肉种鸡的光照不应性对养殖生产的不良影响分析

光照不应性是指鸡群对维持机体生产性能的光照周期或最初刺激没有产生反应。通常情况下,蛋鸡在生长发育过程中对光照比较敏感,不会存在光照不应性,虽然肉种鸡生长速度较快,但是对光照不敏感,目前仍然存在光照不应性。肉种鸡光照管理不当,在开产前进行光照刺激时,就会发生光照不应性,致使肉种鸡开产推迟、产蛋率上升缓慢、高峰产蛋率较低等,同时在产蛋期也会产生光照不应性,促使产蛋率下降速度加快,难以维持较高的产蛋水平,进而严重降低肉种鸡的生产性能。所以必须重视光照不应性对肉种鸡生产的不良影响,正确掌握光照不应性的特征和表现,在生产过程中根据鸡舍条件制定合理的光照程序,有利于充分挖掘肉种鸡的生产潜力。

由TSH刺激致电兴奋及其不应性

作为腺细胞的甲状腺细胞为TSH刺激也必然发生兴奋,然而有人报告这种TSH刺激引起的电兴奋存在不应性。一般认为即便是内分泌细胞也象肌肉或神经细胞一样,刺激可引起电兴奋。这种刺激所致的电兴奋可以认为是处于刺激—分泌链的最初阶段。这种看法很早以前就有。

雄性布氏田鼠光周期不应现象初探

日照时长是调控季节性繁殖动物性腺功能的重要因子。长期处于繁殖抑制光周期相位中的动物,往往出现性腺功能恢复的现象,被称为“光周期不应性”。布氏田鼠是严格的季节性繁殖鼠类,但是其光周期不应现象是否存在仍不明确。本研究对比了室内秋季出生的雄鼠在长光照(16 h)、短光照(8 h)和自然光照条件下的体重、睾丸、储精囊的重量,及粪便睾酮含量变化。结果表明,与长光照组相比,自然光照组和短光照组雄鼠性腺重量和睾酮含量在6周龄时被显著抑制,而在6~24周龄增长迅速,至24周龄(春分左右)达到长光照组水平。这些结果说明,短光照可以显著抑制雄性布氏田鼠性腺发育,但布氏田鼠存在光周期不应机制,在春季繁殖期到来前恢复性腺活性。

羟苯氨酮对心肌生理特性及细胞内游离钙的影响

目的了解羟苯氨酮(oxyphenamone)对心肌基本生理特性的影响及正性肌力作用机制。方法测定豚鼠离体乳头肌和心房肌张力与动作电位,Fura2/AM法测细胞内游离钙。结果羟苯氨酮剂量依赖性地增加心肌收缩力,延长收缩时程,减慢右房自发频率,减低心肌自律性,延长功能不应期和动作电位时程,不影响心肌兴奋性。它不增加心肌细胞内[Ca2+],甚至还能明显地对抗缺氧复氧所致的细胞内钙超载。结论除增强心肌收缩性外,羟苯氨酮对心肌的其他生理特性及细胞内[Ca2+]的影响不同于磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(PDEI)等正性肌力药,有希望发展成为一种不易导致心律失常的、不良反应较低的新型强心药。

Antidepressant effects of Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix) extract on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression in rats: modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway

