This paper investigated the feasibility of sonication as an advanced treatment method for drinking water production and used comprehensive indexes of water quality to examine its efficiency. Results show that sonicati...This paper investigated the feasibility of sonication as an advanced treatment method for drinking water production and used comprehensive indexes of water quality to examine its efficiency. Results show that sonication significantly reduces the toxicity of water. Sonication with 5 W/L at 90 kHz lasting for 30 rain decreases the water SUVA and the disinfection byproduct formation potential （DBPFP） by 38.7% and 27. 2% respectively. Sonication also decreases the UV254 by more than 50% through destroying unsaturated chemical bonds. Higher sound intensity and higher frequency benefit the reduction of TOC and UV254. Besides, sonication significantly increases the affinity of organics with granular activated carbon （ GAC ） , and thus the hybrid sonication-GAC method reduces the water TOC, COD, UV254, and DBPFP by 78.3%, 69.4%, 75.7%, and 70.0% respectively. Therefore, sonication and the hybrid sonication-GAC metbod are proposed as advanced treatment methods for drinking water.展开更多
Oils of AD （Adansonia digitata）, AL （Albizia lebbeck） and DO （Daniellia oliveri） were studied using ^13C NMR （nuclear magnetic resonance） and ^1H NMR. The gated decoupled high resolution ^13C NMR spectra revea...Oils of AD （Adansonia digitata）, AL （Albizia lebbeck） and DO （Daniellia oliveri） were studied using ^13C NMR （nuclear magnetic resonance） and ^1H NMR. The gated decoupled high resolution ^13C NMR spectra revealed the presence of both saturated and unsaturated triacylglycerides. However, there is a higher percentage of unsaturation in AL seed oil. The peaks at 0.7 ppm to 0.9 ppm which correspond to the terminal methyl groups in the fatty acid and that at 1.2 ppm to 1.3 ppm are more intense and bigger in DO which show that it is more saturated than AD and AL oils. The results obtained by ^13C NMR and ^1H NMR are compared favorably with those obtained by gas chromatographic analysis.展开更多
Some unsaturated compounds with the required （Z,Z）-double bonds configuration are synthesized through controlled ozonolysis process of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene by determining the necessary amount of ozone passing thr...Some unsaturated compounds with the required （Z,Z）-double bonds configuration are synthesized through controlled ozonolysis process of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene by determining the necessary amount of ozone passing through to selectively guarantee the breakage of a double bond while leaving other two bonds as （Z,Z）. The products were diagnosed by using NMR spectrum, infrared （IR） and mass spectrometer techniques. It is concluded that these products could widely be used in the synthesis of insect pheromones instead of insecticides and as useful intermediate compounds in many chemical reactions.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2007AA06Z339)the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China(Grant No.2006AA06Z306)
文摘This paper investigated the feasibility of sonication as an advanced treatment method for drinking water production and used comprehensive indexes of water quality to examine its efficiency. Results show that sonication significantly reduces the toxicity of water. Sonication with 5 W/L at 90 kHz lasting for 30 rain decreases the water SUVA and the disinfection byproduct formation potential （DBPFP） by 38.7% and 27. 2% respectively. Sonication also decreases the UV254 by more than 50% through destroying unsaturated chemical bonds. Higher sound intensity and higher frequency benefit the reduction of TOC and UV254. Besides, sonication significantly increases the affinity of organics with granular activated carbon （ GAC ） , and thus the hybrid sonication-GAC method reduces the water TOC, COD, UV254, and DBPFP by 78.3%, 69.4%, 75.7%, and 70.0% respectively. Therefore, sonication and the hybrid sonication-GAC metbod are proposed as advanced treatment methods for drinking water.
文摘Oils of AD （Adansonia digitata）, AL （Albizia lebbeck） and DO （Daniellia oliveri） were studied using ^13C NMR （nuclear magnetic resonance） and ^1H NMR. The gated decoupled high resolution ^13C NMR spectra revealed the presence of both saturated and unsaturated triacylglycerides. However, there is a higher percentage of unsaturation in AL seed oil. The peaks at 0.7 ppm to 0.9 ppm which correspond to the terminal methyl groups in the fatty acid and that at 1.2 ppm to 1.3 ppm are more intense and bigger in DO which show that it is more saturated than AD and AL oils. The results obtained by ^13C NMR and ^1H NMR are compared favorably with those obtained by gas chromatographic analysis.
文摘Some unsaturated compounds with the required （Z,Z）-double bonds configuration are synthesized through controlled ozonolysis process of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene by determining the necessary amount of ozone passing through to selectively guarantee the breakage of a double bond while leaving other two bonds as （Z,Z）. The products were diagnosed by using NMR spectrum, infrared （IR） and mass spectrometer techniques. It is concluded that these products could widely be used in the synthesis of insect pheromones instead of insecticides and as useful intermediate compounds in many chemical reactions.
