孤北水库围坝内坡塌陷和坝后管涌成因分析

1 工程概况 孤北水库是一座平原水库,位于胜利油田滨海,现行黄河以北;总库容5000万m^3。水库围坝全长15.65km,坝顶高程6.60m,坝基高程1.00m,设计水位5.00m。上游坝坡1:3,用双企口开孔150~#砼预制板护坡,砼板尺寸为50cm×50cm×20cm。

东风水库土坝病险成因的调查分析

东风水库位于福建省浦城县城西部10km处,集水面积37.06km^2,总库容2110万m^3,坝高35m,为一中型土石混合坝.工程于1959年11月动工,1960年6月大坝竣工,是一座边勘测、边设计、边施工的典型“三边”工程;是一用以灌溉、防洪、供水(自来水)、发电的综合性中型水库.自1962年5月始在背水坡发现微渗现象,并见堆石体凸出,1960～1980年曾出现六次明显的纵、横裂缝,八十年代初还发现白蚂蚁窝.补充钻探芯样见有“烂泥状”,探井壁有渗水.据多年观测资料分析,大部分测压管水力联系密切.左、右坝肩的全风化岩体是绕坝渗漏及日后可能毁坝的突破口,应引起足够的重视.

Primary Study of Rice AFLP Analysis Optimization of Reaction Conditions and Analysis of Thermo sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice Allelic Mutant Lines

AFLP analysis was performed between a pair of thermo_sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) rice allelic mutant lines (5460S and 5460F). The reaction conditions for rice AFLP assay were optimized. The relative efficiencies for polymorphism detection of RFLP, RAPD and AFLP were compared. The results indicated that the efficiency for polymorphism detection in rice was in the order of AFLP>RAPD>RFLP, and also indicated that AFLP was a powerful DNA molecular marker technique for polymorphism detection, especially in the case of extremely low polymorphism, such as isogenic lines and allelic mutant lines. Some of the AFLP products between the TGMS rice allelic mutant lines were cloned. Three of them were used as mixed probes to screen BAC library of rice line 5460S. 12 positive clones were screened out. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of these three molecular marker systems were discussed.

挖掘内部潜力 提高工程效益

党的十四届五中全会明确指出要实现“九五”和2010年的奋斗目标,关键是实现两个具有全局意义的根本性转变。各地在认真贯彻落实中央精神的同时,根据自身的实际情况,在管理体制、经营机制上进行了一些改革,在经济增长方式上,注重依靠科技进步和提高劳动者素质,走内涵、集约型发展之路,积极推进两个转变。现刊登一组基层管理单位在实行两个转变中的做法。

Effect of Different Soak Treatments on Breaking Seed Dormancy in Soil Seed Bank from Different Degraded Grasslands

[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of different soak treatments on breaking seed dormancy in soil seed bank from different degraded grasslands. [Method] Different concentrations of H2SO4,GA3 and KNO3 were used for soaking the seeds in the soil seed bank from different degraded grasslands,and the germination number of seeds was detected. [Result] When the seeds from soil seed bank were soaked with 60%,70%,80% and 90% H2SO4,the germination number of seeds was 0,indicating that the germination of seeds was inhibited; when the seeds were soaked with GA3,the germination number of seeds increased with the concentration of GA3 increasing. When the concentration of GA3 increased to 0.10%,the germination of seeds was inhibited; when the seeds were soaked with 0.2% KNO3,the germination number of seeds was greater than the blank control. [Conclusion] The number of remaining seeds was more in the soil seed banks collected from moderately degraded grassland and heavily degraded grassland; while the number of remaining seeds was small in the soil seed banks collected from lightly degraded grassland and extremely degraded grassland.

美国水电设施泥沙淤积问题日趋严重

美国水电设施泥沙淤积问题日趋严重 ,对水库功能和环境等方面造成了影响 ,为此采取了补救和预防措施。

Role of perioperative parenteral nutrition in severely malnourished patients with Crohn's disease

