政府规制下不确定回收量的闭环供应链决策研究

针对废旧品回收管理问题,为了实现闭环供应链各主体决策最优、收益最大化的目标,研究构建了回收不确定情况下,政府规制作用下基于第三方回收的新产品和再制品差别定价的闭环供应链决策模型,比较分析了集中和分散两种决策情况下系统决策变量的变化,并通过设计收益共享—费用共担契约机制对分散决策下的供应链进行协调,以达到集中决策的最优目标。通过算例仿真分析对模型进行分析,进一步验证了模型的正确性和有效性,研究表明:回收的不确定性越大,造成成员利润损失的可能性越大,而占据主导地位的成员有优先选取协调因子的权利,为自身谋取更多的利润分成。

Performance of bottleneck shifting for remanufacturing system considering returns' quality grading

Aimed at the remanufacturing system, the effect of the uncertainty of returns＇ quality on bottleneck shifting is investigated. A novel definition of bottleneck station is presented and the probability of a station becoming a bottleneck is also given. By calculating the effective output, the effective operation time （EOT） and the ratio of EOT of each station, the system＇s current bottleneck of effective output time is determined. By calculating the probability coefficient of variation and index of bottleneck shifting, the quantitative performance of bottleneck shifting is obtained. Discrete event simulation and the experiment design method are adopted to simulate the system, in which the proportion of quality grading, repair rates and process routes are considered. The case study shows that the uncertainty of returns＇ quality greatly increases the probability of bottleneck shifting, and with the increase of the discrete degree of the returns＇ repair rate, the bottleneck shifting phenomenon is more obvious. Furthermore, bottleneck shifting is closely related to the process route of the dominating returns＇ quality grade.

中断风险下易腐品多目标闭环供应链网络模型

在当今全球化和高度不确定的商业环境中,供应链网络容易遭遇设施中断、路径中断等多重中断风险。同时考虑到易腐品需求波动大、易损耗、退货率高、处理不当会污染环境等问题,以最小经济成本、最小环境影响、最大社会效益为目标,提出缓解中断风险的策略并构建了不确定条件下易腐品多目标闭环供应链网络模型。为了减少不确定参数的影响,实现最优设施选址与最佳配送路径的决策安排,将易腐品需求量和退货量设定为三角模糊值,采用模糊机会约束方法解决模型中的不确定约束问题。以上海市某易腐品企业为例,通过遗传算法和粒子群算法对模型进行求解。结果表明,采用缓解中断风险的策略可以显著改善供应链网络在中断情况下的表现,且相对于单目标优化,多目标优化整体表现更优。