Objective To investigate the antidepressant effects of Yuanzhi(Polygalae Radix;PR)aqueous extract on chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced depression rat models and the underlying mechanisms.Methods A total of 40 male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into control;model;low dose of PR(PR-L;0.5 g/kg);high dose of PR(PR-H;1 g/kg);and fluoxetine(10 mg/kg)groups;with 8 rats in each group.Except for the rats in control group;those in the other four groups underwent CUMS-induced depression modeling.PR and fluoxetine were administered intragastrically once daily;30 min prior to the CUMS procedure;for 14 consecu-tive days until the behavioral tests were performed.After CUMS modeling;the sucrose prefer-ence test(SPT);open field test(OFT);novelty-suppressed feeding test(NSFT);forced swim test(FST);and tail suspension test(TST)were employed to assess the pharmacological ef-fects of PR on the mitigation of depressive-like behaviors in rat models.Additionally;the en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was utilized to quantify the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α;interleukin(IL)-6;and IL-1βin the rats.Western blot analysis was al-so conducted to evaluate the protein expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB);in-ducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS);cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2);nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3);apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain(ASC);and caspase-1 in the hippocampal tissues of the rats.Immunofluorescence staining was per-formed to observe the morphological changes in ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 positive(Iba-1+)cells in the dentate gyrus(DG)of rats with CUMS-induced depression.Results(i)Treatment with PR-H and fluoxetine resulted in significant enhancements in both the total distance and time the rats moved during tests(P<0.01 and P<0.05;respectively).Post-administration of PR-H and fluoxetine also led to statistically significant increase in su-crose preference among rats(P<0.05).Besides;PR-L;PR-H;and fluoxetine treatment markedly decreased the latency of ingestion(P<0.05;P<0.05;and P<0.01;respectively).As observed from the FST;PR-L;PR-H;and fluoxetine presented antidepressant effects on rats with CUMS-induced depression;leading to the reduction in time of their immobility(P<0.05;P<0.01;and P<0.01;respectively).The results of TST indicated reduced immobility time in rats receiving PR-H and fluoxetine treatment as well(P<0.01).(ii)Rats in model group showed an increase in the levels of Iba-1+microglia in their left and right brains in compari-son with control group(P<0.01).However;such increase was negated post PR treatment(P<0.01).Treatment with PR-L;PR-H;and fluoxetine considerably reduced the levels of inflam-matory factors(TNF-α;IL-1β;and IL-6;P<0.01).In addition;treatment of PR-L and PR-H ef-fectively counteracted the elevated levels of NLRP3;ASC;and caspase-1;and markedly down-regulated the expression levels of phosphorylated p65(p-p65);COX-2;and iNOS in rats’hip-pocampus(P<0.01).Conclusion Collectively;these findings indicate that PR exerts an antidepressant effect on rats with CUMS-induced depression partially through the modulation of the NLRP3 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

基因检测的现状与未来

基因检测具有非常广泛的应用前景。在过去的十年中 ,该技术获得了长足的进步。人类的许多遗传缺陷可通过基因检测得到确认。然而 ,基因检测还存在着诸多技术上的难题 ,特别是对不应性突变的检测上 ,基因突变的检出率相当低 ,使基因检测的可信度受到怀疑 ,因此 ,对顺应性突变和不应性突变的检测 ,应当采取不同的方法 。

现代肉种母鸡饲养管理中应关注的重点(下)

上接《家禽科学》2015.10期第27页。2产蛋高峰前关注的重点重视鸡群的体况与光照刺激,高峰料的饲喂与体重控制。2.1现代肉种鸡光照管理的基本概念2.1.1年轻种鸡的光照不应期育成处于较长光照时间条件下,将来对于光照刺激反应不敏感,消除这种光照不应性需要大约18周的时间;育成处于较短时间的光照条件下且需要很好的遮黑效果,如图32;

Effects of Rhynchophylline on Guinea Pig Atria

本实验观察钩藤碱对豚鼠左右心房的作用。对自发节律右心房，钩藤碱具有负性变时作用，此作用在１５－２００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内呈浓度效应依赖关系。对电驱动离体左心房，钩藤碱在浓度大于２００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时产生负性肌力作用。２００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ钩藤碱使阈刺激波宽─强度曲线上移，表明心肌兴奋性下降。钩藤碱抑制肾上腺素诱发的心肌自律性，延长功能性不应期，显著抑制正阶梯现象。上述作用对抗心律失常有益，作用原理可能同其抑制钙内流有关。

