论生物系统中的功能不守恒性

根据能量守恒定律 ,能量一次转换所做的总功应等于输入的总能量。但在生物系统中 ,能量的转换是多次的 ,其总功之和大于系统输入的总能量 ,此现象称之为功能不守恒性。能量转换效率越高 ,功能差别越大。能量通过细胞水平的多次转换 ,总功可提高至 2倍左右。能量通过生态系统水平多次转换 ,总功可提高至 1.4倍左右。通过系统内各子系统能流之和称为序能 ,反映了系统有序性大小 ,它取决于系统输入总能量和能量转换效率。根据序能原理 ,用GDP2 Q(GDP为国内生产总值 ,Q为能量总输入 )反映人类社会功能和效率 ,要比单纯用GDP更客观。绿色GDP应同时考虑使GDP2 Q增长最大和使自然生态系统的序能最大。人的经济行为和动物的行为对策也符合序能原理。

科学技术的“第一生产力”本性

(一)信息的不守恒性 我们知道,对任何一个系统来说,其物质和能量都必将自发转化为他者,从而以作功、损耗或衰败崩溃的形式使原物消解为无。这种转化是守恒的,不灭的,但对原物而言,都必然自趋消亡。这就是物质与能量转化定律在量和质上的两个规定。然而,信息的流变与转化却不服从这一定律:一本书或一张图纸,由于千万次的传播运用而千万倍地发挥作用并转化为现实的物质产品,但这一信息资料本身。

Conformal Invariance and Noether Symmetry, Lie Symmetry of Birkhoffian Systems in Event Space

This paper focuses on studying a conformal invariance and a Noether symmetry, a Lie symmetry for a Birkhoffian system in event space. The definitions of the conformal invariance of the system are given. By investigation on the relations between the conformal invariance and the Noether symmetry, the conformal invariance and the Lie symmetry, the expressions of conformal factors of the system under these circumstances are obtained. The Noether conserved quantities and the Hojman conserved quantities directly derived from the conformal invariance are given. Two examples are given to illustrate the application of the results.

Form Invariance and Conserved Quantity for Non-holonomic Systems with Variable Mass and Unilateral Constraints

The paper studies the form invariance and a type of non-Noether conserved quantity called Mei conserved quantity for non-holonomic systems with variable mass and unilateral constraints. Acoording to the invariance of the form of differential equations of motion under infinitesimal transformations, this paper gives the definition and criterion of the form invariance for non-holonomic systems with variable mass and unilateral constraints. The condition under which a form invariance can lead to Mei conservation quantity and the form of the conservation quantity are deduced. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.

Properties of Parity Non-conserved and Parity Conserved States in Matrix Product Systems

In terms of reflection transformation of a matrix product state （MPS）, the parity of the MPS is defined. Based on the reflective parity non-conserved MPS pair we construct the even-parity state ｜ψe〉 and the odd-parity state ｜ψσ〉. It is interesting to find that the parity non-conserved reflective MPS pair have no long-range correlations; instead the even-parity state ｜ψe〉 and the odd-parity state ｜ψo〉 constructed from them have the same long-range correlations for the parity non-conserved block operators. Moreover, the entanglement between a block of n contiguous spins and the rest of the spin chain for the states ｜ψe〉 and ｜ψo〉 is larger than that for the reflective MPS pair except for n = 1, and the difference of them approaches 1 monotonically and asymptotically from 0 as n increases from 1. These characteristics indicate that MPS parity as a conserved physical quantity represents a kind of coherent collective quantum mode, and that the parity conserved MPSs contain more correlation, coherence, and entanglement than the parity non-conserved ones.

Conformal Invariance and a New Type of Conserved Quantities of Mechanical Systems with Variable Mass in Phase Space

Conformal invariance and a new type of conserved quantities of mechanical systems with variable mass in phase space are studied. Firstly, the definition and determining equation of conformal invariance are presented. The relationship between the conformal invariance and the Lie symmetry is given, and the necessary and sufficient condition that the conformal invarianee would be the Lie symmetry under the infinitesimal transformations is provided. Secondly, a new type of conserved quantities of the conformal invariance are obtained by using the Lie symmetry of the system. Lastly, an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.

IMPROVED ROBUST H-INFINITY ESTIMATION FOR UNCERTAIN CONTINUOUS-TIME SYSTEMS

The design of full-order robust estimators is investigated for continuous-time polytopic uncertain systems. The main purpose is to obtain a stable linear estimator such that the estimation error system remains robustly stable with a prescribed H∞ attenuation level. Firstly, a simple alternative proof is given for an improved LMI representation of H∞ performance proposed recently. Based on the performance criterion which keeps the Lyapunov matrix out of the product of the system dynamic matrices, a sufficient condition for the existence of the robust estimator is provided in terms of linear matrix inequalities. It is shown that the proposed design strategy allows the use of parameterdependent Lyapunov functions and hence it is less conservative than the earlier results. A numerical example is employed to illustrate the feasibility and advantage of the proposed design.