大剂量甲氨蝶呤治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病的不良反应

目的研究大剂量甲氨蝶呤(HD-MTX)加四氢叶酸钙(CF)解救方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的不良反应。方法82例ALL患儿进行139例次的HD-MTX加CF治疗。根据44 h MTX血药质量浓度分为A组(44 h MTX浓度≤1.0 mmol/L),B组(44 h MTX浓度>1.0 mmol/L)。对用药前后两组患儿不良反应观察,并进行对照研究。结果骨髓抑制、肝功能损害、胃肠道反应、感染发生率两组比较无显著性差异。但随着血药质量浓度增加,皮肤黏膜损害、心电图异常和心肌酶谱异常、神经系统症状发生率均显著增加,两组比较有显著性差异。结论HD-MTX加CF治疗儿童白血病时,不良反应较为常见,个体差异较大,应加强个体化治疗。

我院59例药品不良反应分析报告

目的：分析我院药品不良反应（ADR）的特点、临床表现，促进临床合理用药。方法：对我院2005年～2006年收集的59份ADR报告进行统计分析。结果：抗生素引起ADR的比例最高，其次为中药注射剂和循环系统类药物；临床ADR以皮肤及附件损害最为多见。结论：临床应加强抗生素的合理使用，重视中药注射剂的安全用药监测。

Update on occult hepatitis B virus infection

The event of mutations in the surface antigen gene of hepatitis B virus(HBV) results in undetectable hepatitis B surface antigen with positive/negative anti-hepatitis B core(anti-HBc) antibody status in serum and this phenomenon is named occult hepatitis B infection(OBI). The presence of anti-HBc antibody in serum is an important key for OBI tracking, although about 20% of OBI cases are negative for anti-HBc antibody. The diagnosis of OBI is mainly based on polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and real-time PCR assays. However, real-time PCR is a more reliable method than PCR. OBI is a great issue for the public health problem and a challenge for the clinical entity worldwide. The persistence of OBI may lead to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. With regard to OBI complications, the screening of HBV DNA by the highly sensitive molecular means should be implemented for:(1) patients with a previous history of chronic or acute HBV infection;(2) patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus;(3) patients undergoing chemotherapy or anti-CD20 therapy;(4) recipients of organ transplant;(5) blood donors;(6) organ transplant donors;(7) thalassemia and hemophilia patients;(8) health care workers;(9) patients with liver related disease(cryptogenic);(10) hemodialysis patients;(11) patients undergoing lamivudine or interferon therapy; and(12) children in time of HBV vaccination especially in highly endemic areas of HBV. Active HBV vaccination should be implemented for the close relatives of patients who are negative for OBI markers. Thus, the goal of this review is to evaluate the rate of OBI with a focus on status of high risk groups in different regions of the world.

心肺复苏药物治疗的新进展

传统的急救用药习惯和方法可引起许多不良反应,为了纠正这些问题,“2000心肺复苏指南”发表以来,根据循证医学的原则,对急危重症患者抢救的方法、技术、用药等进行了修订或改进。“2005心肺复苏指南”对上述问题又做出了进一步的建议。本文总结阐述了心肺复苏用药途径及常用药物使用的一些新的观念和理论,并在循证医学基础上就两个指南修改的原因进行解读,供医药同行参考。