灵活化还是不稳定化?--以零工经济为中心的考察

新技术的发展和劳资关系的演变带来了用工方式在全球范围内的转变。就生产关系来说,新出现的零工经济用工方式实质上是计件工资制的回归,另外,这种用工方式也强化了资本对劳动的宰制,实现的是资本对劳动剥削的灵活化。本文认为,这种转变并非技术发展的必然结果,而是全球新自由主义崛起和雇佣关系不稳定化与非正规化的政治/经济后果。这种后果造就了在经济和心理上都没有安稳感的劳动者,对社会造成了重大负面影响。零工经济用工方式并非就业的未来,应该通过有组织的行动来扭转这种不稳定化趋势,让劳动者在享受稳定保障的前提下,去选择更为灵活的工作安排。

水分吸着过程中杉木黏弹行为的经时变化规律及其频率依存性

[目的]研究木材黏弹行为在水分吸着过程中的经时变化,明确水分对木材黏弹行为频率依存性的影响,补充和完善＂水分-机械力＂耦合作用下木材黏弹行为的变化规律,并为模拟和预测木材在切削、热压、磨浆等实际复杂过程中黏弹行为的变化提供科学依据。[方法]以含水率0.6%的杉木木材为研究对象,采用动态机械分析仪（DMA Q800）在30℃、不同相对湿度条件（30%,60%和90%）下测定木材贮存模量E＇和损耗因子tanδ的变化情况,比较不同频率（1~50 Hz）之间木材黏弹行为的异同。水分吸着过程分为升湿和恒湿2个阶段：在升湿阶段,相对湿度由0以2%·min-1的速率分别升高至30%,60%或90%;在之后的恒湿阶段,相对湿度在30%,60%或90%下分别恒定240 min。[结果]在任一频率下,随着吸着时间的延长,木材贮存模量E＇减小,损耗因子tanδ增大,并且贮存模量的变化率｜ΔE＇｜明显小于损耗因子的变化率｜Δtanδ｜;单位含水率的贮存模量和损耗因子变化率（｜ΔE＇/ΔMC｜和｜Δtanδ/ΔMC｜）随着吸着时间的延长均减小。此外,在水分吸着过程中的任一时间节点处,贮存模量随频率的增加而增大,损耗因子随频率的增加先减小后增大,损耗因子极小值对应的特征频率出现在10~30 Hz范围内,并随着吸着时间的延长向高频方向移动;在1 Hz和20 Hz频率下贮存模量的比值约为0.98,该比值基本不随吸着时间的延长而变化,但损耗因子的比值在升湿和恒湿过程中先增大后减小,并在升湿阶段结束时达到最大值。[结论]在水分吸着过程中,水分子的＂塑化效应＂是引起木材贮存模量减小和损耗因子增大的主要原因,并且单分子层吸着水的＂塑化效应＂最为明显;机械吸湿蠕变效应的存在使得升湿阶段木材黏弹性的变化较恒湿阶段明显;在水分吸着过程中,随着含水率增加,木材细胞壁聚合物分子的运动速度加快,松弛时间减少,并且α力学松弛过程（由半纤维素玻璃化转变引起）和β力学松弛过程（基于木材细胞壁无定形区中伯醇羟基的回转取向运动的力学松弛过程与吸着水分子回转取向运动的力学松弛过程二者叠加而成）的转变向高频方向移动;在水分吸着过程中,含水率的变化可引发木材细胞壁的不稳定化现象,并且相对湿度的变化加剧了这种不稳定化。

