Dyspepsia refers to group of upper gastrointestinal symptoms that occur commonly in adults. Dyspepsia is known to result from organic causes, but the majority of patients suffer from non-ulcer or functional dyspepsia....Dyspepsia refers to group of upper gastrointestinal symptoms that occur commonly in adults. Dyspepsia is known to result from organic causes, but the majority of patients suffer from non-ulcer or functional dyspepsia. Epidemiological data from population-based studies of various geographical locations have been reviewed, as they provide more realistic information. Population-based studies on true functional dyspepsia （FD） are few, due to the logistic difficulties of excluding structural disease in large numbers of people. Globally, the prevalence of uninvestigated dyspepsia （UD） varies between 7%- 45%, depending on definition used and geographical location, whilst the prevalence of FD has been noted to vary between 11%-29.2%. Risk factors for FD have been shown to include females and underlying psychological disturbances, whilst environmental/lifestyle habits such as poor socio-economic status, smoking, increased caffeine intake and ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appear to be more relevant to UD. It is clear that dyspepsia and FD in particular are common conditions globally, affecting most populations, regardless of location.展开更多
Most existing work on survivability in mobile ad-hoc networks(MANETs) focuses on two dimensional(2D) networks.However,many real applications run in three dimensional(3D) networks,e.g.,climate and ocean monitoring,and ...Most existing work on survivability in mobile ad-hoc networks(MANETs) focuses on two dimensional(2D) networks.However,many real applications run in three dimensional(3D) networks,e.g.,climate and ocean monitoring,and air defense systems.The impact on network survivability due to node behaviors was presented,and a quantitative analysis method on survivability was developed in 3D MANETs by modeling node behaviors and analyzing 3D network connectivity.Node behaviors were modeled by using a semi-Markov process.The node minimum degree of 3D MANETs was discussed.An effective approach to derive the survivability of k-connected networks was proposed through analyzing the connectivity of 3D MANETs caused by node misbehaviors,based on the model of node isolation.The quantitative analysis of node misbehaviors on the survivability in 3D MANETs is obtained through mathematical description,and the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed approach are verified through numerical analysis.The analytical results show that the effect from black and gray attack on network survivability is much severer than other misbehaviors.展开更多
Dyspepsia itself is not a diagnosis but stands for a constellation of symptoms referable to the upper gastrointestinal tract. It consists of a variable combination of symptoms including abdominal pain or discomfort, p...Dyspepsia itself is not a diagnosis but stands for a constellation of symptoms referable to the upper gastrointestinal tract. It consists of a variable combination of symptoms including abdominal pain or discomfort, postprandial fullness, abdominal bloating, early satiety, nausea, vomiting, heartburn and acid regurgitation. Patients with heartburn and acid regurgitation invariably have gastroesophageal reflux disease and should be distinguished from those with dyspepsia. There is a substantial group of patients who do not have a definite structural or biochemical cause for their symptoms and are considered to be suffering from functional dyspepsia （FD）. Gastrointestinal motor abnormalities, altered visceral sensation, dysfunctional central nervous system-enteral nervous system （CNS- ENS） integration and psychosocial factors have all being identified as important pathophysiological correlates. It can be considered as a biopsychosocial disorder with dysregulation of the brain-gut axis being central in origin of disease. FD can be categorizeo into different subgroups based on the predominant single symptom identified by the patient. This subgroup classification can assist us in deciding the appropriate symptomatic treatment for the patient.