This study was conducted to compare lipid and fatty acid composition of cod,haddock and halibut.Three groups of cod（276 g±61 g）,haddock（538 g±83 g）and halibut（3704 g±221 g）were maintained with com...This study was conducted to compare lipid and fatty acid composition of cod,haddock and halibut.Three groups of cod（276 g±61 g）,haddock（538 g±83 g）and halibut（3704 g±221 g）were maintained with commercial feeds mainly based on fish meal and marine fish oil for 12 weeks prior to sampling.The fatty acid compositions of muscle and liver were determined by GC/FID after derivatization of extracted lipids into fatty acid methyl esters（FAME）.Lipids were also fractionated into neutral and polar lipids using Waters silica Sep-Pak（R）.The phospholipid fraction was further separated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography（HPTLC）and the FAME profile was obtained.Results of the present study showed that cod and haddock were lean fish and their total muscle lipid contents were 0.8% and 0.7%,respectively,with phospholipid constituting 83.6% and 87.5% of the total muscle lipid,respectively.Halibut was a medium-fat fish and its muscle lipid content was 8%,with 84% of the total muscle lipid being neutral lipid.Total liver lipid contents of cod,haddock and halibut were 36.9%,67.2% and 30.7%,respectively,of which the neutral lipids accounted for the major fraction（88.1%-97.1%）.Polyunsaturated fatty acids were the most abundant in cod and haddock muscle neutral lipid.Monounsaturated fatty acid level was the highest in halibut muscle neutral lipid.Fatty acid compositions of phospholipid were relatively constant.In summary,the liver of cod and haddock as lean fish was the main lipid reserve organ,and structural phospholipid is the major lipid form in flesh.However,as a medium-fat fish,halibut stored lipid in both their liver and muscle.展开更多
Pickling sludge generated during the neutralization of pickling wastewater with calcium hydroxide in stainless steel pickling process was characterized using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, scan...Pickling sludge generated during the neutralization of pickling wastewater with calcium hydroxide in stainless steel pickling process was characterized using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, etc. The major compositions of pickling sludge are CaF2, CaSO4, Me（OH）, （M： Fe, Cr, Ni）, and the content of CaF2 is high in the sludge. The melting point of pickling sludge is about 1350℃ and the viscosity is about 0.14 Pa.s at 1450 ℃, which are comparatively lower than those of normal refining slag. After heat treatment, the contents of sulfur and fluorine in the pickling sludge were reduced, confirming the thermal decomposition of sulfate in the sludge. Fluorine in the sludge is reduced by the gaseous SiF4 and A1F3 generated through the reactions of CaF2 with SiO2 and Al2O3. The preliminary results from the reduction test indicate that the sulfur content in the steel is not affected by the presence of sulfur in the sludge. The recovery of nickel is about 40%, and the chromium content changes marginally due to the protective atmosphere under the reduction condition of chromic oxide. The pickling sludge is a potential auxiliary material for the production of stainless steel.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the commonest chronic liver disease and its prevalence is increasing driven by the pandemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. NAFLD can progress to cirrhosis and is as...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the commonest chronic liver disease and its prevalence is increasing driven by the pandemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. NAFLD can progress to cirrhosis and is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and hepatocellular cancer. Diet and exercise are limited by suboptimal long-term adherence in patients with NAFLD. On the other hand, current pharmacological treatment of NAFLD has limited efficacy and unfavorable safety profile. In this context, obeticholic acid(OCA), a selective agonist of the farnesoid X receptors, might represent a useful option in these patients. Preclinical studies suggest that OCA improves hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. A proof-of-concept study and the randomized, placebo-controlled Farnesoid X Receptor Ligand Obeticholic Acid in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Treatment(FLINT) trial also showed improvements in liver histology in patients with NAFLD who received OCA. Weight loss and reduction in blood pressure were also observed. However, the effects of OCA on insulin resistance are conflicting and the lipid profile is adversely affected by this agent. In addition, pruritus is frequently observed during treatment with OCA and might lead to treatment discontinuation. However, given the limitations of existing treatments for NAFLD, OCA might represent a useful therapeutic option in selected patients with NAFLD.展开更多
