The mechanical and microstructural properties as well as crystallographic textures of asymmetrically rolled low carbon steel were studied.The modelling of plastic deformation was carried out in two scales:in the macro...The mechanical and microstructural properties as well as crystallographic textures of asymmetrically rolled low carbon steel were studied.The modelling of plastic deformation was carried out in two scales:in the macro-scale,using the finite elements method,and in the crystallographic scale,using the polycrystalline deformation model.The internal stress distribution in the rolling gap was calculated using the finite elements method and these stresses were then applied to the polycrystalline elasto-plastic deformation model.Selected mechanical properties,namely residual stress distribution,deformation work,applied force and torques,and bend amplitude,were calculated.The diffraction measurements,X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction,enabled the examination of texture heterogeneity and selected microstructure characteristics.The predicted textures agree well with those determined experimentally.The plastic anisotropy of cold rolled ferritic steel samples,connected with texture,was expressed by Lankford coefficient.展开更多
This paper is focus on the brand effect of industrial agglomeration, and undertakes the following conclusions： firstly, regional industrial brand and industry agglomeration will influence each other. Secondly, indust...This paper is focus on the brand effect of industrial agglomeration, and undertakes the following conclusions： firstly, regional industrial brand and industry agglomeration will influence each other. Secondly, industrial agglomeration on regional industry brand has the strengthening mechanism. Thirdly, the more of enterprises in industrial cluster, the more ＂hitchhike＂ problems will occur. It shows that enterprises in promoting the regional industry brand will influence exacted input and reward asymmetry, causing the enterprise to promote the maintenance of regional industry brand intrinsic motivation deficiency. However, widespread presence ＂hitchhike＂ psychologicalexpectations. This led to the regional industrial brand are often not appropriate and reasonable maintenance and promotion.展开更多
By developing an analytical model, this paper examines the role of the ＂external appraiser＂ as a tool to face the informational asymmetry issue related to fair value measurements. A comparison between such a signali...By developing an analytical model, this paper examines the role of the ＂external appraiser＂ as a tool to face the informational asymmetry issue related to fair value measurements. A comparison between such a signaling mechanism and a ＂full fair value disclosure＂ is firstly carried out, highlighting variables affecting the efficiency and the effectiveness of both information strategies. Then, recovering the traditional distinction between ＂protective disclosure＂ （hard information） and ＂informative disclosure＂ （soft information）, this paper demonstrates how the former could significantly increase the positive effects associated to an employment of an independent valuer, reaching some conclusions useful to the standard setting process.展开更多
The aim of the study is to present features of a complex system and rind the relations making the symmetry gain its sense in asymmetric wold. The study prepared in the form of a mental experiment shows that a system c...The aim of the study is to present features of a complex system and rind the relations making the symmetry gain its sense in asymmetric wold. The study prepared in the form of a mental experiment shows that a system can exist in two states and two orientations and the mechanisms described in the study transform the system. The mechanisms causing the transformations are also presented as well as the role of symmetry which leads to the system＇s asymmetry.展开更多
We used a two-dimensional quasi-geostrophic barotropic model simulation to study effects of an initial brows-like meso-scale vortex on tropical cyclone (TC) track. Our results show that the impact of each of the three...We used a two-dimensional quasi-geostrophic barotropic model simulation to study effects of an initial brows-like meso-scale vortex on tropical cyclone (TC) track. Our results show that the impact of each of the three foundational factors (the environ- mental current, the asymmetric structure and the asymmetric convection system) on TC track varies with time and the im- portance of each of the factors is different for the different TC motion time period. They show two kinds of the effects. One is a direct way. The asymmetric outer wind structure and the positive longitudinal wind speed averaged in radial-band (100-300) km in the period of (0-11) h are caused by the introduction of the initial brows-like meso-scale vortex, which results in TC track to turn to the north from the northwest directly. The other is an indirect influence. First, initial TC axisymmetric circula- tion becomes a non-axisyrnmetric circulation after the addition of the meso-scale vortex. The initial non-axisymmetric circula- tion experiences an axisymmetrizational process in the period of (0-11) h. Second, axisymmetrizationed TC horizontal size is enlarged after t=-12 h. Third, both the TC asymmetric structure and the TC energy dispersion induced-anticyclone are intensi- fied, which quickens the TC motion and results in the track to turn to the north indirectly. The TC motion is characterized by the unusual track under the direct and the indirect effect. The formation of the unusual track should be attributed to the com- mon effects of three factors, including the environmental flow, the TC asymmetric structure and the asymmetric convection system.展开更多
