小;在物种多样性上,活动区最小,缓冲区其次,对照区最大;从生态优势度来看,对照区最大,活动区最小,缓冲区介于其中。(3)草本层的物种丰富度上,表现出对照区最小,活动区其次,而缓冲区为最大的趋势;在物种均匀度上,对照区最小,活动区次之,缓冲区最大;在物种多样性上,对照区最小,缓冲区最大,活动区介于其中;从生态优势度来看,呈现出缓冲区>活动区>对照区的趋势。

太岳山七里峪道路建设对不同植被层物种多样性的影响

运用6个物种多样性指数,研究了七里峪景区道路建设对不同植被层物种多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)乔木层的物种多样性在道路建设干扰程度最小的地方都达到最大值,在干扰程度居中的地方出现也相对较大,在干扰程度最大的地方最小。乔木种的多样性与环境因子间的相关性较大。(2)灌木的丰富度和均匀度,在道路干扰程度最大、中度和最小的地方都比较大,多样性随道路干扰程度的变化无明显变化。(3)在道路干扰最大的地方,草本的丰富度、多样性和均匀度最大,在干扰最小的地方,草本的丰富度、多样性和均匀度最小,优势度则是在干扰最大的地方最小,干扰最小的地方最大。草本多样性与环境因子的相关最大。

Comparison of Soil Moisture in Different Soil Layers between Three Typical Forests in the Upper Reaches of Lijiang River Basin, Southern China

Throughfall, stemflow, evapotranspiration and infiltration are likely to vary with forest types, and consequently affect soil moisture regimes in different soil layers. In this study, the spatial and temporal characteristics of soil moisture were investigated to understand variations in soil moisture in three typical forests, including Phyllostachys pubescens forest (abbreviated as PPF), Schima superba forest (abbreviated as SSF) and Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (abbreviated as CLF) in the upper reaches of Lijiang River basin in southern China. The results showed that,(1) Litterfall and soil physical properties differed significantly in the three typical forests. Infiltration capacity in SSF was more favorable to soil moisture than in PPF and CLF.(2) Large variations were found in soil moisture at different forest stands and depths. Due to complicated vertical structures, there were obvious differences in soil moisture from the 0-20 cm soil layer to the 50-80 cm soil layer.(3) Average soil moisture in each layer was higher in SSF than in PPF and CLF.(4) Soil moisture in different layers correlated closely with precipitation (P<0.01) and the three typical forests had the same change trends with rainfall during the studying period.(5) In topsoil, soil moisture was influe need by soil properties which were mostly determined by litterfall, while in deep soil, soil moisture was affected by variations of soil characteristics, which were mostly determined by root distribution. This study provides a scie ntific basis for better un dersta nding the relati on ships betwee n forest vegetati on and its hydrological effects, helping to facilitate water resources conservation and achieving wise forest management in the upper reaches of Lijiang River basin.