不含POU结构域的八聚体核苷酸结合蛋白（non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein,NONO）也称54 k D核RNA/DNA结合蛋白（54 k D Nuclear RNA-and DNA-binding protein,p54nrb）,是一种能与DNA和RNA结合的多功能核蛋白,参与...不含POU结构域的八聚体核苷酸结合蛋白（non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein,NONO）也称54 k D核RNA/DNA结合蛋白（54 k D Nuclear RNA-and DNA-binding protein,p54nrb）,是一种能与DNA和RNA结合的多功能核蛋白,参与多种细胞生物活动,包括转录调节、DNA修复、RNA核保留复制、细胞增殖调控以及形成亚核结构paraspeckle等。当NONO蛋白表达异常时,是否会导致肿瘤的发生呢？现研究表明在多数肿瘤中NONO蛋白表达异常。与鼻咽癌、前列腺癌、膀胱癌、乳头状肾细胞癌、大肠癌、恶性黑色素瘤以及白血病等多种肿瘤发生发展密切相关。本综述就NONO蛋白结构、功能以及在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用予以综述。展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To systematically examine the postmarketing safety of depside salt injection made from Danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae),identifythe potential risk factors, and ensure its clinical safety.METHODS: We exa...OBJECTIVE: To systematically examine the postmarketing safety of depside salt injection made from Danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae),identifythe potential risk factors, and ensure its clinical safety.METHODS: We examined a comprehensive series of studies on the production process, quality standards, pharmacology, population pharmacokinetics, and safety evaluation of depside salt injection made from Danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae). Data from Ⅰ-Ⅳ clinical drug trials, hospital information systems(HIS), and spontaneous reporting systems(SRS) were also analyzed.RESULTS: The effective components of salvianolic acid salt content reached almost 100%, and the magnesium lithospermate B content reached morethan 80%. The median lethal dose(LD50) calculated by the Bliss method was 1.49 g/kg, with 95%confidence intervals of 1.29-1.72 g/kg. Long-term tests on Beagle dogs indicated that doses of less than 80 mg/kg were safe and doses of 320 mg/kg were toxic. Adverse drug reactions(ADRs) included digestive disorders; drug-induced erythrocyte deformation in lung, liver, spleen, kidney, bone marrow, intestinal mucosa, lymph nodes, and other tissues; megakaryocytes in lung, liver, and spleen resulting from mild hemolysis; and mild hyperplasia in bone marrow hematopoietic tissue. Other studies indicated no irritative effect of the injection on local tissues and blood vessels, and no allergic reactions, erythrocyte coagulation, or hemolysis. SRS data showed that the most common ADRs were headache, head distention, dizziness, facial flushing, skin itching, thrombocytopenia, and the reversibility of elevated Aspartate transaminase. HIS data indicated no damage to renal function from using depside salt injection made from Danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) at a dosage higher than the recommended dose.CONCLUSION: This study analyzes the clinical characteristics of ADRs from depside salt injection made from Danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae),and discusses the factors influencing such reactions. It provides scientific reference and recommendations for clinically safe medication of the Danshen injection.展开更多
文摘This study was conducted to compare lipid and fatty acid composition of cod,haddock and halibut.Three groups of cod（276 g±61 g）,haddock（538 g±83 g）and halibut（3704 g±221 g）were maintained with commercial feeds mainly based on fish meal and marine fish oil for 12 weeks prior to sampling.The fatty acid compositions of muscle and liver were determined by GC/FID after derivatization of extracted lipids into fatty acid methyl esters（FAME）.Lipids were also fractionated into neutral and polar lipids using Waters silica Sep-Pak（R）.The phospholipid fraction was further separated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography（HPTLC）and the FAME profile was obtained.Results of the present study showed that cod and haddock were lean fish and their total muscle lipid contents were 0.8% and 0.7%,respectively,with phospholipid constituting 83.6% and 87.5% of the total muscle lipid,respectively.Halibut was a medium-fat fish and its muscle lipid content was 8%,with 84% of the total muscle lipid being neutral lipid.Total liver lipid contents of cod,haddock and halibut were 36.9%,67.2% and 30.7%,respectively,of which the neutral lipids accounted for the major fraction（88.1%-97.1%）.Polyunsaturated fatty acids were the most abundant in cod and haddock muscle neutral lipid.Monounsaturated fatty acid level was the highest in halibut muscle neutral lipid.Fatty acid compositions of phospholipid were relatively constant.In summary,the liver of cod and haddock as lean fish was the main lipid reserve organ,and structural phospholipid is the major lipid form in flesh.However,as a medium-fat fish,halibut stored lipid in both their liver and muscle.