In this paper, globally-averaged, thermospheric total mass density, derived from the orbits of -5000 objects at 250, 400, and 550 km that were tracked from 1967 to 2006, has been used to quantitatively study the annua...In this paper, globally-averaged, thermospheric total mass density, derived from the orbits of -5000 objects at 250, 400, and 550 km that were tracked from 1967 to 2006, has been used to quantitatively study the annual asymmetry of thermospheric mass density and its mechanism（s）. The results show that thermospheric mass density had a significant annual asymmetry, which changed from year to year. The annual asymmetry at the three altitudes varied synchronously and its absolute value increased with altitudes. The results suggest that there is an annual asymmetry in solar EUV radiation that is caused by the difference in the Sun-Earth distance between the two solstices and the random variation of solar activity within a year. This change in radiation results in an annual change in the thermospheric temperature and thus the scale height of the neutral gas, and is the main cause of the annual asymmetry of thermospheric mass density. The annual asymmetry of mass density increases with altitude because of the accumulating effect of the changes in neutral temperature and scale height in the vertical direction.展开更多
We investigate a spin-to-charge conversion mechanism which maps the spin singlet and triplet states to two charge states differing by one electron mediated by an intermediate metastable charge state. This mechanism al...We investigate a spin-to-charge conversion mechanism which maps the spin singlet and triplet states to two charge states differing by one electron mediated by an intermediate metastable charge state. This mechanism allows us to observe fringes in the spin-unblocked region beyond the triplet transition line in the measurement of the exchange oscillations between singlet and triplet states in a four-electron dou- ble quantum dot. Moreover, these fringes are amplified and π-phase shifted, compared with those in the spin blockade region. Unlike the signal enhancement mechanism reported before which produces similar effects, this mechanism only requires one dot coupling to the lead, which is a commonly encountered case especially in imperfect devices. Besides, the crucial tunnel rate asymmetry is provided by the dependence on spin state, not by the asymmetric couplings to the leads. We also design a scheme to control the amplification process, which enables us to extract the relevant time parameters. This mechanism will have potential applications in future investigations of spin qubits.展开更多
基金Projects(DEC-2011/01/B/ST8/07394,DEC-2011/01/D/ST8/07399)supported by the Polish National Centre for Science(NCN)The support of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and of the French ANR 05-BLAN-0383 project
文摘The mechanical and microstructural properties as well as crystallographic textures of asymmetrically rolled low carbon steel were studied.The modelling of plastic deformation was carried out in two scales:in the macro-scale,using the finite elements method,and in the crystallographic scale,using the polycrystalline deformation model.The internal stress distribution in the rolling gap was calculated using the finite elements method and these stresses were then applied to the polycrystalline elasto-plastic deformation model.Selected mechanical properties,namely residual stress distribution,deformation work,applied force and torques,and bend amplitude,were calculated.The diffraction measurements,X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction,enabled the examination of texture heterogeneity and selected microstructure characteristics.The predicted textures agree well with those determined experimentally.The plastic anisotropy of cold rolled ferritic steel samples,connected with texture,was expressed by Lankford coefficient.
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENT This paper was sponsor by National Natural Science Foundation of China （Youth Project ）： ＂Chinese regional industry brand diffusion path and structural industry policy research＂, project number （71003029） and Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Department of science and technology project （social development project ）：＂ Guangdong＂ double transfer＂ strategy under the optimization of industrial structure and regional financial support services＂, project number （2010B080701029）
文摘This paper is focus on the brand effect of industrial agglomeration, and undertakes the following conclusions： firstly, regional industrial brand and industry agglomeration will influence each other. Secondly, industrial agglomeration on regional industry brand has the strengthening mechanism. Thirdly, the more of enterprises in industrial cluster, the more ＂hitchhike＂ problems will occur. It shows that enterprises in promoting the regional industry brand will influence exacted input and reward asymmetry, causing the enterprise to promote the maintenance of regional industry brand intrinsic motivation deficiency. However, widespread presence ＂hitchhike＂ psychologicalexpectations. This led to the regional industrial brand are often not appropriate and reasonable maintenance and promotion.