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the differences in biological features of gastric dysplasia (Dys), indefinite dysplasia (IDys) and reactive hyperplasia (RH) by studying the biomarker alterations in cell proliferation, cell differ...AIM: To investigate the differences in biological features of gastric dysplasia (Dys), indefinite dysplasia (IDys) and reactive hyperplasia (RH) by studying the biomarker alterations in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell cycle control and the expression of house-keeping genes, and further to search for markers which could be used in guiding the pathological diagnosis of three lesions. METHODS: Expressions of MUC5AC, MUC6, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), p53, Ki-67, proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and EGFR were studied by immunohistochemistry with a standard Envision technique in formalinfixed and paraffin-embedded specimens from 43 RH, 35 IDys, 35 Dys and 36 intestinal type gastric carcinomas (IGC). In addition, Bayes discriminant analysis was used to investigate the value of markers studied in differential diagnosis of RH, IDys, Dys and IGC. RESULTS: The MUC5AC and MUC6 antigen expressions in RH, IDys, Dys and IGC decreased gradually (MUC5AC:86.04%, 77.14%, 28.57%, 6.67%; MUC6: 65.15%, 54.29%, 20.00%, 25.00%, respectively). The expressions of the two markers had no significant difference between RH and IDys, but were all significantly higher than those ofthe other two lesions (MUC5AC: x2 = 27.607, 38.027 and 17.33, 26.092; MUC6: x2= 16.54, 12.665 and 9.282, 6.737, P＜0.01). There was no significant differencebetween RH and IDys, Dys and IGC in MUC6 expression. The APC gene expression in the four lesions had a similar decreasing tendency (RH 69.76%, IDys 68.57%, Dys39.39%, IGC 22.86%), and it was significantly higher in the first two lesions than in the last two (x2 = 7.011,16.995 and 14.737, 19.817, P＜0.05). The p53 expressionin RH, IDys, Dys and IGC was 6.98%, 20%, 57.14% and 50%, respectively. There was no significant differencebetween RH and IDys or Dys and IGC, but the p53 expression in RH and IDys was significantly lower than that in Dys and IGC (x2 = 7.011, 16.995 and 14.737, 19.817, P＜0.01).The Ki-67 label index was significantly different among four lesions (RH: 0.298±8.92%, IDys: 0.358±9.25%,Dys: 0.498±9.03%, IGC: 0.620±10.8%, P＜0.001). Positive immunostaining of PCNA was though observed in all specimens, significant differences were detected among four lesions (F= 95.318, P＜0.01). In addition, we used Bayes discriminant analysis to investigate molecular pathological classification of the lesions, and obtained the best result with the combination of MUC5AC, Ki-67 and PCNA. The overall rate of correct classification was67.4% (RH), 68.6% (IDys), 70.6% (Dys) and 84.8% (IGC), respectively.CONCLUSION: Dys has neoplastic biological characteristics, while RH and IDys display hyperplastic characteristics. MUC5AC and proliferation-related biomarkers (Ki-67, PCNA) are more specific in distinguishing Dys from RH and IDys.展开更多
Without cooperative behaviors, our society or organization falls into social dilemma situations where every member selects uncooperative （defective） behaviors, and the situation gets worse and worse. Such a situatio...Without cooperative behaviors, our society or organization falls into social dilemma situations where every member selects uncooperative （defective） behaviors, and the situation gets worse and worse. Such a situation in a society or an organization leads to violation of social or organizational rules, and at the worst case it suffers from serious accidents or scandals. Therefore, it is important for us to make efforts and take measures to elicit cooperative behaviors. It was demonstrated theoretically that altruism strategy and adaptive prediction and ascertainment strategy are in some cases better than rational strategy under the situation of social dilemma. We built up a mathematical model in order to examine how the probability of correctly predicting and ascertaining the behavior （cooperation or defection） of opponents and the mixture of （a） altruism （all cooperation） strategy, （b） individualism （all defection） strategy, and （c） adaptive prediction and ascertainment strategy affected the expected profit. Simulation results showed that the tit-for-tat strategy was better than the rational （individualism） strategy when the probability of correctly predicting and ascertaining defection of the opponent was considerably higher. As an application of the basic study above, it was explored, using a simulation method, how such a system as opening reputation or peer review in public could work satisfactorily to prevent defective behaviors in auction dealing. The result showed that the information on the handle name and the reputation effectively worked to prevent defective behaviors.展开更多
