长尾理论用于汽车维修企业库存管理研究——以不常用配件为例

目前汽车维修企业在库存管理上普遍采用ABC分析法的库存策略,但是由于不常用汽车配件具有采购周期长、需求不固定、需求量少等特性,对这些配件的库存管理控制,ABC分析法在实际应用中存在着一定的不足之处,而长尾理论的应用能够克服这样的缺点。以柳州汽车维修企业不常用汽车配件调查研究为背景,引入长尾理论,围绕汽车维修企业不常用构建库存控制问题,进行了库存管理现状分析,并提出了合理化建议。

吴语副词“不常”、“怪见”的来源

吴语副词"不常"产生于宋代,是受到时间副词"不时"的类推而"相因生义"的结果。副词"不常"在清代以后就消亡了。"怪见"产生于唐代,元代基本停用,明代重新出现,明代以后走向消亡。它是古汉语中处于类似状语位置上的偏正短语"怪见"经重新分析而产生功能迁移,并在语境吸收、平行虚化、频率原则、韵律规则等因素共同作用下虚化而成的。

叛服不常——略论慕容鲜卑与西晋的关系

慕容鲜卑与西晋的关系可以追溯到西晋建立前,慕容鲜卑曾在其首领莫护跋的带领下,帮助司马懿讨伐公孙氏政权,慕容鲜卑自此在辽西建国。此后,从慕容涉归的由服到叛,再到慕容廆的由叛到服,慕容鲜卑对西晋可谓是叛服不常。慕容鲜卑也正是借助西晋之势,在西晋汉士族的帮助下完成了最原始的资本积累,为第一个慕容燕政权的诞生奠定了坚实的基础。

中药房不常用中药饮片管理存在问题分析及对策探讨

目的：对中药房不常用中药饮片管理存在问题和对策进行分析。方法：选取2010年5月~2015年5月我院中药房不常用中药饮片发生管理问题36例,对其中发生问题及应对策略进行分析。结果：36例患者中质量问题10例、炮制方法问题5例、贮藏不当问题7例、调配问题8例,依据不同的问题给予对应的策略。结论：对于我院不常用中药饮片,需提高不常用中药饮片的贮藏环境,提高炮制方法,中药饮片进货渠道明确质量实施专人把关记录在案,同时定期对中药房管理人员实施专业技术培训,增加专业技术知识的掌握和学习,对不常用的中药饮片应加强管理。

巫婆的门不常开

我的世界，方形充斥。 比如，我的每件衣服，都缀满了大大小小、五颜六色的方块布。比如，我的名字，就叫阿方。

Role of tissue microenvironment resident adipocytes in colon cancer

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a multifactorial disease characterized by several genetic and epigenetic alterations occurring in epithelial cells. It is increasingly recognized that tumour progression is also regulated by tumour microenvironment(TME). The bidirectional cross-talk between tumour resident adipocytes and cancer cells within TME has been proposed as active contributor to carcinogenesis. Tumour resident adipocytes exhibit an activated phenotype characterized by increased secretion of pro-tumorigenic factors(angiogenic/inflammatory/immune) which contribute to cancer cell proliferation, invasion, neoangiogenesis, evasion of immune surveillance and therapy resistance. Furthermore, adipocytes represent a fuel rich source for increasing energy demand of rapidly proliferating tumour cells. Interestingly, a relationship between obesity and molecular variants in CRC has recently been identified. Whether adipose tissue promotes cancer progression in subsets of molecular phenotypes or whether local tissue adipocytes are involved in inactivation of tumour suppressor genes and/or activation of oncogenes still needs to be explored. This editorial highlights the major findings related to crosstalk between adipocytes and colon cancer cells and how local paracrine interactions may promote cancer progression. Furthermore, we provide future strategies in studying colonic TME which could provide insights in bidirectional cross-talk mechanisms between adipocytes and colonic epithelial cells. This could enable to decipher critical signalling pathways of both early colonic carcinogenesis and cancer progression.

Transarterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads in hepatocellular carcinoma

Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) is a widely used standard treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) who are not suitable candidates for curative treatments. The rationale for TACE is that intra-arterial chemotherapy using lipiodol and chemotherapeutic agents, followed by selective vascular embolization, results in a strong cytotoxic effect as well as ischemia(conventional TACE). Recently, drugeluting beads(DC Beads?) have been developed for transcatheter treatment of HCC to deliver higher doses of the chemotherapeutic agent and to prolong contact time with the tumor. DC Beads? can actively sequester doxorubicin hydrochloride from solution and release it in a controlled sustained fashion. Treatment with DC Beads? substantially reduced the amount of chemotherapeutic agent that reached the systemic circulation compared with conventional, lipiodol-based regimens, significantly reducing drug-related adverse events. In this article, we describe the treatment response, survival, and safety of TACE used with drugeluting beads for the treatment of HCC and discuss future therapeutic possibilities.

Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics Subject to the Anomalous Langevin Equation in Liouville Space

Considering that thermodynarmic irreversibility and hydrodynamic equations can not be derived rigorously and unifiedly from the Liouville equations, the anomalous Langevin equation in the Liouville space is proposed as a fundamental equation of statistical physics. This equation reflects that the law of motion of particles obeying reversible, deterministic laws in dynamics becomes irreversible and stochastic in thermodynamics. From this the fundamental equations of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, the principle of entropy increase and the theorem of minimum entropy production have been derived. The hydrodynamic equations, such as the generalized Navier-Stokes equation and the mass drift-diffusion equation etc. have been derived rigorously from the kinetic kinetic equation which is reduced from the anomalous Langevin equation in Liouville space. All these are unified and self consistent. But it is difficult to prove that entropy production density σ can never be negative everywhere for all the isolated inhomogeneous systems far from equilibrium.

Effects on the population dynamics of Brachionus rubens(Rotifera)caused by mercury and cadmium administered through medium and algal food Chlorella vulgaris

Due to industrial activities,heavy metal concentrations in aquatic systems of Mexico,are on the rise.Zooplankton,particularly rotifers,being sensitive and common components of freshwater,are widely used in ecotoxicological tests for establishing water quality criteria.Depending on the route of exposure(i.e.via medium or algal food),the toxicity of heavy metals varies.In the present study we evaluated the effect of cadmium and mercury exposed through medium and via algal food for the rotifer B.rubens.For both the heavy metals,we exposed rotifers via medium containing Chlorella at 0.5×10^(6)cells/ml or fed daily on previously exposed(1,2 and 4 h)alga to the toxicants(using 5 times the value of LC_(50)for B.rubens).For cadmium toxicity through medium,we used 3 toxicant levels(0.1,0.2 and 0.4 mg/L)and for mercury,we used 0.005,0.010 and 0.015 mg/L.Based on the LC_(50),B.rubens was 24 times more sensitive to mercury(0.035±0.002 mg/L)than cadmium.At a concentration of 0.4 mg/L,cadmium through the medium caused increased lag phase of B.rubens.When grown on Chlorella exposed for different durations to cadmium,the rotifer density decreased with the increasing duration of algal exposure to the heavy metal.When mercury was used in the medium or via algal food,the trends in the population growth of B.rubens were similar to those for cadmium.An increase in heavy metal concentration in the medium resulted in a decrease of the rate of population increase per day(r).The r varied from 0.33(in control)to 0.02 d^(-1)(in heavy metal treatment)depending on the mode of exposure though medium or via algal food.

Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas

Developmental anomalies of the pancreas have been reported but dorsal pancreatic agenesis is an extremely rare entity. We report an asymptomatic 62-year-old woman with complete agenesis of the dorsal pancreas. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a normal pancreatic head, but pancreatic body and tail were not visualized. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were similar to CT. At magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), the major pancreatic duct was short and the dorsal pancreatic duct was not visualized. The final diagnosis was dorsal pancreatic agenesis.

Endometrial Carcinoma Arising in Didelphic Uterus Accompanied by Right Renal Agenesis： A Case Report

MüLLERIAN duct anomalies （MDA） are abnor- malities occurring in the müllerian duct due to abnormal development of the uterus, cervix and vagina. Reported prevalence of this malformation in general population was 4%-5%. But real figure may be greater because of unawareness of these diseases due to its asymptomatic nature.

The Asymptotic Behavior for a Nonlinear Singularly Perturbed System

The asymptotic behavior of solution for a n-dimensional nonlinear singularly perturbed system is studied. Under the appropriate assumptions, the existence of solution for the system is proved and the estimation of the solution is given using the method of differential inequalities.