抽象和具体概念具有不同结构的表示框架

The architecture supporting our conceptual knowledge of abstract words has rem ained almost entirely unexplored. By contrast, a vast neuropsychological, neurol inguistic and neuroimaging literature has addressed questions relating to the st ructure of the semantic system underpinning our knowledge of concrete items (e.g . artefacts and animals). In the context of semantic refractory access dysphasia , a series of experiments exploring and comparing abstract and concrete word com prehesion are described. We demonstrate that semantically associated abstract wo rds reliably interfere with one another significantly more than semantically syn onymous abstract words,while concrete words show the reverse pattern. We report the first evidence that abstract and concrete word meanings are based in represe ntational systems that have qualitatively different properties. More specificall y, we show that abstract concepts, but not concrete concepts, are represented in an associative neural network. Furthermore, our patient was found to have signi ficantly greater difficulty in identifying high frequency than low frequency abs tract words. This observation constitutes the first evidence of an inverse word frequency effect.Our results challenge the generality of many existing models of human conceptual knowledge, which derive their structure from experimental find ings in the concrete domain alone.

Schottky Barrier Characteristics of Polycrystalline and Epitaxial CoSi_2/n-Si(111) Contacts Formed by Solid State Reaction

Polycrystalline and epitaxial CoSi 2 films are formed on the n-Si (111) substrates by solid state reaction of the as-deposited Co single-layer and Co/Ti bilayer with Si,respectively at different annealing phase.The CoSi 2/Si Schottky contacts are measured with the current-voltage and capacitance-voltage (I-V/C-V) techniques within the range of temperature from 90K to room temperature.The measured I-V characteristics have been analyzed with a model based on the inhomogeneity in Schottky barrier height,i.e.,at high temperatures (≥～200K) or low temperatures but with a large bias,the I-V curves can be described by using the thermionic emission theory with a Gaussian distributed barrier height over the whole junction,while at low temperatures and with a small bias,the current is dominated by some small patches with low barrier height.It results in a plateau-like section in the low temperature I-V curves around 10 -7 A.At room temperature,the barrier height of polycrystalline CoSi 2/Si deduced from the I-V curve is about 0 57eV.For epitaxial CoSi 2,the barrier height depends on its final annealing temperature and increases from 0 54eV to 0 60eV with the annealing temperature increasing from 700℃ to 900℃.

造血器及淋巴系肿瘤

9902314 氟康唑治疗造血器官肿瘤病人对抗生素不应性热临床效果研究[日]/稻葉敏∥临床研究.-1997,74(8).-232～238 友谊医 9902315

呼吸系及胸部疾病

0113057 P 物质1次及反复给予激起呼吸道血管渗透性亢进反应的特征,尤其关于反应持续时间和不应性有无的研究[日]/德山研一//呼吸.-1999,18(8)Suppl2-2.-S204

Differences in biological features of gastric dysplasia, indefinite dysplasia, reactive hyperplasia and discriminant analysis of these lesions