AIM:To study the prevalence of functional dyspepsia(FD)(Rome Ⅲ criteria) across eating disorders(ED),obese patients,constitutional thinner and healthy volunteers.METHODS:Twenty patients affected by anorexia nervosa,6...AIM:To study the prevalence of functional dyspepsia(FD)(Rome Ⅲ criteria) across eating disorders(ED),obese patients,constitutional thinner and healthy volunteers.METHODS:Twenty patients affected by anorexia nervosa,6 affected by bulimia nervosa,10 affected by ED not otherwise specified according to diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders,4th edition,nine constitutional thinner subjects and,thirtytwo obese patients were recruited from an outpatients clinic devoted to eating behavior disorders.Twentytwo healthy volunteers matched for age and gender were enrolled as healthy controls.All participants underwent a careful clinical examination.Demographic and anthropometric characteristics were obtained from a structured questionnaires.The presence of FD and,its subgroups,epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome(PDS) were diagnosed according to Rome Ⅲ criteria.The intensity-frequency score of broader dyspeptic symptoms such as early satiety,epigastric fullness,epigastric pain,epigastric burning,epigastric pressure,belching,nausea and vomiting were studied by a standardized questionnaire(0-6).Analysis of variance and post-hoc Sheffè tests were used for comparisons.RESULTS:90% of patients affected by anorexia nervosa,83.3% of patients affected by bulimia nervosa,90% of patients affected by ED not otherwise specified,55.6% of constitutionally thin subjects and 18.2% healthy volunteers met the Postprandial Distress Syndrome Criteria(χ 2,P < 0.001).Only one bulimic patient met the epigastric pain syndrome diagnosis.Postprandial fullness intensity-frequency score was significantly higher in anorexia nervosa,bulimia nervosa and ED not otherwise specified groups compared to the score calculated in the constitutional thinner group(4.15 ± 2.08 vs 1.44 ± 2.35,P = 0.003;5.00 ± 2.45vs 1.44 ± 2.35,P = 0.003;4.10 ± 2.23vs 1.44 ± 2.35,P = 0.002,respectively),the obese group(4.15 ± 2.08vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001;5.00 ± 2.45vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001;4.10 ± 2.23 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001,respectively) and healthy volunteers(4.15 ± 2.08 vs 0.36 ± 0.79,P < 0.001;5.00 ± 2.45 vs 0.36 ± 0.79,P < 0.001;4.10 ± 2.23 vs 0.36 ± 0.79,P < 0.001,respectively).Early satiety intensity-frequency score was prominent in anorectic patients compared to bulimic patients(3.85 ± 2.23 vs 1.17 ± 1.83,P = 0.015),obese patients(3.85 ± 2.23 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001) and healthy volunteers(3.85 ± 2.23 vs 0.05 ± 0.21,P < 0.001).Nausea and epigastric pressure were increased in bulimic and ED not otherwise specified patients.Specifically,nausea intensity-frequencyscore was significantly higher in bulimia nervosa and ED not otherwise specified patients compared to anorectic patients(3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.89 ± 1.66,P = 0.04;2.70 ± 2.91 vs 0.89 ± 1.66,P = 0.05,respectively),constitutional thinner subjects(3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P = 0.004;2.70 ± 2.91 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P = 0.005,respectively),obese patients(3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001;3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001 respectively) and,healthy volunteers(3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.17 ± 0.71,P = 0.002;3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.17 ± 0.71,P = 0.001,respectively).Epigastric pressure intensityfrequency score was significantly higher in bulimic and ED not otherwise specified patients compared to constitutional thin subjects(4.67 ± 2.42 vs 1.22 ± 1.72,P = 0.03;4.20 ± 2.21 vs 1.22 ± 1.72,P = 0.03,respectively),obese patients(4.67 ± 2.42 vs 0.75 ± 1.32,P = 0.001;4.20 ± 2.21vs 0.75 ± 1.32,P < 0.001,respectively) and,healthy volunteers(4.67 ± 2.42 vs 0.67 ± 1.46,P = 0.001;4.20 ± 2.21vs 0.67 ± 1.46,P = 0.001,respectively).Vomiting was referred in 100% of bulimia nervosa patients,in 20% of ED not otherwise specified patients,in 15% of anorexia nervosa patients,in 22% of constitutional thinner subjects,and,in 5.6% healthy volunteers(χ 2,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:PDS is common in eating disorders.Is it mandatory in outpatient gastroenterological clinics to investigate eating disorders in patients with PDS?展开更多
