在非线性三波耦合的不稳定饱和过程中出现的Lorenz型混沌

我们证明了在等离子体中，三波耦合方程同构于Ｌｏｒｅｎｚ型方程。

基于调制理论的换流变压器铁心饱和不稳定分析

阐述了电流开关函数的详细推导过程,简要介绍了变压器铁心饱和不稳定的产生机理,首次把调制理论应用于解决换流变压器铁心饱和不稳定问题,并提出了一种判断此种谐波不稳定的新方法,然后基于南方电网2010年数据,采用PSCAD/EMTDC建立了云广±800 kV直流输电系统详细电磁暂态的仿真模型,对三相接地故障激发的铁心饱和不稳定现象进行了仿真试验,验证了该新方法的正确性。

换流变压器铁心饱和型不稳定性预测

换流器交流侧二次谐波分量和直流侧基频分量通过交直流系统间的相互作用,会导致高压直流输电系统出现谐波不稳定现象,换流变压器的铁心饱和会进一步加剧这种不稳定。本文研究了换流变压器铁心饱和不稳定产生的机理,分析了系统交直流侧的频率阻抗特性,建立了铁心饱和型谐波不稳定等效电路,通过谐波传递矩阵推导出饱和稳定判定因子,提出预测铁心饱和不稳定现象的方法。最后在电力系统电磁暂态计算软件PSCAD/EMTDC中建立仿真回路验证了该方法的正确性。

云广特高压直流输电系统中换流变压器铁心饱和不稳定分析

高压直流换流器和换流变压器的饱和特性之间的相互作用可以导致换流变压器铁心饱和不稳定现象的发生。文章研究了变压器铁心饱和不稳定的产生机理,给出了饱和稳定因子(saturation stability factor,SSF)的定义,提出了采用仿真方法求取换流器两侧谐波关系的矩阵参数和SSF。基于南方电网2010年数据,采用PSCAD/EMTDC对云广±800kV特高压直流输电系统建立了详细的电磁暂态仿真模型,对三相接地故障激发的铁心饱和不稳定现象进行了仿真研究,验证了SSF判断法的有效性。

云广特高压直流输电系统中换流变压器铁心饱和不稳定的抑制

换流变压器铁心饱和不稳定对电力系统的危害十分严重,文章研究了变压器铁心饱和不稳定的产生机理,设计了用于控制铁心饱和不稳定的附加控制电路。基于南方电网2010年数据,采用PSCAD/EMTDC为云广±800kV特高压直流输电系统建立了详细的电磁暂态仿真模型,通过仿真试验验证了该附加控制电路的有效性。

送端多直流落点谐波耦合引发铁心饱和不稳定的研究

换流站的谐波通过交流网络相互作用使得送端多落点直流输电系统的谐波不稳定问题很复杂。在PSCAD/EMTDC中建立只含整流器的送端多直流系统模型的基础上,采用频率扫描和时域仿真相结合的方法,研究了送端多直流落点换流站谐波通过二次耦合阻抗相互作用引起换流变压器铁心饱和直流侧基频阻抗角差对系统的影响;并提出了二次耦合阻抗的阈值来评估送端多落点直流。结果表明:当耦合阻抗阻抗角一定时,阈值的幅值随交流侧二次频率阻抗幅值增大而增大,随直流侧基频阻抗幅值减小而增大,随变压器拐点降低而增大,随变压器磁化电流的降低而增大。

高压直流换流变压器暂态铁心饱和不稳定及抑制

高压直流(HVDC)的铁心饱和谐波不稳定按照其激励源可划分为自发铁心饱和谐波不稳定和暂态铁心饱和谐波不稳定两种形式。在分析产生暂态铁心饱和谐波不稳定形成机理的基础上,提出暂态铁心饱和谐波不稳定新抑制措施,即整流侧接入SVC。且以云广特高压孤岛10%功率运行方式,采用PSCAD建立详细的电磁暂态模型,通过时域仿真试验验证了对暂态铁心饱和不稳定形成机理分析的正确性以及所提出整流侧接入SVC抑制暂态铁心饱和不稳定的有效性。

Stability Analysing of Unsaturated Soil Slope

The stability of unsaturated soil slope has been the hot point recently. Especially, the seeping rainfall makes losing stability of unsaturated soil slope, and causes enormous loss to the producation and safety of other people. The seeping rainfall makes volumetric water content of unsaturated soil slope changing, and the volumetric water content has directly relationship with matric suction. And matric suction also has directly relationship with the stability of unsaturated soil slope. So the change of matric suction influence the stability changing, that is, safety coefficient has decided relationship with volumetric water content. The profile of dangerous volumetric water content curves of unsaturated soil slope has been obtained. If a volumetric water content curve of some unsaturated soil slope belongs to one of these dongerous curves, the unsaturated soil slope could be in danger. So this is called DVWCCP(dangerous volumetric water content curves profile). By monitoring the volumetric water content curves can obtain the stability information of some soil slope to serve producing and safety.

Coupled Numerical Analysis of the Stability Behaviour of Unsaturated Soil Slopes Under Rainfall Conditions

The stability behaviour of unsaturated soil slopes under rainfall conditions is investigated via a parametric finite element analysis, which is a fully coupled flow and deformation approach linked to a dynamic programming technique for determining the minimum factor of safety as well as its corresponding critical slip surface based on the stress fields from the numerical computation. The effects of rainfall features, soil strength parameters and permeability properties on slope stability are studied. The analyses revealed that the soil matric suction decreased during rainfall, especially in slopes with high permeability and/or with high suction angles of unsaturated soils. The influence of rainfall conditions on such slopes is quite obvious, and soil suction drops rapidly, which leads to a consequent quick reduction in the factor of safety.