水分解吸过程中杉木黏弹行为的经时变化规律及其频率依存性

【目的】研究木材黏弹行为在水分解吸过程中的经时变化规律及其频率依存性,明确细胞壁不稳定化现象对木材松弛转变行为的影响机制。【方法】以含水率为22.2%(对应的温度和相对湿度为30℃和85%)的杉木木材为研究对象,采用动态机械分析仪(DMA Q800)测定水分解吸过程中木材贮存模量E'和损耗模量E″的经时变化,并比较不同频率(1~50 Hz)之间黏弹行为变化的异同。在水分解吸过程中,共设置3个相对湿度水平(0%、30%和60%),任一相对湿度水平下的水分解吸过程分为降湿和恒湿2个阶段:在降湿阶段,相对湿度由85%以2%·min^(-1)分别降低至0%、30%或60%;在恒湿阶段,相对湿度在0%、30%或60%下恒定120 min。此外,选取6个平衡含水率水平(0.6%、3.2%、7.4%、13.1%、17.9%和22.2%)研究水分平衡状态下木材黏弹行为在不同频率之间的差异。【结果】在所有频率下,随着解吸时间延长,木材贮存模量增加,损耗模量减小。以1 Hz频率为例,选取降湿阶段和恒湿阶段结束为时间节点,贮存模量和损耗模量变化率(|ΔE'|和|ΔE″|)及其与含水率变化率的比值(|ΔE'/ΔMC|和|ΔE″/ΔMC|)随解吸时间的变化为:在降湿阶段结束时,|ΔE'|基本等于或大于|ΔE″|,|ΔE'/ΔMC|基本等于或大于|ΔE″/ΔMC|;但在恒湿阶段结束时,|ΔE'|小于|ΔE″|,|ΔE'/ΔMC|小于|ΔE″/ΔMC|。在降湿和恒湿阶段,|ΔE'|、|ΔE″|、|ΔE'/ΔMC|和|ΔE″/ΔMC|均随相对湿度水平的减小而增大。在解吸过程中,贮存模量随频率的增加而增大,损耗模量随频率的增加先减小后增大;损耗模量极小值对应的特征频率出现在10~30 Hz范围内。特征频率随着解吸时间的延长向低频方向移动。在含水率相同时,解吸过程对应的理论特征频率要较水分平衡状态的高。在解吸过程中,木材黏弹行为的变化在不同频率间有所差异。以损耗模量在1 Hz和20 Hz频率下的比值(E″1Hz/E″20Hz)为例,随着解吸时间的延长,E″1Hz/E″20Hz先增大后减小;在解吸过程的任一时间节点处,E″1Hz/E″20Hz在相对湿度为0%时最大,60%时最小。根据E″1Hz/E″20Hz的变化量计算细胞壁不稳定化程度的残余率,对应于相对湿度0%、30%和60%,残余率分别为2.22%、0.48%和0.37%。【结论】随着解吸时间的延长,木材刚度增加,阻尼减小;刚度的变化主要与"分子间氢键重建"效应有关,而阻尼的变化则是"分子间氢键重建"效应和"自由体积"效应的叠加作用。随着解吸时间延长,吸着水分子和"吸着水-聚合物分子链"复合基团的取向运动难度增大,表现为α力学松弛过程(由半纤维素玻璃化转变引起)和β力学松弛过程(基于木材细胞壁无定形区中伯醇羟基回转取向运动的力学松弛过程与吸着水分子回转取向运动的力学松弛过程二者叠加而成)的转变向低频方向移动,但细胞壁不稳定化的存在使得聚合物分子链的取向运动难度减小。随着解吸时间延长,细胞壁的不稳定化程度逐渐减弱;根据损耗模量在1 Hz和20 Hz频率下的比值可以预测达到新的平衡含水率时细胞壁不稳定化程度的残余率。此外,理论残余不稳定化程度随着相对湿度水平的降低而增大。

Microstructure instability of fully lamellar TiAl alloy containing high content of Nb after long-term thermal cycling

Microstructure instabilities of the fully lamellar Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-（W,B,Y） alloy were investigated by SEM and TEM after long-term thermal cycling（500 and 1000 thermal cycles） at 900 °C. Two major categories of microstructure instability were produced in the alloy after the thermal cycling： 1） The discontinuous coarsening implies that grain boundary migrations are inclined to occur in the Al-segregation region after the long-term thermal cycling, especially after 1000 thermal cycles. Al-segregation can be reduced during the process of long-term thermal cycling as a result of element diffusion; 2） The α2 lamellae become thinner and are broken after 1000 thermal cycles caused by the dissolution of α2 lamellae through phase transformation of α2→γ. The γ grains nucleate within the α2 lamellae or（α2＋γ） lamellae in a random direction.