Dysfunctional audit behavior （DAB） is an accepted problem, associated with decreased audit quality. This study develops and tests a theoretical model that identifies factors contributing to DAB. Budget emphasis, lea...Dysfunctional audit behavior （DAB） is an accepted problem, associated with decreased audit quality. This study develops and tests a theoretical model that identifies factors contributing to DAB. Budget emphasis, leadership behavior structure and consideration, and effectiveness of audit review were examined as antecedents of attitudes toward DAB. The findings produced consistent evidence in support of the theoretical model. It is not an emphasis on meeting budgets that leads to undesirable behavior, but contextual variables, such as leadership behavior structure and effectiveness of audit review.展开更多
We aimed to characterize, and analyze the presence of factors such as polypharmacy and personal medical history that predispose to Adverse Drug Reactions （ADRs） and potential preventability of these. The Civil Hospi...We aimed to characterize, and analyze the presence of factors such as polypharmacy and personal medical history that predispose to Adverse Drug Reactions （ADRs） and potential preventability of these. The Civil Hospital of Culiacan （HCC）, in Sinaloa, where the study was conducted has 80 beds in total, in which the Department of Internal Medicine with 24 beds： 12 lbr men and 12 for women, we found the part of the share to contribute to the 200,000 cases of ADRs that according with the WHO each of the countries members report ever）, year to the Uppsala Monitoring Centre. We have not only but also ordered frequency of drugs, pathologies, and analytical tests of the hospitalized patients.展开更多
Batch processes are important in chemical industry,in which operators usually play a major role and hazards may arise by their inadvertent acts.In this paper,based on hazard and operability study and concept of qualit...Batch processes are important in chemical industry,in which operators usually play a major role and hazards may arise by their inadvertent acts.In this paper,based on hazard and operability study and concept of qualitative simulation,an automatic method for adverse consequence identification for potential maloperation is proposed.The qualitative model for production process is expressed by a novel directed graph.Possible operation deviations from normal operating procedure are identified systematically by using a group of guidewords.The proposed algorithm is used for qualitative simulation of batch processes to identify the effects of maloperations.The method is illustrated with a simple batch process and a batch reaction process.The results show that batch processes can be simulated qualitatively and hazards can be identified for operating procedures including maloperations.After analysis for possible plant maloperations,some measures can be taken to avoid maloperations or reduce losses resulted from maloperations.展开更多
文摘Dyspepsia refers to group of upper gastrointestinal symptoms that occur commonly in adults. Dyspepsia is known to result from organic causes, but the majority of patients suffer from non-ulcer or functional dyspepsia. Epidemiological data from population-based studies of various geographical locations have been reviewed, as they provide more realistic information. Population-based studies on true functional dyspepsia （FD） are few, due to the logistic difficulties of excluding structural disease in large numbers of people. Globally, the prevalence of uninvestigated dyspepsia （UD） varies between 7%- 45%, depending on definition used and geographical location, whilst the prevalence of FD has been noted to vary between 11%-29.2%. Risk factors for FD have been shown to include females and underlying psychological disturbances, whilst environmental/lifestyle habits such as poor socio-economic status, smoking, increased caffeine intake and ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appear to be more relevant to UD. It is clear that dyspepsia and FD in particular are common conditions globally, affecting most populations, regardless of location.
