不确定性:一个概念的社会学考评——兼及构建“不确定性社会学”的初步思考

随着社会结构的剧烈变迁,"不确定性"作为现代社会的本质特征,已成为不可忽视的现实问题和学术议题。然而,中国社会学界关于不确定性的探讨却严重滞后。其实,社会学的产生、发展与现代社会不确定性特征的日趋显化具有同步性,因此,从社会学视角出发,对"不确定性"概念进行考评十分必要。通过对实证主义、人文主义和批判主义这三大社会学理论范式中"不确定性"研究的学术梳理,我们发现,社会学对不确定性的探讨自古典理论时期便已开始,但除了当代社会学理论个别领域的研究外,对不确定性的关注更多是零散的、依附性的,穿插在对确定性寻求的各种理论体系之中,鲜有将"不确定性"作为一个独立的概念进行讨论。基于此,我们有必要进一步从本体论、认识论和方法论层面对"不确定性"概念进行再建构,并在现代化的历时性过程中把握其社会意义,以期推动不确定性社会学研究的开展。

Research on the path of the bureaucracy in the modern university management

The theory of Webb＇s ideal type of the bureaucratic organization contains the abundant management thoughts, and it has been widely used for its rationality since was put forward. The modem universities are the formal social organizations, and that the universities implement the bureaucratic administration has its own rationality which is not negligible. However, the universities are the academic organizations, and their intrinsic attributes, that is, the ambiguity of their goals, the diversified values, and the uncertainty of the processes of their activities and the effects, result in the inevitable limitations in the bureaucratic administration of the universities. Therefore, the improvement of the university bureaucratic administration systems should be implemented based on the inherent logic of the universities.