基金Project(2010JM7010)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,ChinaProject supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Ministry of Education,ChinaProject supported by the Technology Foundation for Selected Overseas Chinese Scholars,Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Shaanxi Province,China
文摘Pickling sludge generated during the neutralization of pickling wastewater with calcium hydroxide in stainless steel pickling process was characterized using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, etc. The major compositions of pickling sludge are CaF2, CaSO4, Me（OH）, （M： Fe, Cr, Ni）, and the content of CaF2 is high in the sludge. The melting point of pickling sludge is about 1350℃ and the viscosity is about 0.14 Pa.s at 1450 ℃, which are comparatively lower than those of normal refining slag. After heat treatment, the contents of sulfur and fluorine in the pickling sludge were reduced, confirming the thermal decomposition of sulfate in the sludge. Fluorine in the sludge is reduced by the gaseous SiF4 and A1F3 generated through the reactions of CaF2 with SiO2 and Al2O3. The preliminary results from the reduction test indicate that the sulfur content in the steel is not affected by the presence of sulfur in the sludge. The recovery of nickel is about 40%, and the chromium content changes marginally due to the protective atmosphere under the reduction condition of chromic oxide. The pickling sludge is a potential auxiliary material for the production of stainless steel.
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the commonest chronic liver disease and its prevalence is increasing driven by the pandemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. NAFLD can progress to cirrhosis and is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and hepatocellular cancer. Diet and exercise are limited by suboptimal long-term adherence in patients with NAFLD. On the other hand, current pharmacological treatment of NAFLD has limited efficacy and unfavorable safety profile. In this context, obeticholic acid(OCA), a selective agonist of the farnesoid X receptors, might represent a useful option in these patients. Preclinical studies suggest that OCA improves hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. A proof-of-concept study and the randomized, placebo-controlled Farnesoid X Receptor Ligand Obeticholic Acid in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Treatment(FLINT) trial also showed improvements in liver histology in patients with NAFLD who received OCA. Weight loss and reduction in blood pressure were also observed. However, the effects of OCA on insulin resistance are conflicting and the lipid profile is adversely affected by this agent. In addition, pruritus is frequently observed during treatment with OCA and might lead to treatment discontinuation. However, given the limitations of existing treatments for NAFLD, OCA might represent a useful therapeutic option in selected patients with NAFLD.
文摘不含POU结构域的八聚体核苷酸结合蛋白（non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein,NONO）也称54 k D核RNA/DNA结合蛋白（54 k D Nuclear RNA-and DNA-binding protein,p54nrb）,是一种能与DNA和RNA结合的多功能核蛋白,参与多种细胞生物活动,包括转录调节、DNA修复、RNA核保留复制、细胞增殖调控以及形成亚核结构paraspeckle等。当NONO蛋白表达异常时,是否会导致肿瘤的发生呢？现研究表明在多数肿瘤中NONO蛋白表达异常。与鼻咽癌、前列腺癌、膀胱癌、乳头状肾细胞癌、大肠癌、恶性黑色素瘤以及白血病等多种肿瘤发生发展密切相关。本综述就NONO蛋白结构、功能以及在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用予以综述。
基金National Science and Technology Major Projects for"Major New Drugs Innovation and Development":Study on Key Technologies of Postmarketing Evaluation forChinese Medicine(No.2009ZX09502-030)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To systematically examine the postmarketing safety of depside salt injection made from Danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae),identifythe potential risk factors, and ensure its clinical safety.METHODS: We examined a comprehensive series of studies on the production process, quality standards, pharmacology, population pharmacokinetics, and safety evaluation of depside salt injection made from Danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae). Data from Ⅰ-Ⅳ clinical drug trials, hospital information systems(HIS), and spontaneous reporting systems(SRS) were also analyzed.RESULTS: The effective components of salvianolic acid salt content reached almost 100%, and the magnesium lithospermate B content reached morethan 80%. The median lethal dose(LD50) calculated by the Bliss method was 1.49 g/kg, with 95%confidence intervals of 1.29-1.72 g/kg. Long-term tests on Beagle dogs indicated that doses of less than 80 mg/kg were safe and doses of 320 mg/kg were toxic. Adverse drug reactions(ADRs) included digestive disorders; drug-induced erythrocyte deformation in lung, liver, spleen, kidney, bone marrow, intestinal mucosa, lymph nodes, and other tissues; megakaryocytes in lung, liver, and spleen resulting from mild hemolysis; and mild hyperplasia in bone marrow hematopoietic tissue. Other studies indicated no irritative effect of the injection on local tissues and blood vessels, and no allergic reactions, erythrocyte coagulation, or hemolysis. SRS data showed that the most common ADRs were headache, head distention, dizziness, facial flushing, skin itching, thrombocytopenia, and the reversibility of elevated Aspartate transaminase. HIS data indicated no damage to renal function from using depside salt injection made from Danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) at a dosage higher than the recommended dose.CONCLUSION: This study analyzes the clinical characteristics of ADRs from depside salt injection made from Danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae),and discusses the factors influencing such reactions. It provides scientific reference and recommendations for clinically safe medication of the Danshen injection.