AIM： To evaluate the effect of perioperative parenteral nutrition on serum immunoglobulin, weight change, and post-operative outcome in severely malnourished patients with Crohn＇s disease. METHODS： Thirty-two severely malnourished patients with Crohn＇s disease who had undergone surgery in our hospital were reviewed. Sixteen patients who received perioperative parenteral nutrition were enrolled in the study group, and the other 16 patients who did not receive parenteral nutrition were enrolled in the control group. Serum immunoglobulin, body mass index （BMI）, liver function, weight change, and postoperative complications were evaluated. RESULTS： Serum IgM levels elevated 1 wk before surgery in both groups, and decreased to normal value （from 139±41 to 105±29 mg/dL, P = 0.04） 4 wk after operation in the study group, while no significant changes was noted in the control group （from 133±16 to 129±13 mg/dL, P = 0.34）. There were no significant changes in concentrations of IgG and IgA. The BMI of the study group increased from 13.9±0.6 to 15.3±0.7 kg/m^2 （P = 0.02） with no significant change in the control group （14.1±0.7 and 14.5±0.5, respectively, P = 0.81）. The percentage of resuming work was higher in the study group than in the control group. CONCLUSION： Perioperative parenteral nutrition possibly ameliorates the humoral immunity, reverses malnutrition, and facilitates rehabilitation. 2005 The WJG Press and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Safety diagnosis on coal mine production system based on fuzzy logic inference

According to the randomness and uncertainty of information in the safety diagnosis of coal mine production system (CMPS), a novel safety diagnosis method was proposed by applying fuzzy logic inference method, which consists of safety diagnosis fuzzifier, defuzzifier, fuzzy rules base and inference engine. Through the safety diagnosis on coal mine roadway rail transportation system, the result shows that the unsafe probability is about 0.5 influenced by no speed reduction and over quick turnout on roadway, which is the most possible reason leading to the accident of roadway rail transportation system.

Isolation and characterization of 45 polymorphic microsatellite loci of turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)and cross-species amplification

Turbot （Scophthalmus maximus） is a flatfish species commercially important for aquaculture. In this study, we generated a microsatellite-enriched genomic DNA library for Scophthalmus rnaxirnus, and then isolated and characterized 45 microsateIIite loci by genotyping 30 individuals. The observed number of alleles ranged from 2 to 19 with an average of 6.24, while the effective number of alleles ranged from 1.30 to 11.11 with an average of 3.66. The expected heterozygosities varied from 0.235 to 0.9254 and polymorphic information content ranged from 0.204 4 to 0.903 3, with an average of 0.622. Twelve loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and no significant linkage disequilibrium was observed between any pair of loci after Bonferroni correction. In cross-species amplification, five flatfish species （Paralichthys lethostigma, Verasper rnoseri, platichthys stellatus, Hippoglossoides dubius and Cynoglossus semilaevis） showed at least one polymorphic locus. These polymorphic microsatellite loci should prove useful for population analysis of turbot and other related species.

Role of Nuclear Coulomb Attraction in Nonsequential Double Ionization of Argon Atom

The microscopic recollision dynamics in strong-field nonsequential double ionization of Ar atoms is in- vestigated using three-dimensional classical ensembles. By adjusting the nuclear Coulomb potential, we can excellently reproduce the experimental results both within the laser intensity regimes well above the reeollision threshold and well below the recollision threshold quantitatively. More importantly, our trajectory analysis clearly reveals the particular electronic dynamics in recollision process： the momentum of the recolliding electron encounters a sudden change both in magnitude and in direction when it approaches the nucleus closely, which show that the nuclear Coulomb attraction plays a key role in the recollision process of nonsequential double ionization of Ar atoms.

An Improved Hilbert Curve for Parallel Spatial Data Partitioning

A novel Hilbert-curve is introduced for parallel spatial data partitioning, with consideration of the huge-amount property of spatial information and the variable-length characteristic of vector data items. Based on the improved Hilbert curve, the algorithm can be designed to achieve almost-uniform spatial data partitioning among multiple disks in parallel spatial databases. Thus, the phenomenon of data imbalance can be significantly avoided and search and query efficiency can be enhanced.

Unified Treatment of Screening Coulomb and Anharmonic Oscillator Potentials in Arbitrary Dimensions

A mapping is obtained relating radial screened Coulomb systems with low screening parameters to radial anharmonic oscillators in N-dimensional space. Using the formalism of supersymmetric quantum mechanics, it is shown that exact solutions of these potentials exist when the parameters satisfy certain constraints.