基金Project(07JJ1010) supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young ScholarsProjects(61073037,60773013) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Most existing work on survivability in mobile ad-hoc networks(MANETs) focuses on two dimensional(2D) networks.However,many real applications run in three dimensional(3D) networks,e.g.,climate and ocean monitoring,and air defense systems.The impact on network survivability due to node behaviors was presented,and a quantitative analysis method on survivability was developed in 3D MANETs by modeling node behaviors and analyzing 3D network connectivity.Node behaviors were modeled by using a semi-Markov process.The node minimum degree of 3D MANETs was discussed.An effective approach to derive the survivability of k-connected networks was proposed through analyzing the connectivity of 3D MANETs caused by node misbehaviors,based on the model of node isolation.The quantitative analysis of node misbehaviors on the survivability in 3D MANETs is obtained through mathematical description,and the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed approach are verified through numerical analysis.The analytical results show that the effect from black and gray attack on network survivability is much severer than other misbehaviors.
文摘Dyspepsia itself is not a diagnosis but stands for a constellation of symptoms referable to the upper gastrointestinal tract. It consists of a variable combination of symptoms including abdominal pain or discomfort, postprandial fullness, abdominal bloating, early satiety, nausea, vomiting, heartburn and acid regurgitation. Patients with heartburn and acid regurgitation invariably have gastroesophageal reflux disease and should be distinguished from those with dyspepsia. There is a substantial group of patients who do not have a definite structural or biochemical cause for their symptoms and are considered to be suffering from functional dyspepsia （FD）. Gastrointestinal motor abnormalities, altered visceral sensation, dysfunctional central nervous system-enteral nervous system （CNS- ENS） integration and psychosocial factors have all being identified as important pathophysiological correlates. It can be considered as a biopsychosocial disorder with dysregulation of the brain-gut axis being central in origin of disease. FD can be categorizeo into different subgroups based on the predominant single symptom identified by the patient. This subgroup classification can assist us in deciding the appropriate symptomatic treatment for the patient.
基金Supported by the National Key Fundamental Research Project,No.G1998051203
文摘AIM: To investigate the differences in biological features of gastric dysplasia (Dys), indefinite dysplasia (IDys) and reactive hyperplasia (RH) by studying the biomarker alterations in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell cycle control and the expression of house-keeping genes, and further to search for markers which could be used in guiding the pathological diagnosis of three lesions. METHODS: Expressions of MUC5AC, MUC6, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), p53, Ki-67, proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and EGFR were studied by immunohistochemistry with a standard Envision technique in formalinfixed and paraffin-embedded specimens from 43 RH, 35 IDys, 35 Dys and 36 intestinal type gastric carcinomas (IGC). In addition, Bayes discriminant analysis was used to investigate the value of markers studied in differential diagnosis of RH, IDys, Dys and IGC. RESULTS: The MUC5AC and MUC6 antigen expressions in RH, IDys, Dys and IGC decreased gradually (MUC5AC:86.04%, 77.14%, 28.57%, 6.67%; MUC6: 65.15%, 54.29%, 20.00%, 25.00%, respectively). The expressions of the two markers had no significant difference between RH and IDys, but were all significantly higher than those ofthe other two lesions (MUC5AC: x2 = 27.607, 38.027 and 17.33, 26.092; MUC6: x2= 16.54, 12.665 and 9.282, 6.737, P＜0.01). There was no significant differencebetween RH and IDys, Dys and IGC in MUC6 expression. The APC gene expression in the four lesions had a similar decreasing tendency (RH 69.76%, IDys 68.57%, Dys39.39%, IGC 22.86%), and it was significantly higher in the first two lesions than in the last two (x2 = 7.011,16.995 and 14.737, 19.817, P＜0.05). The p53 expressionin RH, IDys, Dys and IGC was 6.98%, 20%, 57.14% and 50%, respectively. There was no significant differencebetween RH and IDys or Dys and IGC, but the p53 expression in RH and IDys was significantly lower than that in Dys and IGC (x2 = 7.011, 16.995 and 14.737, 19.817, P＜0.01).The Ki-67 label index was significantly different among four lesions (RH: 0.298±8.92%, IDys: 0.358±9.25%,Dys: 0.498±9.03%, IGC: 0.620±10.8%, P＜0.001). Positive immunostaining of PCNA was though observed in all specimens, significant differences were detected among four lesions (F= 95.318, P＜0.01). In addition, we used Bayes discriminant analysis to investigate molecular pathological classification of the lesions, and obtained the best result with the combination of MUC5AC, Ki-67 and PCNA. The overall rate of correct classification was67.4% (RH), 68.6% (IDys), 70.6% (Dys) and 84.8% (IGC), respectively.CONCLUSION: Dys has neoplastic biological characteristics, while RH and IDys display hyperplastic characteristics. MUC5AC and proliferation-related biomarkers (Ki-67, PCNA) are more specific in distinguishing Dys from RH and IDys.