AIM: To investigate the differences in biological features of gastric dysplasia (Dys), indefinite dysplasia (IDys) and reactive hyperplasia (RH) by studying the biomarker alterations in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell cycle control and the expression of house-keeping genes, and further to search for markers which could be used in guiding the pathological diagnosis of three lesions. METHODS: Expressions of MUC5AC, MUC6, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), p53, Ki-67, proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and EGFR were studied by immunohistochemistry with a standard Envision technique in formalinfixed and paraffin-embedded specimens from 43 RH, 35 IDys, 35 Dys and 36 intestinal type gastric carcinomas (IGC). In addition, Bayes discriminant analysis was used to investigate the value of markers studied in differential diagnosis of RH, IDys, Dys and IGC. RESULTS: The MUC5AC and MUC6 antigen expressions in RH, IDys, Dys and IGC decreased gradually (MUC5AC:86.04%, 77.14%, 28.57%, 6.67%; MUC6: 65.15%, 54.29%, 20.00%, 25.00%, respectively). The expressions of the two markers had no significant difference between RH and IDys, but were all significantly higher than those ofthe other two lesions (MUC5AC: x2 = 27.607, 38.027 and 17.33, 26.092; MUC6: x2= 16.54, 12.665 and 9.282, 6.737, P＜0.01). There was no significant differencebetween RH and IDys, Dys and IGC in MUC6 expression. The APC gene expression in the four lesions had a similar decreasing tendency (RH 69.76%, IDys 68.57%, Dys39.39%, IGC 22.86%), and it was significantly higher in the first two lesions than in the last two (x2 = 7.011,16.995 and 14.737, 19.817, P＜0.05). The p53 expressionin RH, IDys, Dys and IGC was 6.98%, 20%, 57.14% and 50%, respectively. There was no significant differencebetween RH and IDys or Dys and IGC, but the p53 expression in RH and IDys was significantly lower than that in Dys and IGC (x2 = 7.011, 16.995 and 14.737, 19.817, P＜0.01).The Ki-67 label index was significantly different among four lesions (RH: 0.298±8.92%, IDys: 0.358±9.25%,Dys: 0.498±9.03%, IGC: 0.620±10.8%, P＜0.001). Positive immunostaining of PCNA was though observed in all specimens, significant differences were detected among four lesions (F= 95.318, P＜0.01). In addition, we used Bayes discriminant analysis to investigate molecular pathological classification of the lesions, and obtained the best result with the combination of MUC5AC, Ki-67 and PCNA. The overall rate of correct classification was67.4% (RH), 68.6% (IDys), 70.6% (Dys) and 84.8% (IGC), respectively.CONCLUSION: Dys has neoplastic biological characteristics, while RH and IDys display hyperplastic characteristics. MUC5AC and proliferation-related biomarkers (Ki-67, PCNA) are more specific in distinguishing Dys from RH and IDys.

Effect of microstructure inhomogeneity on mechanical properties of different zones in TA15 electron beam welded joints

The effects of microstructure inhomogeneity on the mechanical properties of different zones in TA15 electron beam welded joints were investigated using a micromechanics-based finite element method.Considering the indentation size effect,the mechanical properties for constituent phases of the base metal(BM) and heat affected zone(HAZ) were determined by the instrumented nano-indentation test.The macroscopic mechanical properties of BM and HAZ obtained from the tensile test agree well with the numerical results.The incompatible deformation between the constituent phases tends to localize along the softer primary phase a where failure usually initiates in form of localized plastic strain.Compared with the BM,the mechanical properties of constituent phases in the HAZ differ substantially,leading to more serious strain localization behavior.

Influence of radial forging process on strain inhomogeneity of hollow gear shaft using finite element method and orthogonal design

Due to the current trend towards lightweight design in automotive industry,hollow stepped gear shafts for automobile and its radial forging process are widely investigated.Utilizing coupled finite element thermo-mechanical model,radial forging process of a hollow stepped gear shaft for automobile was simulated.The optimal combination of three process parameters including initial temperature,rotation rate and radial reduction was also selected using orthogonal design method.To examine the strain inhomogeneity of the forging workpiece,the strain inhomogeneity factor was introduced.The results reveal that the maximum effective strain and the minimum effective strain appeared in the outermost and innermost zones of different cross sections for the hollow stepped gear shaft,respectively.Optimal forging parameters are determined as a combination of initial temperature of 780°C,rotation rate of 21°/stroke and radial reduction of 3 mm.

