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论不动产善意取得的善意标准及善意认定 被引量:8
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作者 孟勤国 蒋光辉 《河南财经政法大学学报》 北大核心 2013年第3期85-94,共10页
不动产善意取得对于第三人善意的要求,是与动产一样,要求第三人对处分人无处分权"不知且不应知",还是仅要求"不知",存在不同看法。从解释论角度,以文义、体系和逻辑、立法、比较法等诸方面解释,都应作与动产善意取... 不动产善意取得对于第三人善意的要求,是与动产一样,要求第三人对处分人无处分权"不知且不应知",还是仅要求"不知",存在不同看法。从解释论角度,以文义、体系和逻辑、立法、比较法等诸方面解释,都应作与动产善意取得相同解释。德国民法、理论学说不应作为解释依据。从立法论角度,德国标准,排除了"不应知",不仅保护对登记将信将疑者,而且保护基本不信者甚至完全不信者,违背了信赖保护的本质和意义,并不可取。从我国国情出发,采"不知且不应知"更合理。善意的认定,应由否定第三人善意的权利人举证。要求第三人实际查阅登记簿没有必要,但占有、交付可作为认定是否善意的依据。若登记人与占有人一致,或登记人能现实交付不动产,受让人即为善意。 展开更多
关键词 善意 不动产 登记 不应知
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ADRs and Children: Knowledge and Methodological Standard in PASS (Post Authorization Safety Studies)
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作者 Ettore Napoleone Cristiana Scasserra 《Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology》 2017年第6期314-322,共9页
PhV (pharmacovigilance) knowledge has the outcome of being inadequate in particular due to the lack of instruction. Pediatricians have to face the realization that over-the-counter medicines increments the peril of ... PhV (pharmacovigilance) knowledge has the outcome of being inadequate in particular due to the lack of instruction. Pediatricians have to face the realization that over-the-counter medicines increments the peril of ADRs (adverse drug reactions) has become a public health concern. The purpose of this article is to disseminate knowledge of the PhV and to highlight the cultural and organizational difficulties for its implementation. The objectives of promoting the organization of specific training courses and research projects aimed at: (1) to foster the culture of iatrogenic disease in pediatrics; (2) to improve the appropriateness of prescribing drugs in children; (3) to enco.urage spontaneous reporting of ADRs in children; (4) to involve Pediatricians in PASS (post-authorization safety studies) according to GCP, GVP and ENCEPP Code of Conduct. An up to date proposal of PhV, a procedure of preparation improves the productivity of creating novel informative reports which can be utilized for a benefit/risk scrutiny making strides in medicine prescription. In this context, FP-MCRN (family paediatficians-medicines for children research network) established with the aim of developing competence, infrastructure and education for paediatric clinical trials, plays a crucial role in paediatric PhV, through an improvement of PhV training, a correct research methodology and very strong relationship with the families. The initial necessity is cultural, implementing culture of iatrogenic illnesses and a watchful evaluation of the importance of PASS by FPs (family pediatricians). Participation in clinical trials that generates a precise database administered by FPs together with follow-up outcomes becomes relevant and vital for a scrupulous and accurate assessment of ADRs. PASS can foresee on one hand training and information regarding the proper use of drugs in children and possible iatrogenic pathologies caused by their improper use, the other to constitute a territorial survey in the prescriptive appropriateness and safety of pediatric drugs aimed at evaluating the risk-benefit balance on usage. 展开更多
关键词 CHILDREN adverse drug reactions OFF-LABEL PHARMACOVIGILANCE post-marketing clinical studies.
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