文摘Without cooperative behaviors, our society or organization falls into social dilemma situations where every member selects uncooperative （defective） behaviors, and the situation gets worse and worse. Such a situation in a society or an organization leads to violation of social or organizational rules, and at the worst case it suffers from serious accidents or scandals. Therefore, it is important for us to make efforts and take measures to elicit cooperative behaviors. It was demonstrated theoretically that altruism strategy and adaptive prediction and ascertainment strategy are in some cases better than rational strategy under the situation of social dilemma. We built up a mathematical model in order to examine how the probability of correctly predicting and ascertaining the behavior （cooperation or defection） of opponents and the mixture of （a） altruism （all cooperation） strategy, （b） individualism （all defection） strategy, and （c） adaptive prediction and ascertainment strategy affected the expected profit. Simulation results showed that the tit-for-tat strategy was better than the rational （individualism） strategy when the probability of correctly predicting and ascertaining defection of the opponent was considerably higher. As an application of the basic study above, it was explored, using a simulation method, how such a system as opening reputation or peer review in public could work satisfactorily to prevent defective behaviors in auction dealing. The result showed that the information on the handle name and the reputation effectively worked to prevent defective behaviors.
文摘AIM:To study the prevalence of functional dyspepsia(FD)(Rome Ⅲ criteria) across eating disorders(ED),obese patients,constitutional thinner and healthy volunteers.METHODS:Twenty patients affected by anorexia nervosa,6 affected by bulimia nervosa,10 affected by ED not otherwise specified according to diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders,4th edition,nine constitutional thinner subjects and,thirtytwo obese patients were recruited from an outpatients clinic devoted to eating behavior disorders.Twentytwo healthy volunteers matched for age and gender were enrolled as healthy controls.All participants underwent a careful clinical examination.Demographic and anthropometric characteristics were obtained from a structured questionnaires.The presence of FD and,its subgroups,epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome(PDS) were diagnosed according to Rome Ⅲ criteria.The intensity-frequency score of broader dyspeptic symptoms such as early satiety,epigastric fullness,epigastric pain,epigastric burning,epigastric pressure,belching,nausea and vomiting were studied by a standardized questionnaire(0-6).Analysis of variance and post-hoc Sheffè tests were used for comparisons.RESULTS:90% of patients affected by anorexia nervosa,83.3% of patients affected by bulimia nervosa,90% of patients affected by ED not otherwise specified,55.6% of constitutionally thin subjects and 18.2% healthy volunteers met the Postprandial Distress Syndrome Criteria(χ 2,P < 0.001).Only one bulimic patient met the epigastric pain syndrome diagnosis.Postprandial fullness intensity-frequency score was significantly higher in anorexia nervosa,bulimia nervosa and ED not otherwise specified groups compared to the score calculated in the constitutional thinner group(4.15 ± 2.08 vs 1.44 ± 2.35,P = 0.003;5.00 ± 2.45vs 1.44 ± 2.35,P = 0.003;4.10 ± 2.23vs 1.44 ± 2.35,P = 0.002,respectively),the obese group(4.15 ± 2.08vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001;5.00 ± 2.45vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001;4.10 ± 2.23 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001,respectively) and healthy volunteers(4.15 ± 2.08 vs 0.36 ± 0.79,P < 0.001;5.00 ± 2.45 vs 0.36 ± 0.79,P < 0.001;4.10 ± 2.23 vs 0.36 ± 0.79,P < 0.001,respectively).Early satiety intensity-frequency score was prominent in anorectic patients compared to bulimic patients(3.85 ± 2.23 vs 1.17 ± 1.83,P = 0.015),obese patients(3.85 ± 2.23 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001) and healthy