Different Explants of Lilium lancifolium Have Different Potential to Differentiate and Regenerate in Tissue Culture

[Objective] The aim was to investigate differences in differentiation and regeneration of the explants from different parts of Lilium lancifolium（Yixing Lily） in tissue culture.[Method] The different parts of scale,leaf and root of Yixing Lily were cultured as explants on MS basic medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators,so as to compare their capacity to differentiate and regenerate.[Result] The explants had different potential to differentiate（scale root leaf）.The capacity of different scale parts to differentiate was the lower part middle partupper part;the capacity of different leaf parts to differentiate was the leaf base middle part leaf tip;the capacity of different root parts to differentiate was the root base root tip middle part.[Conclusion] Tissue culture could be well applied in propagation of Yixing Lily.

从先秦婚俗到清初太后下嫁

一 人类自母系氏族时期确立了普那路亚婚姻制以后,就基本排斥了母女共夫、甥舅共妻、父子共妻的不同辈份之间的乱婚现象,婚姻关系只能在同一辈份之间进行。此后,先民们又进一步认识列“男女同姓,其生不蕃”,同姓婚配,“不殖也”。于是伙婚制让位于对偶婚。据《帝王世纪》记载:帝喾有四妃:元妃有邰氏,曰姜嫄,生后稷;次妃有娀氏,曰简狄,生(占内)(即商人始祖契);次妃陈锋氏女,曰庄都,生放勋;次妃娵訾氏女,日常仪,生帝挚。这四妃的说法虽都已经过了后人以一妻多妾制婚姻形式的附会,但溯其渊源实际还是有对偶婚的影响,即一个主妻,三个次妻。

Research on a Method for Purification and Multiplication of PTGMS Lines

[Objective] The aims was to explore PTGMS line purification and multipli- cation technology. [Method] Three commercial PTGMS lines, Annong 810S, P88S and C815S, were used in this study. In the first year, two sterile line populations with same genetic background were multiplied by dividing seedling; meanwhile, se- lection and multiplication of the core individuals were conducted; within the year, the core seeds harvested were multiplied under the isolated condition in Hainan, and at the same time, superior individuals were selected and used as the seeds for two populations with same genetic background in the next year. In the second year, seeds harvested in Hainan were planted in Changsha, while the core individuals were selected and multiplied; the core seeds harvested were continued to multiply in Hainan. The above procedures were repeated in the following years. [Result] The test results showed that in two years the proportion of core individuals in the popu- lation of Annong 810S, P88S and C815S increased from 40.3%, 0.7% and 0.3% in the first year to 71.67%, 66.00% and 68.67% in the second year respectively. [Conclusion] This suggested that this method of purification and multiplication of the PTGMS lines for consecutive years can effectively control the drift of the critical sterility inducing temperature, and at the same time, core seeds with high purity and controlled inducing temperature can be harvested.

Preliminary Discussion on Stigma Vitality of Sterile Line Rong 18A and Its Application in Seed Production

Rong 18A is an Indica three-line sterile line bred with M5B×D Xing B, and has the characteristics of stable sterility, high outcrossing rate, good combining ability and good quality. With Rong 18A as an experimental material and Ⅱ-32A, Jin 23A and Gang46 A as the CK materials, a seed setting rate estimation method by daily pollination was used for measuring its stigma vigor, to comparatively analyze the decreasing rates and lasting time of stigma vigor of various materials under natural condition. According to experimental results and combining with field breeding practice, the application of stigma vigor of sterile lines on hybrid rice seed production was discussed.

Linkage Disequilibrium in Wild and Cultured Populations of Pacific Oyster(Crassostrea gigas)

Linkage disequilibrium(LD) can be applied for mapping the actual genes responsible for variation of economically important traits through association mapping.The feasibility and efficacy of association studies are strongly dependent on the extent of LD which determines the number and density of markers in the studied population,as well as the experimental design for an association analysis.In this study,we first characterized the extent of LD in a wild population and a cultured mass-selected line of Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas).A total of 88 wild and 96 cultured individuals were selected to assess the level of genome-wide LD with 53 microsatellites,respectively.For syntenic marker pairs,no significant association was observed in the wild population;however,three significant associations occurred in the cultured population,and the significant LD extended up to 12.7 c M,indicating that strong artificial selection is a key force for substantial increase of genome-wide LD in cultured population.The difference of LD between wild and cultured populations showed that association studies in Pacific oyster can be achieved with reasonable marker densities at a relatively low cost by choosing an association mapping population.Furthermore,the frequent occurrence of LD between non-syntenic loci and rare alleles encourages the joint application of linkage analysis and LD mapping when mapping genes in oyster.The information on the linkage disequilibrium in the cultured population is useful for future association mapping in oyster.

