Switch policy is essential for small cells to properly serve variable number of users in an energy efficient way.However,frequently switching small cell base stations(SBSs) may increase the network operating cost,espe...Switch policy is essential for small cells to properly serve variable number of users in an energy efficient way.However,frequently switching small cell base stations(SBSs) may increase the network operating cost,especially when there is an nonnegligible start-up energy cost.To this end,by observing the variety of user number,we focus on the design of a switch policy which minimize the cumulative energy consumption.A given user transmission rate is guaranteed and the capability of SBSs are limited as well.According to the knowledge on user number variety,we classify the energy consumption problem into two cases.In complete information case,to minimize the cumulative energy consumption,an offline solution is proposed according to critical segments.A heuristic algorithm for incomplete information case(HAIIC) is proposed by tracking the difference of cumulative energy consumption.The upper bound of the Energy Consumption Ratio(ECR) for HAIIC is derived as well.In addition,a practical Q-learning based probabilistic policy is proposed.Simulation results show that the proposed HAIIC algorithm is able to save energy efficiently.展开更多
Based on the rough set theory which is a powerful tool in dealing with vagueness and uncertainty, an algorithm to mine association rules in incomplete information systems was presented and the support and confidence w...Based on the rough set theory which is a powerful tool in dealing with vagueness and uncertainty, an algorithm to mine association rules in incomplete information systems was presented and the support and confidence were redefined. The algorithm can mine the association rules with decision attributes directly without processing missing values. Using the incomplete dataset Mushroom from UCI machine learning repository, the new algorithm was compared with the classical association rules mining algorithm based on Apriori from the number of rules extracted, testing accuracy and execution time. The experiment results show that the new algorithm has advantages of short execution time and high accuracy.展开更多
Since web services intended for the same application environment tend to be functionally homogeneous, researchers have turned to their non-functional aspects in order to constructively compare web services and choose ...Since web services intended for the same application environment tend to be functionally homogeneous, researchers have turned to their non-functional aspects in order to constructively compare web services and choose an appropriate one. In general, quality of service is very important to users. Many schemes that consider quality assessment have been proposed for web service selection. With the increasing number of qualityrelated attributes, an effective quality assessment method needs satisfactory scalability. Schemes based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) meet this requirement. However, prevalent methods in this vein overlook the fact that the traditional AHP needs a complete judgment matrix. In practice, all the information needed to construct a judgment matrix is often unavailable for a variety of reasons, due to which certain judgments cannot be made. In this paper, for an incomplete judgment matrix, we propose an improved AHP approach to consistency verification and the subsequent ordering. Our method can deal with situations where information is insufficient,and inherits all the merits of the traditional AHP approach. A case study establishes the effectiveness of our proposed method.展开更多
In this work, we perform a series of phonon counting measurement with different methods in a 3-mode optomechanical system, and we compare the difference of the entanglement after measurement. In this article we focus ...In this work, we perform a series of phonon counting measurement with different methods in a 3-mode optomechanical system, and we compare the difference of the entanglement after measurement. In this article we focus on the three eases： prefect measurement, imperfect measurement and on-off measurement. We find that whatever measurement you take, the entanglement will increase. The size of entanglement enhancement is the largest in the perfect measurement, second in the imperfect measurement, and it is not obvious in the on-off measurement. We are sure that the more precise measurement information, the larger entanglement concentration.展开更多
基金partially supported by National Key Project of China under Grants No. 2013ZX03001007-004National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 61102052,61325012,61271219,91438115 and 61221001
文摘Switch policy is essential for small cells to properly serve variable number of users in an energy efficient way.However,frequently switching small cell base stations(SBSs) may increase the network operating cost,especially when there is an nonnegligible start-up energy cost.To this end,by observing the variety of user number,we focus on the design of a switch policy which minimize the cumulative energy consumption.A given user transmission rate is guaranteed and the capability of SBSs are limited as well.According to the knowledge on user number variety,we classify the energy consumption problem into two cases.In complete information case,to minimize the cumulative energy consumption,an offline solution is proposed according to critical segments.A heuristic algorithm for incomplete information case(HAIIC) is proposed by tracking the difference of cumulative energy consumption.The upper bound of the Energy Consumption Ratio(ECR) for HAIIC is derived as well.In addition,a practical Q-learning based probabilistic policy is proposed.Simulation results show that the proposed HAIIC algorithm is able to save energy efficiently.
基金Projects(10871031, 60474070) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(07A001) supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department, China
文摘Based on the rough set theory which is a powerful tool in dealing with vagueness and uncertainty, an algorithm to mine association rules in incomplete information systems was presented and the support and confidence were redefined. The algorithm can mine the association rules with decision attributes directly without processing missing values. Using the incomplete dataset Mushroom from UCI machine learning repository, the new algorithm was compared with the classical association rules mining algorithm based on Apriori from the number of rules extracted, testing accuracy and execution time. The experiment results show that the new algorithm has advantages of short execution time and high accuracy.
基金supported by Key Program of the NSFC-Guangdong Union Foundation(Grant No.U1135002)Major National S&T Program(Grant No.2011ZX03005-002)+5 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.6087204161072066)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.JY10000903001JY10000901034K5051203010)GAD Pre-Research Foundation(Grant No.9140A15040210HK61)
文摘Since web services intended for the same application environment tend to be functionally homogeneous, researchers have turned to their non-functional aspects in order to constructively compare web services and choose an appropriate one. In general, quality of service is very important to users. Many schemes that consider quality assessment have been proposed for web service selection. With the increasing number of qualityrelated attributes, an effective quality assessment method needs satisfactory scalability. Schemes based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) meet this requirement. However, prevalent methods in this vein overlook the fact that the traditional AHP needs a complete judgment matrix. In practice, all the information needed to construct a judgment matrix is often unavailable for a variety of reasons, due to which certain judgments cannot be made. In this paper, for an incomplete judgment matrix, we propose an improved AHP approach to consistency verification and the subsequent ordering. Our method can deal with situations where information is insufficient,and inherits all the merits of the traditional AHP approach. A case study establishes the effectiveness of our proposed method.
文摘In this work, we perform a series of phonon counting measurement with different methods in a 3-mode optomechanical system, and we compare the difference of the entanglement after measurement. In this article we focus on the three eases： prefect measurement, imperfect measurement and on-off measurement. We find that whatever measurement you take, the entanglement will increase. The size of entanglement enhancement is the largest in the perfect measurement, second in the imperfect measurement, and it is not obvious in the on-off measurement. We are sure that the more precise measurement information, the larger entanglement concentration.