volunteers(3.85 ± 2.23 vs 0.05 ± 0.21,P < 0.001).Nausea and epigastric pressure were increased in bulimic and ED not otherwise specified patients.Specifically,nausea intensity-frequencyscore was significantly higher in bulimia nervosa and ED not otherwise specified patients compared to anorectic patients(3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.89 ± 1.66,P = 0.04;2.70 ± 2.91 vs 0.89 ± 1.66,P = 0.05,respectively),constitutional thinner subjects(3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P = 0.004;2.70 ± 2.91 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P = 0.005,respectively),obese patients(3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001;3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.00 ± 0.00,P < 0.001 respectively) and,healthy volunteers(3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.17 ± 0.71,P = 0.002;3.17 ± 2.56 vs 0.17 ± 0.71,P = 0.001,respectively).Epigastric pressure intensityfrequency score was significantly higher in bulimic and ED not otherwise specified patients compared to constitutional thin subjects(4.67 ± 2.42 vs 1.22 ± 1.72,P = 0.03;4.20 ± 2.21 vs 1.22 ± 1.72,P = 0.03,respectively),obese patients(4.67 ± 2.42 vs 0.75 ± 1.32,P = 0.001;4.20 ± 2.21vs 0.75 ± 1.32,P < 0.001,respectively) and,healthy volunteers(4.67 ± 2.42 vs 0.67 ± 1.46,P = 0.001;4.20 ± 2.21vs 0.67 ± 1.46,P = 0.001,respectively).Vomiting was referred in 100% of bulimia nervosa patients,in 20% of ED not otherwise specified patients,in 15% of anorexia nervosa patients,in 22% of constitutional thinner subjects,and,in 5.6% healthy volunteers(χ 2,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:PDS is common in eating disorders.Is it mandatory in outpatient gastroenterological clinics to investigate eating disorders in patients with PDS?
文摘Dysfunctional audit behavior （DAB） is an accepted problem, associated with decreased audit quality. This study develops and tests a theoretical model that identifies factors contributing to DAB. Budget emphasis, leadership behavior structure and consideration, and effectiveness of audit review were examined as antecedents of attitudes toward DAB. The findings produced consistent evidence in support of the theoretical model. It is not an emphasis on meeting budgets that leads to undesirable behavior, but contextual variables, such as leadership behavior structure and effectiveness of audit review.
文摘We aimed to characterize, and analyze the presence of factors such as polypharmacy and personal medical history that predispose to Adverse Drug Reactions （ADRs） and potential preventability of these. The Civil Hospital of Culiacan （HCC）, in Sinaloa, where the study was conducted has 80 beds in total, in which the Department of Internal Medicine with 24 beds： 12 lbr men and 12 for women, we found the part of the share to contribute to the 200,000 cases of ADRs that according with the WHO each of the countries members report ever）, year to the Uppsala Monitoring Centre. We have not only but also ordered frequency of drugs, pathologies, and analytical tests of the hospitalized patients.
文摘Batch processes are important in chemical industry,in which operators usually play a major role and hazards may arise by their inadvertent acts.In this paper,based on hazard and operability study and concept of qualitative simulation,an automatic method for adverse consequence identification for potential maloperation is proposed.The qualitative model for production process is expressed by a novel directed graph.Possible operation deviations from normal operating procedure are identified systematically by using a group of guidewords.The proposed algorithm is used for qualitative simulation of batch processes to identify the effects of maloperations.The method is illustrated with a simple batch process and a batch reaction process.The results show that batch processes can be simulated qualitatively and hazards can be identified for operating procedures including maloperations.After analysis for possible plant maloperations,some measures can be taken to avoid maloperations or reduce losses resulted from maloperations.