Breeding double low super hybrids with dominant genic male sterility three lines in Brassica napus

A double low homozygous two-type sterile line ZY-2AB, its near-isogenic temporary maintainer line ZY-4, and the full sterile line ZY-3 derived from the cross of ZY-2A with ZY-4, were developed to breed three-line dominant GMS hybrid in Brassica napus. Three years data showed that the ratios of sterile and fertile plants fit the expected 1 ： 1 ratio in ZY-2AB, and the 1：0 ratio in ZY-3, respectively. Some double low super hybrid combinations were screened out when the full sterile line ZY-3 was used as female parent, among which the combination 01Z24 increased 36.88 percent more yield than control and the conbination 98Z131 has been passed through the Sichuan Provincial Regional Test and registered in Sichuan Province. Two years data showed that the agronomic performance of the two-line hybrids derived from crosses of ZY-2A with restorer lines versus that of the three-line hybrids produced by ZY-3 was not different for any of the nine most important agronomic characteristics, revealing that near-isogenic line of homozygous two-type line was used as temporary maintainer could effectively avoid the disadvantage of threeway cross hybrid in breeding three-line dominant GMS hybrid.

Infertility and ovarian failure in celiac disease

Unexplained infertility in females may be a devastating event for the reproductive-aged female.However,infertility may be due to ovarian failure associated with celiac disease,an immune-mediated disorder that may have few or no symptoms and can be successfully treated.In some prospective serologically-based studies,over 4% of infertile females may prove to have celiac disease.Serological screening for celiac disease is relatively inexpensive and involves testing for antibodiesto tissue transglutaminase.If positive,a small intestinal biopsy should be done to confirm the diagnosis.The initial treatment for this disorder is a gluten-free diet.To date,a number of reports have indicated that this treatment for celiac disease may result in successful pregnancy,in spite of prolonged periods of infertility.Celiac disease,when untreated,may also lead to several adverse events following pregnancy including increased risk of recurrent abortions,low birthweight and impaired fetal growth.Recent molecular and pathological studies from different laboratories suggest that altered placental function may be due to binding to cells in the trophoblast by tissue transglutaminase antibodies impairing embryo implantation and leading to failure of early pregnancy or retarded intrauterine growth.

Development of Fatty Acid Biomarkers for the Identification of Wild and Aquacultured Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

In this study,the fatty acids(FAs) of the organs and tissues of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) were profiled in order to compare the FA composition of sea cucumber collected from natural habitat(wild) and cages(cultured).The differences in FA contents in dermomuscular tube,peripharyngeal annulus,gonad and intestine(with or without content) between the wild and the cultured were determined.The main fatty acids in all organs and tissues were 20:5n-3,16:1n-7,20:4n-6,22:6n-3,18:0,and 18:1n-7.The basically different FAs of body wall and digestive tube were 16:1n-7,18:1n-9 and 20:1n-11.The ratio of saturated to mono-and polyunsaturated FAs in digestive tube was independent on inside content while there was a redistribution of the total amount of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids.The comparison of FA composition of the wild and the cultured sea cucumber showed that 20:5n-3,16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7 predominated the wild while 20:4n-6 predominated the cultured.The content of branched-chain fatty acids in the wild was 3%–4% and about 9% in the cultured.The possible FAs for identifying the wild and the cultured sea cucumbers were selected.It was suggested that the indexes such as the ratio of either(n-3:n-6) to(n-7:n-6) or(n-3) +(n-7) to(n-6) may serve as the biomarkers distinguishing the wild and the cultured sea cucumber.

Different Carbon Fractions in Soils and Their Relationship with Trace Elements Content

Luvisols, Stagnogleys and Cambisols, although less fertile, are used intensively for mixed farming, grazing and as forestland. Therefore we aimed our study at determination of total organic carbon （TOC） content, humic substances （HS） content, humic acids （HA） content, fulvic acids （FA）, hot water extractable carbon （Chw） content and content total and labile trace elements content. Humic substances quality was assessed by HA/FA ratio and by coloured indexes measured in ultraviolet and visible UV-VIS spectral range. The total and labile contents of Zn, Cd, Cu, Co, Pb, Mo and Se were determined by flame or electro-thermal atomic absorption spectrometry after extraction of the soil samples in the aqua regia （total content） and in the solution of 0.01 M CaCI2. Total and labile trace elements content was correlated with determined carbon fractions and soil reaction. Results showed that studied soils content low amount of TOC and had low quality of humic substances. HA/FA ratio was less than 1 and colour indexes were higher than 4. All determined carbon fractions correlated with labile form of Zn and Cd. Correlation between soil reaction and total zinc content was found. Significant effect of humic substances content on to water-soluble forms of heavy metals was detected.