Spatial Scale Effects of Water Erosion Dynamics:Complexities, Variabilities, and Uncertainties

Severe water erosion is notorious for its harmful effects on land-water resources as well as local societies. The scale effects of water erosion, however, greatly exacerbate the difficulties of accurate erosion evaluation and hazard control in the real world. Analyzing the related scale issues is thus urgent for a better understanding of erosion variations as well as reducing such erosion. In this review article, water erosion dynamics across three spatial scales including plot, watershed, and regional scales were selected and discussed. For the study purposes and objectives, the advantages and disadvantages of these scales all demonstrate clear spatial-scale dependence. Plot scale studies are primarily focused on abundant data collection and mechanism discrimination of erosion generation, while watershed scale studies provide valuable information for watershed management and hazard control as well as the development of quantitatively distributed models. Regional studies concentrate more on large-scale erosion assessment, and serve policymakers and stakeholders in achieving the basis for regulatory policy for comprehensive land uses. The results of this study show that the driving forces and mechanisms of water erosion variations among the scales are quite different. As a result, several major aspects contributing to variations in water erosion across the scales are stressed: differences in the methodologies across various scales, different sink-source roles on water erosion processes, and diverse climatic zones and morphological regions. This variability becomes more complex in the context of accelerated global change. The changing climatic factors and earth surface features are considered the fourth key reason responsible for the increased variability of water erosion across spatial scales.

Numerical analysis of tunnel reinforcing influences on failure process of surrounding rock under explosive stress waves

Based on mesoscopic damage mechanics, numerical code RFPA2D （dynamic edition） was developed to analyze the influence of tunnel reinforcing on failure process of surrounding rock under explosive stress waves. The results show that the propagation phenomenon of stress wave in the surrounding rock of tunnel and the failure process of surrounding rock under explosive stress waves are reproduced realistically by using numerical code RFPA2O; from the failure process of surrounding rock, the place at which surrounding rock fractures is transferred because of tunnel reinforcing, and the rockfall and collapse caused by failure of surrounding rock are restrained by tunnel reinforcing; furthermore, the absolute values of peak values of major principal stress, and the minimal principal stress and shear stress at center point of tunnel roof are reduced because of tunnel reinforcing, and the displacement at center point of runnel roof is reduced as well, consequently the stability of tunnel increases.

Clearance Effects in Parallel Manipulators： Position Error Discontinuities and Inertial Effects Influence

Clearances at joints cause an uncertainty in the actual posture of the end-effector of any mechanism. This uncertainty relays on the clearance dimension and the way these clearances are taken up by the mechanism under the load and the inertial effects at every instant. As a matter of fact, the actual measure of the pose error is often replaced by an uncertainty measure. However, a side effect of the existence of clearances is that they can cause sudden changes in the posture of the mechanism as a motion is performed. Such discontinuities in the position produce task defects and impacts. In this work a tool to determine the pose error due to clearances is presented together with a discontinuity analysis. In addition, effects of mass distribution and inertial effects on such discontinuities are expounded, taking a 3-PRS robot as example.

The effect and side effects of Gemcitabine plus Vinorelbine in patients with triple-negative metastatic breast cancer

Objective： The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor activity and safety of Gemcitabine （GEM） combined with Vinorelbine （NVB） in patients with advanced TNABC after chemotherapy. Methods： Thirty-seven patients with immunohistochemical proved TNABC were enrolled. The patients received 21-day cycles of NVB 25mg/m^2 i.v. with GEM 1000 mg/m^2 i.v. on days 1 and 8. Results： A total of 136 cycles were given to 37 patients（median 4 cycles, ranged 2-6 cycles）. The treatment response was evaluable in all patients. Of the 37 patients, 1 received complete remission （CR）, 8 received partial remission （PR）, 20 had stable disease （SD）, 9 had progressive disease （PD）. Overall objective response （CR＋ PR） were 24.3 %. The median time to progress （TTP） was 6 months （95% CI, 4-6 months）. The median overall survival was 24 months （95% CI, 11-37 months）. The median 1-year survival rate was （66.24±8.43）%. The median 3-year survival rate was （28.77±11.96）%. The major adverse events were grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ myelosuppression, peripheral neurologic toxicities, nausea and vomiting. Some patients had rash and hepatic dysfunction. A total of 40% of patients experienced flu-like symptoms. Alopecia and diarrhea were rare. Conclusion： The combination of GEM and NVB is an effective and well tolerated regimen for the patients with TNABC.