Kuhn and Taxonomies of History

This paper introduces the idea that if theories of history generate different taxonomies of history they too are incommensurable. I argue this is unavoidable for Kuhn given what he says about incommensurability and 1 investigate the consequences in relation to reflexivity, justification, and paradox for Kuhn＇s account of science. I want to do this on two levels, firstly looking at different possibilities for characterising individual paradigms. I will look at some examples from ancient and early modem astronomy as here it is clearest that paradigms can be characterised in different ways and that this has important consequences. I will argue in particular that Kuhn＇s characterisation of the paradigm for astronomy which emerges from antiquity （geocentrism） is favourable to his general account of the history of science, but that there is a very plausible and extremely damaging alternative. I argue that these differing characterisations generate differing, incommensurable taxonomies of the history of astronomy, with attendant ＂local holism,＂ untranslatability of key terms and issues of theory choice. If so, Kuhn then has problems with generating an adequate decision making protocol for choosing between the two paradigm characterisations. That is problematic in itself, but I also argue this problem is systemic and affects the evidence needed for Kuhn to justify his general account of the history of science. I also want to investigate the implications of differing taxonomies of the history of science at a more abstract level. Kuhn＇s general theory of the history of science generates a taxonomy of the history of science, as do other theories such as those of Popper and of gradualism. If so, the incommensurability involved here, again with attendant ＂local holism,＂ untranslatability of key terms and issues of theory choice, leads to issues of paradox and justification for Kuhn＇s general account of the history of science. With this broader understanding of taxonomic issues, some important Kuhn statements about scientific theories become self-referential, again generating problems of paradox and justification.

Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Reservoir Operation Based on Improved Set Pair Analysis

A comprehensive evaluation model based on improved set pair analysis is established. Considering the complexity in decision-making process, the model combines the certainties and uncertainties in the schemes, i.e., identical degree, different degree and opposite degree. The relations among different schemes are studied, and the traditional way of solving uncertainty problem is improved. By using the gray correlation to determine the difference degree, the problem of less evaluation indexes and inapparent linear relationship is solved. The difference between the evaluation parameters is smaller in both the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and fuzzy matter-element method, and the dipartite degree of the evaluation result is unobvious. However, the difference between each integrated connection degree is distinct in the improved set pair analysis. Results show that the proposed method is feasible and it obtains better effects than the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and fuzzy matter-element method.

Interpreting Kuhn＇s Incommensurability-Thesis： Its Different Meanings and Epistemological Consequences

Kuhn＇s incommensurability-thesis is crucial for consequences for the pursuit of epistemology. A interpreting his views on the development of science and their commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the publication of the original version of Kuhn＇s epoch-making book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions （henceforth： SSR） should thus provide a thorough reflection on this thesis. However, this thesis is not easy to interpret. It is not only complex in itself but has also undergone a historical development--in Kuhn＇s own hands and in those of his interpreters. In this article, I sort out the different interpretations of it, in particular, in Part A. In Part B, I demonstrate their epistemological consequences. Under closer scrutiny, Kuhn＇s incommensurability-thesis contains several sub-theses Different senses of ＂incommensurability＂ thus need to be distinguished. However, the way in which those distinctions are drawn in Kuhn-scholarship differs. In paragraph I of Part A, I provide an overview of the reception of the incommensurability-thesis in Kuhn-scholarship. In Paragraph II, I trace its development in Kuhn＇s later writings： given its importance and contested nature, Kuhn later clarifies his original thesis. Those later clarifications＇ main function consists in domesticating the most radically relativistic aspects his original incommensurability-thesis had, at least, in the eyes of his interpreters. The upshot of Part A （Paragraphs I and II） is to provide a coherent interpretation of Kuhn＇s incommensurability-thesis. To that end, I distinguish in line with much of Kuhn-scholarship a semantic from a methodological sense of incommensurability. In part B, the question is raised： What sort of epistemological consequences follow from both senses of incommensurability？ In particular, what consequences follow for the issues of reference, subjectivity （objectivity）, pluralism, and realism？ The underlying question is to what extent Kuhnian incommensurability caters to a relativistic understanding of those issues. This question is answered in Paragraph Ill with the help of the analyses of a currently leading Kuhn-scholar, C. H. Sankey. His answers are taken as a vantage point for my concluding evaluation of the consequences of Kuhnian incommensurability in Paragraph IV.

Uncertainty Analysis of Static Coulomb Stress Change Induced by Earthquake-A Case Study on the 2008 M_S8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake

Static Coulomb stress change induced by earthquake slip is frequently used to explain earthquake activities and aftershock distribution.However,some parameters for the Coulomb stress calculation are unable to be well constrained from laboratory experiments and field observations.Different parameters may directly affect the pattern of static Coulomb stress.The static Coulomb stress changes induced by the Wenchuan earthquake calculated by six research groups are not consistent with each other.To investigate how the parameters affect the calculation results,we change the parameters in turn through modeling and compare the results of different calculation parameters.We find that gravity,position and strike of receiver faults have little influence on coseismic Coulomb stress calculations,but other parameters can change the value and sign of the results in various degrees especially around the earthquake rupture plane.Therefore the uncertainty analysis of static Coulomb stress change induced by earthquake should be taken into consideration in the earthquake hazard analysis.

