总肠外营养脂肪乳剂脂肪酸外形对仔猪不同组织中脂肪酸组成的影响

目前,在人类婴儿非常低的初生重的总肠外营养(TPN)研究表明,脂肪乳剂对于新生儿的营养是合适的但不是最佳的选择。由于脂肪酸在人类和猪身上的代谢非常相似,因而目前的研究主要集中在脂肪乳剂如何在TPN的临床作用,用不同组成脂肪酸对新生猪仔进行7d处理,相对于一直靠母乳替代物的的猪仔而言,对组织脂肪酸的组成存在影响。在脂肪乳中不同比例脂肪酸或母乳替代物对应的血浆,骨骼肌,皮下脂肪,肝脏,心脏,胰腺,胃及小肠的总血脂或者脑磷脂存在个正态的线性关系,而后者表现出最低的相关性。除大脑外,组织中的油酸或α-亚麻酸的比例与那些对应的脂肪乳或者母乳替代物相关,而亚麻酸的比例于所有研究的组织密切相关。除脑磷脂外,omegaven组中仔猪组织里含有更高的二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸。结论,除大脑外,血浆脂肪酸组成以及仔猪不同组织受全肠外营养乳剂中不饱和脂肪酸形态的极大影响。然而,脑磷脂脂肪酸的组成受日粮组成的影响要小,表明在生长的关键阶段积极和有效的代谢是确保脂肪酸组成的关键。

全肠外营养脂肪乳剂脂肪酸形态对仔猪不同组织中脂肪酸组成的影响

目前,人类婴儿低初生重的总肠外营养(TPN)研究表明脂肪乳剂对于新生儿的营养是合适的,但不是最佳的选择。人类和猪的脂肪酸代谢非常相似,目前的研究主要集中在脂肪乳剂如何在TPN的临床作用。不同组成脂肪酸对新生仔猪进行7d处理,对于靠母乳替代物的仔猪而言,对组织脂肪酸的组成存在影响。在脂肪乳中,不同比例脂肪酸或母乳替代物对应的血浆、骨骼肌、皮下脂肪、肝脏、心脏、胰腺、胃及小肠的总血脂或脑磷脂呈正态的线性关系,而后者相关性最低。除大脑外,组织中的油酸或α-亚麻酸的比例与对应的脂肪乳或者母乳替代物相关,而亚麻酸的比例与研究的组织密切相关。除脑磷脂外,omegaven组中仔猪组织的二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸含量更高。结论:除大脑外,血浆脂肪酸组成以及仔猪不同组织受全肠外营养乳剂中不饱和脂肪酸形态的影响极大。然而,脑磷脂脂肪酸的组成受日粮组成的影响要小,表明在生长的关键阶段有效的代谢是确保脂肪酸组成的关键。

Morphometric, Reproductive Parameters and Seasonal Variations in Fatty Acid Composition of the Mantis Shrimp Squilla mantis （Crustacea： Stomatopoda） in the Gulf of Gabes （Tunisia）

The growth, reproductive properties and the variations in total lipids and fatty acids in the gonads and muscle tissue of the mantis shrimp Squilla mantis （Crustacea： Stomatopoda） caught from the gulf of Gabes in Tunisia were studied by sampling carried out between Jan. 2005 and Dec. 2006 to elucidate the importance of these components during sexual maturation. A total of 16,569 specimens were examined. The sex of this species was determined macroscopically and the proportion of females （47.07%） was significantly lower than that of males （52.93%） with a ratio of 1 ：l. 12 （male^female）. The mean total lengths （TL） of the male and female individuals were 142.02 ~： 22.76 mm and 141.45 ＋ 24.37 mm, respectively. Length-weight （TL-W） relationship was estimated as W = 7 ~ l06 TL3 o644 for females and W = 4 ~ 10＂6 TL320o7 for males, being altometrically positive for both sexes. The reproductive season, evaluated from the gonado-somatic index （GS1）, extended from Dec. to July, with a peak in Feb.. The smallest mature female was 93 mm total length. Fifty percent of the females were mature at 147.19 mm total length. The levels of lipid displayed pronounced seasonal fluctuations with the highest value in Feb. and the lowest value in Oct.. Major fatty acids in both gonads and muscle tissue （female and male） were C 14：0, C 16：0, C 18：0, C 18： I n-9, C 18：2n-6, C 18：3n-3, C20：4n-6, C20：5n-3 and C22：6n-3. Significant increases in the levels of saturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids were observed in gonads. The levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids （PUFA）, particularly C20：5n-3, decreased in gonads as ovarian development proceeded. Docosahexaenoic acid （DHA）, linoleic acid （LA） and eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） were the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs） in the muscle tissue for both male and female. The highest percentages for EPA and DHA were found in winter and summer season for Squilla mantis in the Gulf of Gabes. The n-3/n-6 ratio fatty acids ratio in Squilla mantis can be significantly influenced by spawning and season. It was conchtded that the mantis shrimp is a healthy item in the human diet during the winter and summer period when balanced n-3/n-6 ratios and EPA and DHA levels are considered.