Effect of substrate concentration on stability of anammox biofilm reactors

Ammonium and nitrite are two substrates of anammox bacteria, but they are also inhibitors under high concentrations. The performance of two anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) upflow biofilm (UBF) reactors was investigated. The results show that anammox UBFs become unstable under nitrogen loading rate (NLR) applied higher than 1.0 g/(L·d). The consumptions of acidity in the anammox reaction lead to the increase of pH, which is as high as 8.70-9.05. Free nitrous acid concentration is accompanied to be lower than the affinity constant of anammox bacteria, and then starvation effect appears. Moreover, free ammonia concentration increases to 57-178 mg/L, resulting in inhibitory effect on the anammox bacteria. Both negative effects contribute to the instability of the anammox bioreactors.

Genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma: An update

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although recent advances in therapeutic approaches for treating HCC have improved the prognoses of patients with HCC, this cancer is still associated with a poor survival rate mainly due to late diagnosis. Therefore, a diagnosis must be made sufficiently early to perform curative and effective treatments. There is a need for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of HCC because these mechanisms are critical for making early diagnoses and developing novel therapeutic strategies. Over the past decade, much progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis. In particular, recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have revealed numerous genetic alterations, including recurrently mutated genes and dysregulated signaling pathways in HCC. A better understanding of the genetic alterations in HCC could contribute to identifying potential driver mutations and discovering novel therapeutic targets in the future. In this article, we summarize the current advances in research on the genetic alterations, including genomic instability, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, somatic mutations and deregulated signaling pathways, implicated in the initiation and progression of HCC. We also attempt to elucidate some of the genetic mechanisms that contribute to making early diagnoses of and developing molecularly targeted therapies for HCC.

Eddy generation and evolution in the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent(NPSC) zone

The seasonal generation and evolution of eddies in the region of the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent remain poorly understood due to the scarcity of available data.We used TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry data from 1992 to 2007 to study the eddy field in this zone.We found that velocity shear between this region and the neighboring North Equatorial Current contributes greatly to the eddy generation.Furthermore,the eddy kinetic energy level(EKE) shows an annual cycle,maximum in April/May and minimum in December/January.Analyses of the temporal and spatial distributions of the eddy field revealed clearly that the velocity shear closely related to baroclinic instability processes.The eddy field seems to be more zonal than meridional,and the energy containing length scale shows a surprising lag of 2-3 months in comparison with the 1-D and 2-D EKE level.A similar phenomenon is observed in individual eddies in this zone.The results show that in this eddy field band,the velocity shear may drive the EKE level change so that the eddy field takes another 2-3 months to grow and interact to reach a relatively stable state.This explains the seasonal evolution of identifiable eddies.

Electrogastrography associated with symptomatic changes after prokinetic drug treatment for functional dyspepsia

AIM:To evaluate the effect of prokinetic drugs on electrogastrography(EGG) parameters according to symptomatic changes in patients with functional dyspepsia(FD).METHODS:Seventy-four patients with FD were prospectively enrolled in this study between December 2006 and December 2010.We surveyed the patients using a questionnaire on dyspeptic symptoms before and after an 8-wk course of prokinetic drug treatment.We also measured cutaneous pre-prandial and postprandial EGG recordings including percentage of gastric waves(normogastria,bradygastria,tachygastria),dominant frequency(DF),dominant power(DP),dominant frequency instability coefficient(DFIC),dominant power instability coefficient(DPIC),and the ratio of post-prandial to fasting in DP before and after the 8-wk course of prokinetic drug treatment.RESULTS:Fifty-two patients(70%) achieved symptomatic improvement after prokinetic drug treatment.Patients who had normal gastric slow waves showed symptom improvement group after treatment.Postprandial DF showed a downward trend in the symptom improvement group,especially in the itopride group.Post-prandial DP was increased regardless of symptom improvement,especially in the itopride group and mosapride group.Post-prandial DFIC and DPIC in the symptom improvement group were significantly increased after the treatment.The EGG power ratio was increased after treatment in the symptom improvement group(0.50 ± 0.70 vs 0.93 ± 1.77,P = 0.002),especially in the itopride and levosulpiride groups.CONCLUSION:Prokinetics could improve the symptoms of FD by regulating gastric myoelectrical activity,and EGG could be a useful tool in evaluating the effects of various prokinetics.