Construction and characterization of a normalized cDNA library of Nannochloropsis oculata(Eustigmatophyceae)

We constructed and characterized a normalized cDNA library of Nannochloropsis oculata CS-179,and obtained 905 nonredundant sequences(NRSs) ranging from 431-1 756 bp in length.Among them,496 were very similar to nonredundant ones in the GenBank(E ≤1.0e-05),and 349 ESTs had significant hits with the clusters of eukaryotic orthologous groups(KOG).Bases G and/or C at the third position of codons of 14 amino acid residues suggested a strong bias in the conserved domain of 362 NRSs(>60%).We also identified the unigenes encoding phosphorus and nitrogen transporters,suggesting that N.oculata could efficiently transport and metabolize phosphorus and nitrogen,and recognized the unigenes that involved in biosynthesis and storage of both fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs),which will facilitate the demonstration of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) biosynthesis pathway of N.oculata.In comparison with the original cDNA library,the normalized library significantly increased the efficiencies of random sequencing and rarely expressed genes discovering,and decreased the frequency of abundant gene sequences.

Emotion recognition of Uyghur speech using uncertain linear discriminant analysis

To achieve efficient a d compact low-dimensional features for speech emotion recognition,a novel featurereduction method using uncertain linear discriminant analysis is proposed.Using the same principles as for conventional linear discriminant analysis(LDA),uncertainties of the noisy or distorted input data ae employed in order to estimate maximaiy discriminant directions.The effectiveness of the proposed uncertain LDA(ULDA)is demonstrated in the Uyghur speech emotion recognition task.The emotional features of Uyghur speech,especially,the fundamental fequency and formant,a e analyzed in the collected emotional data.Then,ULDA is employed in dimensionality reduction of emotional features and better performance is achieved compared with other dimensionality reduction techniques.The speech emotion recognition of Uyghur is implemented by feeding the low-dimensional data to support vector machine(SVM)based on the proposed ULDA.The experimental results show that when employing a appropriate uncertainty estimation algorithm,uncertain LDA outperforms the conveetional LDA counterpart on Uyghur speech emotion recognition.

Kuhnian Understanding of Incommensurability and Implications of Paradigmatic Conception of Knowledge in International Relations

In international relations theory （maybe more than in any other discipline of social sciences）, the paradigmatic construction of Thomas Kuhn and his model of incommensurability might be applied to the theoretical interpretation of phenomena; and it is one of the cornerstones of the methodological toolkit for the interpretation in this field. The paper explores the reason why Kuhn＇s understanding of incommensurability seems to be necessary for the conception of knowledge in international relations： the concept of incommensurability can be considered typical as it is meant to indicate a conflict, of one form or another, between theories. And the discipline of international relations is more than a perfect ground for considering this concept when one is having in mind the high degree of polarized debate among rivalry theoretical schools （for interpreting and describing the identical phenomena） that is present from the very beginning of the discipline. Recalling the Kuhnian conception of science in paradigmatic view with an aim for understanding--international relations theory, the paper analyzes furthermore his rejection of the traditional dichotomy between “objectivisn”and ＂subjectivism.＂

Conversion of Australian Food Composition Data from AUSNUT1999 to 2007 in the Clinical Trial Context

An Australian food composition database, AUSNUT1999, does not include long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid （LC omega-3 PUFA） data. Measurement of the fatty acid content of diets initially analysed using AUSNUT1999 requires conversion to AUSNUT2007, an updated database inclusive of LC omega-3 PUFA. The aim of this study was to convert clinical trial dietary data from AUSNUT1999 to AUSNUT2007 and measure LC omega-3 PUFA intake. Clinical trial diet history （DH） data was converted from AUSNUTI999 to 2007 using a staged approach. Macronutrient intake from AUSNUTI999 and 2007 were calculated and compared via paired t-tests and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests. Mean dietary LC omega-3 PUFA intake and the percentage contribution of food groups to total LC omega-3 PUFA were then calculated. DHs were collected at baseline （n = 118）, three months （n = 86）, and 12 months （n = 64）. The accuracy of the conversion process improved with time, with no significant difference between most macronutrients at 12 months. Mean LC n-3 PUFA intake was 441.87 mg at baseline, 521.07 mg at 3 months, and 442.40 mg at 12 months, and was predominantly provided by fish and seafood, followed by meat products. This study allowed for the measurement of LC omega-3 intake, which was previously impossible using the AUSNUT 1999 database.