Comparison in nutritional quality between wild and cultured cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis

In this study, the proximate composition and the amino and fatty acid profiles of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei （prey） and wild and cultured cuttlefish Sepiapharaonis （the latter fed the prey） were determined and compared with FAO/WHO recommendations. The resulting scores for isoleucine, phenylalanine＋tyrosine, histidine, lysine, threonine, and tryptophan in cultured cuttlefish were 〉150. The ratio of EAA （essential amino acids）/nonessential amino acids in cultured cuttlefish （0.82） was higher than in the wild form （0.80）. All EAA amino acid scores for cultured cuttlefish were higher than their wild counterparts, except for histidine and tryptophan. Both groups of cuttlefish possessed similar saturated fatty acid content, with the cultured containing much more total （E） monounsaturated fatty acids, E n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA）, and eicosapentaenoic acid （C20：5 n-3） but less E n-3 PUFA, arachidonic acid （C20：4 n-6）, and docosahexaenoic acid （C22：6 n-3） than their wild counterparts. Therefore, the present results suggest that these cultured cuttlefish were better than the wild form for human health. Notably, these results also indicate that the nutritional composition of these cuttlefish might have been significantly affected by diet.

Cross-breeding of Different Geological Populations of Scallop, Chlamys farreri

Wild populations of Chlamys farreri derived from Japan and China are used as parents in a cross breeding experiment conducted in Zhangzi Island of Liaoning Province in the early May of 2000. Four different first filial generations of the crossbreeding, namely JC, CJ, CC and JJ, which represent different cross combinations of the parents, are differentiated from each other in some observed quantitative traits including survival rate, hatchery rate and attachment rate, etc. By ANOVA analysis, significant differences in growth rate are found among the four populations of the offspring after one year of culturing in Shandong Province. JJ population shows the fastest growth rate and has shell height of 46.1±0.71(SD)mm in average, whereas the other three populations, CC, CJ and JC, has the shell height of 43.1±0.42mm, 41.5±0.48mm and 37.2 ±0.31mm, respectively. No heterosis is detected in the experiment.

Application of three dimensional conformal radiation therapy combined with high-intensity focused ultrasound for prostate cancer

Objective:Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the prostate,a gland in the male reproductive system.Prostate cancer tends to develop in men over the age of fifty;it is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in men.This article introduced a new method of prostate cancer treatment with the combination of three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU),its efficacy was evaluated.Methods:From January 2004 to December 2009,95 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer,among them,48 patients were received combined therapy with total irradiation of TD 60 Gy/30 Fx and 5 fractions of HIFU treatment,while 47 patients were received with pure 3D-CRT with total irradiation of TD (66-72) Gy/(33-36) Fx.Various indicators were evaluated,such as the local control rate and distant metastasis rate,the changes in blood PSA and fPSA,changes in T-lymphocyte subsets and NK cells,as well as acute adverse reaction of normal tissue.Results:The local response rate difference between the two groups had statistical significance (P < 0.05);the changes in blood PSA and fPSA were significant (P < 0.05);CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+ and NK cells of the combined group increased obviously (P < 0.01),while the latter group had no increase (P > 0.05);the combined group had lower blood cells reduction and II-level acute adverse reaction of rectum,bladder and caput humeri than the pure group,but the II-level acute adverse reaction of urogenital canal in the combined group was higher (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The combined therapy with 3D-CRT and HIFU is a good way for the treatment of aged-related prostate cancer.It can ease the symptoms,control the disease and lengthen the survival time.

The Igbo Art and Cultural Heritage： Changing Time, Changing Form

The Igbo artists of all generations, from the pre-colonial to the post-colonial period, and from her traditional to contemporary art practices, have demonstrated the ability to express the material, as well as spiritual world of the lgbo cultural society. The fear of the unknown, uncertainties of the forest, river, mountain, seas, oceans, lightening, thunder, and the changing weather, brings her artists in constant contact with their spirituality. Over time, these artists have demonstrated their inherent ability to perceive, through their various art practices, the unseen, speak the unspoken, revere and share in the silent salient world of their ancestors, as well as preserve it for posterity. This paper presents an insight into the Igbo cultural society with reference to her indigenous and contemporary art practices. It identifies the trajectories of her art and cultural developments toward contemporary and global acceptance, and in addition attempts to identify her visual creative frontiers.

Total Replacement of Fish Oil with Vegetable Oils in the Diet of Juvenile Jade Perch Scortum barcoo Reared in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

To determine the replacement of fish oil with vegetable oils in the diet of juvenile Jade perch Scortum barcoo, four feeds with each a different oil （fish, sunflower, linseed and a mixture of 75% canola and 25% linseed oil）, were fed to Jade perch reared in recirculating aquaculture systems （RAS）. The trial lasted for 10 weeks and the fatty acid （FA） profile of both feed and fish muscle tissue were examined. There was no difference in growth, feed conversion rate （FCR） and mortality. The fish grew from 10 g to 110 g with a FCR of 1.25 and 0 mortality. The FA profile of the fish muscle tissue reflected the FA profile of the feed. The flesh of the fish that were fed the linseed oil diet, were extremely high in omega-3 （n-3） polyunsaturated FA （n-3 PUFA） with 3.75% of wet weight. This is one of the highest concentrations of n-3 PUFA ever recorded in fish flesh. In a finishing feeding test, the remaining vegetable oil fed fish were fed the fish oil diet for another two weeks immediately after the 10 weeks trial, to check for a possible recovery of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids （HUFA）. The wash out rate of FA towards n-3 HUFA in the muscle tissue was about 25% over this two weeks period.

Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） has been recognized as a major health burden. It is the most important cause of chronic liver disease and a major in- dependent cardiovascular risk factor. Lacking a definite treatment for NAFLD, a specific diet and an increase in physical activity represent the most commonly used therapeutic approaches. In this review, major literature data about the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty ac- ids （n-3 PUFAs） as a potential treatment of NAFLD have been described, n-3 PUFAs, besides having a beneficial impact on most of the cardio-metabolic risk factors （hy- pertension, hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis） by regulating gene transcription factors [i.e., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPAR） cz, PPARy, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-i, carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein], im- pacts both lipid metabolism and on insulin sensitivity. In addition to an enhancement of hepatic beta oxidation and a decrease of the endogenous lipid production, n-3 PUFAs are able to determine a significant reduction of the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules （tumor necrosis factor-~ and interleukin-6） and of oxygen reac- tive species. Further strengthening the results of the in vitro studies, both animal models and human interven- tion trials, showed a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFAs on the severity of NAFLD as expressed by laboratory pa- rameters and imaging measurements. Despite available results provided encouraging data about the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs as a treatment of NAFLD in humans, well- designed randomized controlled trials of adequate size and duration, with histological endpoints, are needed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of PUFA, as well as other therapies, for the treatment of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients. It is worthwhile to consider that n-3 PUFAs cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be derived from exogenous sources （fish oil, flaxseeds, olive oil） which are typical foods of the Mediterranean diet, known for its beneficial effects in preventing obesity, diabetes and, in turn, cardiovascular events. According to these data, it is important to consider that most of the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs can also be obtained by an equilibrate nutrition program.

弗洛伊德肖像画习作

年份:1969年类型:油画最近交易日期:2013年11月13日成交价:1.424亿美元简介:此画由3幅独立画组成。主人公卢西恩·弗洛伊德是著名精神分析学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的孙子。画面中,卢西恩·弗洛伊德坐在一张椅子上,脸分为两部分,一部分为正面,另一部分为侧脸。

Impact of DNA mismatch repair system alterations on human fertility and related treatments

DNA mismatch repair （MMR） is one of the biological pathways, which plays a critical role in DNA home- ostasis, primarily by repairing base-pair mismatches and insertion/deletion loops that occur during DNA replication. MMR also takes part in other metabolic pathways and regulates cell cycle arrest. Defects in MMR are associated with genomic instability, predisposition to certain types of cancers and resistance to certain therapeutic drugs. Moreover, genetic and epigenetic alterations in the MMR system demonstrate a significant relationship with human fertility and related treatments, which helps us to understand the etiology and susceptibility of human infertility. Alterations in the MMR system may also influence the health of offspring conceived by assisted reproductive technology in humans. However, further studies are needed to explore the specific mechanisms by which the MMR system may affect human infertility. This review addresses the physiological mechanisms of the MMR system and associations between altera- tions of the MMR system and human fertility and related treatments, and potential effects on the next generation.

Color and behavior differently predict competitive outcomes for divergent stickleback color morphs

Our knowledge of how male competition contributes to speciation is dominated by investigations of competition between within-species morphs or closely related species that differ in conspicuous traits expressed during the breeding season （e.g. color, song）. In such studies, it is important to consider the manner in which putatively sexually selected traits influence the outcome of competitive interactions within and between types because these traits can communicate information about competitor quality and may not be utilized by homotypic and heterotypic receivers in the same way. We studied the roles of breeding color and aggressive behaviors in competition within and between two divergent threes- pine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus color types. Our previous work in this system showed that the switch from red to black breeding coloration is associated with changes in male competition biases. Here, we find that red and black males also use different currencies in competition. Winners of both color types performed more aggressive behaviors than losers, regardless of whether the competitor was of the same or opposite color type. But breeding color differently predicted competitive outcomes for red and black males. Males who were redder at the start of competition were more likely to win when paired with homotypic competitors and less likely to win when paired with heterotypic competitors. In contrast, black color, though expressed in the breeding season and condition dependent, was unrelated to competitive outcomes. Placing questions about the role of male competition in speciation in a sexual signal evolution framework may provide insight into the ＂why and how＂ of aggression biases and asymmetries in competitive ability between closely related morphs and species.