Analysis of progressive failure of pillar and instabilitycriterion based on gradient-dependent plasticity

A mechanical model for strain softening pillar is proposed considering the characteristics of progressive shear failure and strain localization. The pillar undergoes elastic, strain softening and slabbing stages. In the elastic stage, vertical compressive stress and deformation at upper end of pillar are uniform, while in the strain softening stage there appears nonuniform due to occurrence of shear bands, leading to the decrease of load-carrying capacity. In addition, the size of failure zone increases in the strain softening stage and reaches its maximum value when slabbing begins. In the latter two stages, the size of elastic core always decreases. In the slabbing stage, the size of failure zone remains a constant and the pillar becomes thinner. Total deformation of the pillar is derived by linearly elastic Hookes law and gradient-dependent plasticity where thickness of localization band is determined according to the characteristic length. Post-peak stiffness is proposed according to analytical solution of averaged compressive stress-average deformation curve. Instability criterion of the pillar and roof strata system is proposed analytically (using) instability condition given by Salamon. It is found that the constitutive parameters of material of pillar, the geometrical size of pillar and the number of shear bands influence the stability of the system; stress gradient controls the starting time of slabbing, however it has no influence on the post-peak stiffness of the pillar.

Asymmetric photocatalysis over robust covalent organic frameworks with tetrahydroquinoline linkage

The asymmetric photocatalytic organic synthesis(APOS)process is a sustainable and environmentally benign method for the production of optically active chemicals with sunlight as an energy source.However,it still lacks efficient semiconductors with tunable band structures and has a low recycling stability.Herein,we report the synthesis of tetrahydroquinoline-linked covalent organic frameworks(QH-COFs)with irreversible tetrahydroquinoline linkage as efficient semiconductors for the visible-light-driven asymmetricα-alkylation of aldehydes by merging with a chiral secondary amine.Up to 94%ee was obtained over QH-COFs,and the activity of QH-COFs was significantly higher than those of inorganic semiconductors(e.g.,Ti O2,Bi VO4,and WO3)under similar conditions,which is mainly attributed to their narrow band gap and suitable band edge.As far as we know,QH-COFs are the most active semiconductors for asymmetricα-alkylation of aldehydes ever reported.The QH-COFs were prepared via a one-pot Povarov cascade imine formation and cycloaddition reaction using Sc(OTf)3/Yb(OTf)3 as Lewis acid catalysts.Attributed to the tetrahydroquinoline linkage,QH-COFs showed extremely high recycling stability,which made practicals application possible.This work not only opens up a new avenue for asymmetric photocatalysis but also provides an efficient and general method for the construction of robust COFs.

Microsatellite instability and MLH1 promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer （CRC） is caused by a series of genetic or epigenetic changes, and in the last decade there has been an increased awareness that there are multiple forms of colorectal cancer that develop through different pathways. Microsatellite instability is involved in the genesis of about 15% of sporadic colorectal cancers and most of hereditary nonpolyposis cancers. Tumors with a high frequency of microsatellite instability tend to be diploid, to possess a mucinous histology, and to have a surrounding lymphoid reaction. They are more prevalent in the proximal colon and have a fast pass from polyp to cancer. Nevertheless, they are associated with longer survival than stage-matched tumors with microsateUite stability. Resistance of colorectal cancers with a high frequency of microsatellite instability to 5-fluorouracilbased chemotherapy is well established. Silencing the MLH1 gene expression by its promoter methylation stops the formation of MLH1 protein, and prevents the normal activation of the DNA repair gene. This is an important cause for genomic instability and cell proliferation to the point of colorectal cancer formation. Better knowledge of this process will have a huge impact on colorectal cancer management, prevention, treatment and prognosis.

Analysis on optimal working fluid flowrate and unstable power generation for miniaturized ORC systems

For efficient utilization of a limited geothermal resource in practical projects,the cycle parameters were comprehensively analyzed by combining with the heat transfer performance of the plate heat exchanger,with a variation of flowrate of R245 fa.The influence of working fluid flowrate on a 500 W ORC system was investigated.Adjusting the working fluid flowrate to an optimal value results in the most efficient heat transfer and hence the optimal heat transfer parameters of the plate heat exchanger can be determined.Therefore,for the ORC systems,optimal working fluid flowrate should be controlled.Using different temperature hot water as the heat source,it is found that the optimal flowrate increases by 6-10 L/h with 5 ℃ increment of hot water inlet temperature.During experiment,lower degree of superheat of the working fluid at the outlet the plate heat exchanger may lead to unstable power generation.It is considered that the plate heat exchanger has a compact construction which makes its bulk so small that liquid mixture causes the unstable power generation.To avoid this phenomenon,the flow area of plate heat exchanger should be larger than the designed one.Alternatively,installing a small shell and tube heat exchanger between the outlet of plate heat exchanger and the inlet of expander can be another solution.