Effect of Microwave Radiation on Dielectric Behavior of Two Vegetable Oils

The effect of microwave （MW） heating on the dielectric properties and oxidation processes of virgin olive oil and refined sunflower oil were determined by dielectric and UV- spectroscopy. Samples were heated in the microwave oven （850 W, 2.450 MHz） for 0 to 14 minutes. The results show degradation of dielectric characteristics, conductivity and oxidative stability of investigated oils, increasing with the exposure time. UV spectrum shows only one defined peak at 206 nm for olive oil confirming the dominant presence of monounsaturated fats and four peaks for sunflower oil （203 nm, 230 nm, 269 nm and 278 nm） dependent on polyunsaturated acid fats contents. Increasing of absorbance at all peak wave lengths indicates production of lipid oxidation, due to formation of conjugated monoenes and dienes and in small amounts due to trienes and secondary products like ketoaldehydes. Dielectric constant for olive oil is stable and almost unchangeable with MW radiation while sunflower oil＇s c＇ oscillates around the origin value in greater rate. Dielectric loss e＂ decreases with increasing time of MW radiation and its maximum shifts towards higher frequencies for sunflower oil indicating shortening of the relaxation times, while for olive oil it is unchanged. Cole-Cole analysis show the presence of only one relaxation process in the oils. Conductivity of oils is increasing in similar way with increasing frequency following the Jonscher＇s power law and is not changed with MW exposure time. Olive oil has conductivity higher for four orders of magnitude than sunflower oil, which is connected to the high content of monounsaturated fats. The differences between sunflower and olive oil characteristics are discussed.

Preparation of Air-Stable Iron-Oxide-Coated Metallic Iron Nanoparticles

The α-Fe nanoparticles with oxide shell were prepared by the complete reduction of iron oxide ones with hydrogen, followed by the selective surface oxidation as a thin layer. As-treated α-Fe nanoparticles preserved their saturation magnetization and metal α-Fe phase for at least 80 days in the air. In comparison, the unstabilized α-Fe nanoparticles protected only by their silica shell were oxidized instantly in the air and the saturation magnetization of the unstabilized α-Fe nanoparticles was decreased drastically. Since the stabilization procedure was carried out under dry conditions using silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as precursors, it could be applied to nanoparticles of various sizes and shapes to obtain a stable α-Fe phase.

A new alternative approach for investigating acidization dissolution front propagation in fluid-saturated carbonate rocks

The natural phenomenon associated with the chemical dissolution of dissolvable minerals of rocks can be employed to develop innovative technology in mining and oil extracting engineering. This paper presents a new alternative approach for theoretically dealing with chemical dissolution front （CDF） propagation in fluid-saturated carbonate rocks. Note that the CDF is represented by the porosity front in this study. In this new approach, the porosity, pore-fluid velocity and acid concentration are directly used as independent variables. To illustrate how to use the present new approach, an aeidization dissolution system （ADS） consisting of carbonate rocks, which belongs to one of the many general chemical dissolution systems （CDSs）, is taken as an application example. When the acid dissolution capacity （ADC） number （that is defined as the ratio of the volume of the carbonate rock dissolved by an acid to that of the acid） approaches zero, the present new approach can be used to obtain analytical solutions for the stable ADS. However, if the ADC number is a nonzero finite number, then numerical solutions can be only obtained for the ADS, especially when the ADS is in an unstable state. The related theoretical results have demonstrated that： （1） When the ADS is in a stable state and in the case of the ADC number approaching zero, the present new approach is mathematically equivalent to the previous approach, in which the porosity, pore-fluid pressure and acid concentration are used as independent variables. However, when the ADS is in an unstable state, the use of the present new approach leads to a free parameter that needs to be determined by some other ways. （2） The existence of a non-step-type dissolution front within a transient region should at least satisfy that none of the ADC number, injected acid velocity and reciprocal of the dissolution reaction rate is equal to zero in the stable ADS.

Nonlinear Saturation Amplitude in Classical Planar Richtmyer–Meshkov Instability

The classical planar Richtmyer–Meshkov instability(RMI) at a fluid interface supported by a constant pressure is investigated by a formal perturbation expansion up to the third order,and then according to definition of nonlinear saturation amplitude(NSA) in Rayleigh–Taylor instability(RTI),the NSA in planar RMI is obtained explicitly.It is found that the NSA in planar RMI is affected by the initial perturbation wavelength and the initial amplitude of the interface,while the effect of the initial amplitude of the interface on the NSA is less than that of the initial perturbation wavelength.Without marginal influence of the initial amplitude,the NSA increases linearly with wavelength.The NSA normalized by the wavelength in planar RMI is about 0.11,larger than that corresponding to RTI.

Modulation instability in negative refractive materials with saturable nonlinearity

Starting directly from the nonlinear propagation equation including saturable nonlinearity, the first-and the second-order nonlinear dispersions, the dispersion relation, instable condition, gain spectra, and the dimensionless cut-off frequency and gain spectra of modulation instability (MI) in the negative refractive material are deduced by adopting the linear stability analysis and Drude electromagnetic model. And the variations of the dimensionless gain spectra with the normalized angular frequency and normalized incident power are calculated and discussed for different sign relations between the linear dispersion and the third-order nonlinear coefficients. The results show that in the negative refractive index region, MI can occur irrespective of the sign relation between the linear dispersion and the third-order nonlinear coefficients. And depending on different dimensionless angular frequencies and different sign relations, the variations of the dimensionless gain spectra with incident power take on several different forms. Namely, the peak gain and the cut-off frequency of MI may increase then decrease with the increase of the incident power, or decrease monotonously. Moreover, MI may even have a threshold incident power for some cases.