The main features of top-flcor rooms with natural ventilation are identified by investigating indoor thermal environment in summer season. One is high indoor air temperature, for this reason the indoor climate is far ...The main features of top-flcor rooms with natural ventilation are identified by investigating indoor thermal environment in summer season. One is high indoor air temperature, for this reason the indoor climate is far beyond the thermal comfort standard; the other is the inhomogeneons temperature distribution of the inner wall surfaces, and high temperature of the inner surface of the roof causes much scorching to the head of occupant. This is the characteristic of such rooms. Both features mentioned above should be considered comprehensively for the evaluation of indoor thermal environment of the top-floor rooms with asymmetric radiant field. In order to characterize the indoor thermal environment of the rooms, the heat stress index, HSI and radiant heat flux reaching human head, Q_R should be introduced simultaneously as thermal indexes for the indoor climate evaluation. The application of the indexes to a topfloor room is presented and analyzed.展开更多
In this paper, globally-averaged, thermospheric total mass density, derived from the orbits of -5000 objects at 250, 400, and 550 km that were tracked from 1967 to 2006, has been used to quantitatively study the annua...In this paper, globally-averaged, thermospheric total mass density, derived from the orbits of -5000 objects at 250, 400, and 550 km that were tracked from 1967 to 2006, has been used to quantitatively study the annual asymmetry of thermospheric mass density and its mechanism（s）. The results show that thermospheric mass density had a significant annual asymmetry, which changed from year to year. The annual asymmetry at the three altitudes varied synchronously and its absolute value increased with altitudes. The results suggest that there is an annual asymmetry in solar EUV radiation that is caused by the difference in the Sun-Earth distance between the two solstices and the random variation of solar activity within a year. This change in radiation results in an annual change in the thermospheric temperature and thus the scale height of the neutral gas, and is the main cause of the annual asymmetry of thermospheric mass density. The annual asymmetry of mass density increases with altitude because of the accumulating effect of the changes in neutral temperature and scale height in the vertical direction.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. 50125821)
文摘The main features of top-flcor rooms with natural ventilation are identified by investigating indoor thermal environment in summer season. One is high indoor air temperature, for this reason the indoor climate is far beyond the thermal comfort standard; the other is the inhomogeneons temperature distribution of the inner wall surfaces, and high temperature of the inner surface of the roof causes much scorching to the head of occupant. This is the characteristic of such rooms. Both features mentioned above should be considered comprehensively for the evaluation of indoor thermal environment of the top-floor rooms with asymmetric radiant field. In order to characterize the indoor thermal environment of the rooms, the heat stress index, HSI and radiant heat flux reaching human head, Q_R should be introduced simultaneously as thermal indexes for the indoor climate evaluation. The application of the indexes to a topfloor room is presented and analyzed.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZZD-EW-01-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41229001,41331069,41174139)+1 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratoriessupported by the US National Science Foundation
文摘In this paper, globally-averaged, thermospheric total mass density, derived from the orbits of -5000 objects at 250, 400, and 550 km that were tracked from 1967 to 2006, has been used to quantitatively study the annual asymmetry of thermospheric mass density and its mechanism（s）. The results show that thermospheric mass density had a significant annual asymmetry, which changed from year to year. The annual asymmetry at the three altitudes varied synchronously and its absolute value increased with altitudes. The results suggest that there is an annual asymmetry in solar EUV radiation that is caused by the difference in the Sun-Earth distance between the two solstices and the random variation of solar activity within a year. This change in radiation results in an annual change in the thermospheric temperature and thus the scale height of the neutral gas, and is the main cause of the annual asymmetry of thermospheric mass density. The annual asymmetry of mass density increases with altitude because of the accumulating effect of the changes in neutral temperature and scale height in the vertical direction.