Use of antiarrhythmic drugs in elderly patients

Human aging is a global issue with important implications for current and future incidence and prevalence of health conditions and disability. Cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, sudden cardiac death, and bradycardia requiring pacemaker placement, all increase exponentially after the age of 60. It is important to distinguish between the normal, physiological consequences of aging on cardiac electrophysiology and the abnormal, pathological alterations. The age-related cardiac changes include ventricular hypertrophy, senile amyloidosis, cardiac valvular degenerative changes and annular calcification, fibrous infiltration of the conduction system, and loss of natural pacemaker cells and these changes could have a profound effect on the development of arrhythmias. The age-related cardiac electrophysiological changes include up- and down-regulation of specific ion channel expression and intmcellular Ca2＋ overload which promote the development of cardiac arrhythmias. As ion channels are the substrates of antiarrhythmic drugs, it follows that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs will also change with age. Aging alters the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of antiarrhythmic drugs, so liver and kidney function must be monitored to avoid potential adverse drug effects, and antiarrhythmic dosing may need to be adjusted for age. Elderly patients are also more susceptible to the side effects of many antiarrhytbanics, including bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention, and falls. Moreover, the choice of antiarrhythmic drugs in the elderly patient is frequently complicated by the presence of co-morbid conditions and by polypharmacy, and the astute physician must pay careful attention to potential drug-drug interactions. Finally, it is important to remember that the use of antiarrhythmic drugs in elderly patients must be individualized and tailored to each patient＇s physiology, disease processes, and medication regimen.

Applications of fluid substitution effect analysis on seismic interpretation

The root mean square(RMS) difference of time-lapse seismic amplitudes is routinely used to identify the substituted fluid type in a reservoir during oil field production and recovery. By a time-lapse seismic method, we study the effects of fluid substitution in a physical model, which is an analogy of the three-dimensional inhomogeneous reservoir. For a weak inhomogeneous medium, gas/oil substitution results in positive anomalies in the reservoir layers, and negative anomalies below the bottom of the reservoir layers; while water/oil substitution causes only weak variations in the reservoir layers, but positive anomalies below the bottom of the reservoir layers. For the strong inhomogeneous medium, no matter what kind of fluid substitution(gas/oil or water/oil), there are significant anomalies in seismic amplitude difference attributes both in and below the reservoir layers. Therefore, for weak inhomogeneous media, such as tight sandstone or thin interbedded layers, the RMS amplitude difference attributes can be used to monitor fluid changes and predict the drilling direction; for inhomogeneous medium with karst carves or fractures, it is difficult to accurately determine the distribution of fluids with the RMS amplitude difference attributes.

Biochemical composition of the alligator pipefish, Syngnathoides biaculeatus (Bloch, 1785)

Considering the economic importance in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and lack of baseline information, we evaluated the proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, trace element content and C:N ratio in the alligator pipefish, Syngnathoides biaculeatus. Amongst proximate principals, a crude protein formed the major biochemical component((58.9±2.2)% dry weight). Mean percent concentrations(dry weight) of other components such as a total lipid(TL), ash and nitrogen-free extract measured were,(1.8±0.2)%,(19.2±2.2)% and(20.1±0.45)%, respectively. The fatty acid profile revealed the presence of 27 saturated fatty acids(SFA) with 13 straight-chained and 14 branched-chained, 28 unsaturated fatty acids(UFA) with 14 monounsaturated and 14 polyunsaturated and nine other minor fatty acids. Mean percent contributions of total SFAs and UFAs to TL were found to be(55.41±0.24)% and(44.05±0.25)%, respectively. Altogether, 16 dif ferent amino acids with an equal number of essential(EAA) and non-essential(NAA) ones were identified. Percent contributions by EAA and NAA to the total amino acid content were 38.11% and 61.89%, respectively. Trace metal concentrations in S. biaculeatus were generally low and their distribution followed the order, Mg>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Hg>Co. The C:N ratio was(4.37±0.04)%. The profile of major biochemical constituents in alligator pipefish, S. biaculeatus revealed its potential use in TCM as well as a nutritional diet for human consumption. The results of the study would also form the basis for formulation and optimization of diets for the culture of S. biaculeatus.