文摘By developing an analytical model, this paper examines the role of the ＂external appraiser＂ as a tool to face the informational asymmetry issue related to fair value measurements. A comparison between such a signaling mechanism and a ＂full fair value disclosure＂ is firstly carried out, highlighting variables affecting the efficiency and the effectiveness of both information strategies. Then, recovering the traditional distinction between ＂protective disclosure＂ （hard information） and ＂informative disclosure＂ （soft information）, this paper demonstrates how the former could significantly increase the positive effects associated to an employment of an independent valuer, reaching some conclusions useful to the standard setting process.
文摘The aim of the study is to present features of a complex system and rind the relations making the symmetry gain its sense in asymmetric wold. The study prepared in the form of a mental experiment shows that a system can exist in two states and two orientations and the mechanisms described in the study transform the system. The mechanisms causing the transformations are also presented as well as the role of symmetry which leads to the system＇s asymmetry.
基金supported by,National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.40775038,40875031,40975036 and 40730948)Wuxi Research Center for Environment Science and Technology
文摘We used a two-dimensional quasi-geostrophic barotropic model simulation to study effects of an initial brows-like meso-scale vortex on tropical cyclone (TC) track. Our results show that the impact of each of the three foundational factors (the environ- mental current, the asymmetric structure and the asymmetric convection system) on TC track varies with time and the im- portance of each of the factors is different for the different TC motion time period. They show two kinds of the effects. One is a direct way. The asymmetric outer wind structure and the positive longitudinal wind speed averaged in radial-band (100-300) km in the period of (0-11) h are caused by the introduction of the initial brows-like meso-scale vortex, which results in TC track to turn to the north from the northwest directly. The other is an indirect influence. First, initial TC axisymmetric circula- tion becomes a non-axisyrnmetric circulation after the addition of the meso-scale vortex. The initial non-axisymmetric circula- tion experiences an axisymmetrizational process in the period of (0-11) h. Second, axisymmetrizationed TC horizontal size is enlarged after t=-12 h. Third, both the TC asymmetric structure and the TC energy dispersion induced-anticyclone are intensi- fied, which quickens the TC motion and results in the track to turn to the north indirectly. The TC motion is characterized by the unusual track under the direct and the indirect effect. The formation of the unusual track should be attributed to the com- mon effects of three factors, including the environmental flow, the TC asymmetric structure and the asymmetric convection system.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZZD-EW-01-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41229001,41331069,41174139)+1 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratoriessupported by the US National Science Foundation
文摘In this paper, globally-averaged, thermospheric total mass density, derived from the orbits of -5000 objects at 250, 400, and 550 km that were tracked from 1967 to 2006, has been used to quantitatively study the annual asymmetry of thermospheric mass density and its mechanism（s）. The results show that thermospheric mass density had a significant annual asymmetry, which changed from year to year. The annual asymmetry at the three altitudes varied synchronously and its absolute value increased with altitudes. The results suggest that there is an annual asymmetry in solar EUV radiation that is caused by the difference in the Sun-Earth distance between the two solstices and the random variation of solar activity within a year. This change in radiation results in an annual change in the thermospheric temperature and thus the scale height of the neutral gas, and is the main cause of the annual asymmetry of thermospheric mass density. The annual asymmetry of mass density increases with altitude because of the accumulating effect of the changes in neutral temperature and scale height in the vertical direction.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFA0301700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11674300, 11304301, 11575172,61674132, and 91421303)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB01030000)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central UniversitiesThis work was partially carried out at the USTC Center for Micro and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication
文摘We investigate a spin-to-charge conversion mechanism which maps the spin singlet and triplet states to two charge states differing by one electron mediated by an intermediate metastable charge state. This mechanism allows us to observe fringes in the spin-unblocked region beyond the triplet transition line in the measurement of the exchange oscillations between singlet and triplet states in a four-electron dou- ble quantum dot. Moreover, these fringes are amplified and π-phase shifted, compared with those in the spin blockade region. Unlike the signal enhancement mechanism reported before which produces similar effects, this mechanism only requires one dot coupling to the lead, which is a commonly encountered case especially in imperfect devices. Besides, the crucial tunnel rate asymmetry is provided by the dependence on spin state, not by the asymmetric couplings to the leads. We also design a scheme to control the amplification process, which enables us to extract the relevant time parameters. This mechanism will have potential applications in future investigations of spin qubits.