Sequential multi-objective optimization of thin-walled aluminum alloy tube bending under various uncertainties

Combining the design of experiments(DOE)and three-dimensional finite element(3D-FE)method,a sequential multiobjectiveoptimization of larger diameter thin-walled(LDTW)Al-alloy tube bending under uncertainties was proposed andimplemented based on the deterministic design results.Via the fractional factorial design,the significant noise factors are obtained,viz,variations of tube properties,fluctuations of tube geometries and friction.Using the virtual Taguchi’s DOE of inner and outerarrays,considering three major defects,the robust optimization of LDTW Al-alloy tube bending is achieved and validated.For thebending tools,the robust design of mandrel diameter was conducted under the fluctuations of tube properties,friction and tubegeometry.For the processing parameters,considering the variations of friction,material properties and manufacture deviation ofmandrel,the robust design of mandrel extension length and boosting ratio is realized.

Analysis and evaluation on pressure fluctuations in air dense medium fluidized bed

Pressure fluctuations contribute to the instability of separation process in air dense medium fluidized bed, which provides a high motivation for further study of underlying mechanisms. Reasons for generation and propagation of pressure fluctuations in the air dense medium fluidized bed have been discussed.Drift rate and collision rate of particles were employed to deduce the correlation between voidage and pressure fluctuations. Simultaneously, a dynamic pressure fluctuation measuring and analysis system was established. Based on frequency domain analysis and wavelet analysis, collected signals were disassembled and analyzed. Results show gradually intensive motion of particles increases magnitudes of signal components with lower frequencies. As a result of violent particle motion, the magnitude of real pressure signal's frequency experienced an increase as air velocity increased moderately. Wavelet analysis keeps edge features of the real signal and eliminates the noise efficaciously. The frequency of denoised signal is closed to that of pressure signal identified in frequency domain analysis.

Genetic diagnosis strategy of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer

AIM: To study the characteristics of mismatch repair gene mutation of Chinese hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and hMLH1 gene promoter methylation, and to improve the screening strategy and explore the pertinent test methods. METHODS: A systematic analysis of 30 probands from HNPCC families in the north of China was performed by immunohistochemistry, microsatellite instability (MSI), gene mutation and methylation detection. RESULTS: High frequency microsatellite instability occurred in 25 probands (83.3%) of HNPCC family. Loss of hMLH1 and hMSH2 protein expression accounted for 88% of all microsatellite instability. Pathogenic muta-tion occurred in 14 samples and 3 novel mutational sites were discovered. Deletion of exons 1-6, 1-7 and 8 of hMSH2 was detected in 3 samples and no large fragment deletion was found in hMLH1. Of the 30 probands, hMLH1 gene promoter methylation occurred in 3 probands. The rate of gene micromutation detection combined with large fragment deletion detection was 46.7%-56.7%. The rate of the two methods in combination with methylation detection was 63.3%. CONCLUSION: Scientific and rational detection strategy can improve the detection rate of HNPCC. Based on traditional molecular genetics and combined with epigenetics, multiple detection methods can accurately diagnose HNPCC.

Stability and Refolding of Prophenol Oxidase Protein with 2-Propanol in Drosophila melanogaster

Phenol oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster occurs as folded phase precursors designated as prophenol oxidase A1 and A3, and prophenol oxidase is activated with alcohol, especially 2-propanol, within a few minutes as unfolded-phase in vitro. To clarify a common effect of alcohols on proteins and peptides, the extract containing prophenol oxidase protein was prepared. Phenol oxidase activity activated with 2-propanol has been maintained stable at least 24 hours remains as it is. Protein of prophenol oxidase was not denatured opposite hypnoses known as the instability of protein with alcohol. Activated prophenol oxidase with 2-propanol remain enzyme activity with no aggregation, stable, renaturation, and the refolding phenomena occurred around the active phase within the catalytic active center of prophenol oxidase protein in Drosophila melanogaster. This study is important to induce the wide range applications of the effect in many fields for rational drag design.