Magnetoelastic Instability in Ring-Shaped Molecule Magnets with Next-Nearest Neighbor Coupling

In considering next-nearest neighbor （NNN） coupling, we numerically investigate the magnetoelastic instability in ring-shaped mesoscopic antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin 1/2 systems with spin-phonon interaction. The results indicate that, for antiferromagnetic NNN coupling J2, there may be a critical value J2^c, at which the ground state is dimerized for arbitrary lattice spring constant and beyond and below which the magnetoelastic instability behavior is different from each other. The values of J2^c are irrelevant to the system size. For ferromagnetic NNN coupling, only continuous transition is present from dimerized phase to uniform phase as lattice spring constant is increased.

Generalized Normal Derivatives and Their Applications in DDMs with Nonmatching Grids and DG Methods

A class of normal-like derivatives for functions with low regularity defined on Lipschitz domains are introduced and studied.It is shown that the new normal-like derivatives,which are called the generalized normal derivatives,preserve the major prop- erties of the existing standard normal derivatives.The generalized normal derivatives are then applied to analyze the convergence of domain decomposition methods (DDMs) with nonmatching grids and discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods for second-order el- liptic problems.The approximate solutions generated by these methods still possess the optimal energy-norm error estimates,even if the exact solutions to the underlying elliptic problems admit very low regularities.

Investigation of the Grain Growth Evolution in the AISI 304H Austenitic Stainless Steel

The austenitic stainless steels usually present an excellent combination of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties such as ductility in the annealed condition and high yield strength after cold deformation. Solution annealing in the AISI 304H is recommended before deformation process in order to improve ductility. However, long annealing during solution annealing can cause GG （grain growth） or AGG （abnormal grain growth） in the AISI 304H. In these cases, ductility is strongly decreased. Therefore, GG or AGG must be avoided during solution annealing. In this article, grain growth during solution annealing of the AISI 304H samples was determined. Samples of the AISI 304H were annealed at 1,100 ℃ for solution-annealing times varying from 15 min to 180 min. The results show that AGG took place for samples annealed at 1,100 ℃ for 30 min. In this condition, grain size reached 70 ± 10 μm. After annealing solution at 1,100 ℃ for 180 min, grain size reached 120 ~ 20 μm. In summary, the results shown that solution annealing at 1,100 ℃ even for relatively short annealing promotes the prompt increase of the grain size.

Interbreeding of mouth malformed and crooked-back Clarias gariepinus （Burchell, 1822）

Interspecific crossing was carried out among and between two strains of Clarias gariepinus with mouth malformation and crooked-back traits to determine the source（s） of their deformities and the effects of these morphological deformities on their growth and survival. Synthetic ovaprim hormone was used for their inducement at 0.5 mL/kg of the brood stock body weight at FEDAK integrated farm, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Under indoor management, highest mean survival rate was 73% recorded in the hybrid of female mouth malformed C. gariepinus x male crooked back C. gariepinus and the least mean survival rate was 70% recorded in the mouth malformed C. gariepinus parental. Under outdoor rearing crooked back C. gariepinus parental had the highest mean growth rate （11.20 grammes） while the hybrid of the cross between female crooked back C. gariepinus and male with mouth malformed C. gariepinus had the least mean growth rate （8.63 grammes）. High frequency of occurrence of various morphological aberrations （0.92%） was recorded in the mouth malformed C. gariepinus parental and low frequency of occurrence （0.57%） of morphological aberrations recorded in hybrid of female crooked back C. gariepinus x male mouth malformed C. gariepinus. The reoccurrence of some of these morphological deformities in Clarias is a mystery based on their consistent occurrence even under a very good hatchery management. More research works still need to be done in this area of study of Clarias to unravel the mystery behind this morphological imbalance, because the deformities play special roles in discouraging both the farmers and the consumers of this fish.

Singular Perturbations of Boundary Value Problems for a Class of Quasilinear Differential Equations

In this paper, the Nagumo theorem and the fixed-point theorem are used to prove the existence and the uniqueness and to estimate the asymptotic expansion of the shock solutions of the boundary value problems for a class of quasilinear differential equations, the asymptotic expansion of solution of any orders including boundary is obtained.