In this study we used U0126, a potent and specific inhibitor of MEK, to study the roles of MEK/ERK/p90rsk signaling pathway in the meiotic cell cycle of mouse oocytes. The phosphorylation of MAP kinase and p90rsk in t...In this study we used U0126, a potent and specific inhibitor of MEK, to study the roles of MEK/ERK/p90rsk signaling pathway in the meiotic cell cycle of mouse oocytes. The phosphorylation of MAP kinase and p90rsk in the oocytes treated with 1.5 μMU0126 was the same as that in oocytes cultured in drug-free medium. With 1.5 μM U0126 treatment, the spindles appeared normal as they formed in oocytes, but failed to maintain its structure.Instead, the spindle lost one pole or elongated extraordinarily. After further culture, some oocytes extruded gigantic polar bodies (＞30 μm) that later divided into two small ones. Some oocytes underwent symmetric division and produced two equal-size daughter cells in which normal spindles formed. In oocytes with different division patterns,MAP kinase was normally phosphorylated. When the concentration of U0126 was increased to 15 mM, the phosphorylation of both MAPK and p90rsk were inhibited, while symmetric division was decreased. When incubating in medium containing 15 μM U0126 for 14 h, oocytes were activated, but part of them failed to emit polar bodies. MII oocytes were also activated by 15 μM U0126, at the same time the dephosphorylation of MAP kinase and p90rsk was observed. Our results indicate that 1) MEK plays important but not indispensable roles in microtubule organization;2) MEK keeps normal meiotic spindle morphology, targets peripheral spindle positioning and regulates asymmetric division by activating some unknown substrates other than MAP kinase/p90rsk; and 3) activation of MEK/ERK/p90rsk cascade maintains MII arrest in mouse oocytes.展开更多
Aming at the problem of the low accuracy of low dynamic vehicle velocity under the environment of uneven distribution of light intensity,an improved adaptive Kalman filter method for the velocity error estimate by the...Aming at the problem of the low accuracy of low dynamic vehicle velocity under the environment of uneven distribution of light intensity,an improved adaptive Kalman filter method for the velocity error estimate by the fusion of optical flow tracking and scale mvaiant feature transform(SIFT)is proposed.The algorithm introduces anonlinear fuzzy membership function and the filter residual for the noise covariance matrix in the adaptive adjustment process.In the process of calculating the velocity of the vehicle,the tracking and matching of the inter-frame displacement a d the vehicle velocity calculation a e carried out by using the optical fow tracing and the SIF'T methods,respectively.Meanwhile,the velocity difference between theoutputs of thesetwo methods is used as the observation of the improved adaptive Kalman filter.Finally,the velocity calculated by the optical fow method is corrected by using the velocity error estimate of the output of the modified adaptive Kalman filter.The results of semi-physical experiments show that the maximum velocityeror of the fusion algorithm is decreased by29%than that of the optical fow method,and the computation time is reduced by80%compared with the SIFT method.展开更多
工业生产中通常采用多分离器布置的方案增大循环流化床的容量.本文采用大涡模拟-离散单元法(Large eddy simulation-Discrete element method,LES-DEM)对六分离器循环流化床内气固流动特性进行了全循环数值模拟研究。该方法在欧拉框架...工业生产中通常采用多分离器布置的方案增大循环流化床的容量.本文采用大涡模拟-离散单元法(Large eddy simulation-Discrete element method,LES-DEM)对六分离器循环流化床内气固流动特性进行了全循环数值模拟研究。该方法在欧拉框架下求解流体的运动,在拉格朗日框架下追踪每个颗粒的运动。结果表明:六个旋风分离器回路中存在着气固分配不均现象,旋风分离器的轴对称布置方式优于中心对称布置方式.提升管内呈现强烈的颗粒聚团行为,颗粒团的体积大致为正态分布频率,其纵横比都大于1,并且随着提升管高度先增加后减小.展开更多
基金This study was supported by grants from the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research(“973”)Project(G1999055902)of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China(30225010,30170358)Knowledge Innovation Program(KSCX2-SW-303,KSCX-IOZ-07)of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘In this study we used U0126, a potent and specific inhibitor of MEK, to study the roles of MEK/ERK/p90rsk signaling pathway in the meiotic cell cycle of mouse oocytes. The phosphorylation of MAP kinase and p90rsk in the oocytes treated with 1.5 μMU0126 was the same as that in oocytes cultured in drug-free medium. With 1.5 μM U0126 treatment, the spindles appeared normal as they formed in oocytes, but failed to maintain its structure.Instead, the spindle lost one pole or elongated extraordinarily. After further culture, some oocytes extruded gigantic polar bodies (＞30 μm) that later divided into two small ones. Some oocytes underwent symmetric division and produced two equal-size daughter cells in which normal spindles formed. In oocytes with different division patterns,MAP kinase was normally phosphorylated. When the concentration of U0126 was increased to 15 mM, the phosphorylation of both MAPK and p90rsk were inhibited, while symmetric division was decreased. When incubating in medium containing 15 μM U0126 for 14 h, oocytes were activated, but part of them failed to emit polar bodies. MII oocytes were also activated by 15 μM U0126, at the same time the dephosphorylation of MAP kinase and p90rsk was observed. Our results indicate that 1) MEK plays important but not indispensable roles in microtubule organization;2) MEK keeps normal meiotic spindle morphology, targets peripheral spindle positioning and regulates asymmetric division by activating some unknown substrates other than MAP kinase/p90rsk; and 3) activation of MEK/ERK/p90rsk cascade maintains MII arrest in mouse oocytes.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51375087,51405203)the Transformation Program of Science and Technology Achievements of Jiangsu Province(No.BA2016139)
文摘Aming at the problem of the low accuracy of low dynamic vehicle velocity under the environment of uneven distribution of light intensity,an improved adaptive Kalman filter method for the velocity error estimate by the fusion of optical flow tracking and scale mvaiant feature transform(SIFT)is proposed.The algorithm introduces anonlinear fuzzy membership function and the filter residual for the noise covariance matrix in the adaptive adjustment process.In the process of calculating the velocity of the vehicle,the tracking and matching of the inter-frame displacement a d the vehicle velocity calculation a e carried out by using the optical fow tracing and the SIF'T methods,respectively.Meanwhile,the velocity difference between theoutputs of thesetwo methods is used as the observation of the improved adaptive Kalman filter.Finally,the velocity calculated by the optical fow method is corrected by using the velocity error estimate of the output of the modified adaptive Kalman filter.The results of semi-physical experiments show that the maximum velocityeror of the fusion algorithm is decreased by29%than that of the optical fow method,and the computation time is reduced by80%compared with the SIFT method.
文摘工业生产中通常采用多分离器布置的方案增大循环流化床的容量.本文采用大涡模拟-离散单元法(Large eddy simulation-Discrete element method,LES-DEM)对六分离器循环流化床内气固流动特性进行了全循环数值模拟研究。该方法在欧拉框架下求解流体的运动,在拉格朗日框架下追踪每个颗粒的运动。结果表明:六个旋风分离器回路中存在着气固分配不均现象,旋风分离器的轴对称布置方式优于中心对称布置方式.提升管内呈现强烈的颗粒聚团行为,颗粒团的体积大致为正态分布频率,其纵横比都大于1,并且随着提升管高度先增加后减小.