Relationship between Moisture Behavior and Gaseous Volatile Organic Compounds Removal in a Biofiltration System

Studies on the relationship between moisture behavior and gaseous VOCs （Volatile Organic Compounds） removal efficiency of packed tower biofilters are limited. In this research, the nutrient holding capacity, moisture evaporation rate and gaseous toluene and MEK （Methyl Ethyl Ketone） removal efficiencies of bioreactors with porous synthetic resin as the packing material were simultaneously observed. The nutrient holding capacity in one of the reactors was higher than those of the other two because its packing layer was frequently supplied with a nutrient solution by soaking. This reactor exhibited the highest toluene removal efficiency. However, excessive biomass growth was observed in this reactor. The reactor with a less frequent supply of nutrient solution by soaking showed a slightly lower toluene removal efficiency, possibly due to lack of nutrients in the packing layer. The reactor that was fed with the nutrient solution by spraying it onto the packing layer （a common method for supplying moisture） had the lowest toluene removal efficiency, mainly because of the uneven distribution of nutrients. Moreover, the moisture evaporation rate in the packing layer during moisture supply and heat balance were determined.

Analysis on mechanism and key factors of surrounding rock instability in deeply inclined roadway affected by argillation and water seepage

Based on the characteristics of surrounding rocks for deeply inclined roadway affected by argillation and water seepage, a structure model of layer crack plate was established to analyze the shear sliding instability mechanism. Through solid mechanics analysis of anchored surrounding rock with defect from water seepage, combined with numerical analysis for instability mechanism under water seepage in deeply inclined roadway, key factors were proposed. Results show that with increasing height of layer crack plate, lateral buckling critical load value for high wall of the roadway decreases; there is a multistage distribution for tensile stress along the anchor bolt with defect under pulling state condition;groundwater seepage seriously affects the strength of surrounding rock of the roadway, to some extent the plastic zone of the high side rises up to 8 m. Finally some support strategies were proposed for the inclined roadway and successfully applied to Haoyuan coal mine in Tiela mining area,western China.

Modeling and optimization of the cyclic steady state operation of adsorptive reactors

Adsorptive reactors(AR),in which an adsorptive functionality is incorporated into the catalytic reactors,offer enhanced performance over their conventional counterparts due to the effective manipulation of concentration and temperature profiles.The operation of these attractive reactors is,however,inherently unsteady state,complicating the design and operation of such sorption-enhanced processes.In order to capture,comprehend and capitalize upon the rich dynamic texture of adsorptive reactors,it is necessary to employ cyclic steady state algorithms describing the entire reaction-adsorption/desorption cycle.The stability of this cyclic steady state is of great importance for the design and operation of adsorptive reactors.In this paper,the cyclic steady state of previously proposed novel adsorptive reactor designs has been calculated and then optimized to give maximum space–time yields.The results obtained revealed unambiguously that an improvement potential of up to multifold level could be attained under the optimized cyclic steady state conditions.This additional improvement resulted from the reduction of the regeneration time well below the reaction-adsorption time,which means,in turn,more space–time yield.

Is the Culture or Unstable Procurement System Causing Nonperforming Projects？

A research group at the University of Botswana has been investigating how culture and construction delivery system stability affect the Botswana construction industry performance. The government of Botswana is attempting to increase the construction performance and sustainability of the Botswana construction industry in an environment of local contractors who do not seem to have the expertise and experience. Currently, the Botswana industry is heavily dependent on foreign contractors. The researchers are trying to identify if the problem is the underdeveloped industry and Botswana culture, or potentially the combination of culture and unstable delivery system, and can a stable delivery system raise the performance of Botswana contractors. The two potential areas of interest are the country culture, and the project delivery/management model. The authors are using deductive logic, logical and simplistic models, and dominant or extreme information to minimizing the need to get into a long drawn out study of details which may be difficult to obtain and not necessarily solve the issue. The objective of the paper is to identify the best method to increase the performance of the construction industry, addressing both the cultural and delivery system problems. The preliminary measurement of the success of the solution is the acceptance of the concepts by major users in Botswana. This paper will propose the potential solution, which will be tested starting January 2011. If this solution is valid, it has a tremendous potential in underdeveloped countries.