Establishing a two-sided market （specialized market） is an effective way to build a national value chain （NVC）. The Chinese knock-off wireless handset industry has succeeded in building a miniature version of an N...Establishing a two-sided market （specialized market） is an effective way to build a national value chain （NVC）. The Chinese knock-off wireless handset industry has succeeded in building a miniature version of an NVC based on the Huaqiangbei Market, a typical specialized market. ＂Ihis paper begins b）, analyzing the differences in the industrial chains of knock-off and traditional wireless handsets and concludes that due to lacking after-sales service, the value chain of knock-off wireless handsets is consumer-driven, with a focus on manufacturing and marketing. Analysis of the knock-off wireless handset-based NVC reveals that multi-level demands, a maturing industry and adaptive innovation are three pre-conditions for Chinese manufacturing to build an NVC in a two-sided market. Given the uneven scale and techniques among knock-off handset makers, their addiction to the low-end market and imperfect value chains constructed using the ＂knockoff pattern＂ this paper proposes that China can break these bottlenecks by letting the specialized and unilateral markets develop closer to each other and by providing governmental guidance in the specialized market.展开更多
Rapidly emerged creative industries receive increasing attention from a variety of disciplines. However, the space features of creative industries and its association with local socio-cultural contexts have not been f...Rapidly emerged creative industries receive increasing attention from a variety of disciplines. However, the space features of creative industries and its association with local socio-cultural contexts have not been fully understood, especially at a micro-city level. This study attempts to understand the agglomeration of creative industries in Shanghai from the sociology perspective. For this study, this paper utilizes primarily a questionnaire survey to explain the space features of creative industries in Shanghai. The results indicate an extensive socio-cultural embeddedness of the agglomeration of creative industries in Shanghai. First, strong emphasis on face-to-face contacts by creative professionals makes geographical agglomeration necessary for creative industries. Second, the reason why inner city of Shanghai is popular among creative professionals and enterprises lies in the diversity of cultures and special environment of the former colonial zones of Shanghai. Additionally, highly concentrated dining and entertainment facilities in the central city of Shanghai offer creative workers social networking places and nightlife venues. Third, as the educational attainment of local citizens and the protection of intellectual property are highly stressed by creative professionals, research and design specialized creative industries are more likely located near universities and research institutes.展开更多
Facility management has been widely used in corporations during the last decade and has undergone major changes. Some companies have decided to no longer outsource such services, managing more closely and assertively ...Facility management has been widely used in corporations during the last decade and has undergone major changes. Some companies have decided to no longer outsource such services, managing more closely and assertively with a focus on cost reduction and delivery quality. At this point, there are many difficulties in the implementation of a structured maintenance, which results in generating effort, costs and delay in servicing internal customers. Currently, there are very few specialized courses in facility management in Brazil. The search for skills has become increasingly important taking into account increasingly competitive markets. The main objective of this article is to show the importance and the challenges of a good facility management, the impact on the Core business of the company and the risks of an implementation without well-defined processes.展开更多
Three market forces play into the hands of American professional sports franchises, which are leagues, cities and monopoly power. In consideration of the American professional franchises, this paper studies how teams ...Three market forces play into the hands of American professional sports franchises, which are leagues, cities and monopoly power. In consideration of the American professional franchises, this paper studies how teams exploit the three market forces and achieve the optimal revenue.展开更多
This article deals with the important experience of regional planning developed by the CESP （Companhia Energ6tica de Silo Paulo）, Brazil, through the implantation of its hydroelectric projects. The company accumulat...This article deals with the important experience of regional planning developed by the CESP （Companhia Energ6tica de Silo Paulo）, Brazil, through the implantation of its hydroelectric projects. The company accumulated a large experience in deploying and managing residential centers built to provide support to the works of their dams. The presence of urban planning was verified in all cases studied, with the participation of different professionals such as architects, planners, engineers and landscape designers, from inside or outside the company. This research shows that they used concepts derived from experiences as company towns of 19th century, the neighborhood unit, the garden city, the urbanistic assumptions from CIAM （Congr^s Internationaux d＇Architecture Moderne） and the TVA （Tennessee Valley Authority）.展开更多
The fur industry and the entire fur cluster are in many ways an interesting and instructive example from which many lessons can be learned. Up to now, the international fur industry has not been thoroughly described o...The fur industry and the entire fur cluster are in many ways an interesting and instructive example from which many lessons can be learned. Up to now, the international fur industry has not been thoroughly described or analyzed. A major reason is the rather limited availability of national and international statistics about the fur sector. This article analyzes the production and international trade in fur based on information from official statistics, trade associations, companies, scientific papers and reports, interviews with experts, etc.. Markets and market conditions play a very important role with regards to the fur sector, and the price of fur is volatile in the short and long run. A new world trade pattern and international specialization have emerged in recent years. The comparative advantages of the fur sector change along the fur value chain, while China＇s position on the global fur market has changed significantly.展开更多
To be successful in global markets, companies from the emerging countries need the approval of foreign investors and other stakeholders. In this regard, Brazil, Russia, India, and China （BRIC） have progressively str...To be successful in global markets, companies from the emerging countries need the approval of foreign investors and other stakeholders. In this regard, Brazil, Russia, India, and China （BRIC） have progressively strengthened their corporate governance rules to help their companies overcome the competitors from the old industrialized countries. Directors＇ non-executive qualification, independence, and professional expertise represent basic requirements for effective corporate governance, so they should be carefully considered to guarantee a proper board composition and an adequate establishment of internal committees in listed companies. The paper intends to compare the legislative and regulatory frameworks adopted by the four countries; then it aims at answering to the following research questions by means of an empirical investigation： Have BRIC companies appointed non-executive and independent board members？ What do BRIC companies do in order to assure an effective participation of non-executive and independent board members to corporate governance activities？ Have BRIC companies established internal committees？ The research examines the appointment of non-executive directors and independent directors to the boards of 100 BRIC leading firms, as well as their involvement in internal committees focused on matters requiring motivated and impartial opinions. Although the laws and recommendations seem to favor a general convergence of corporate governance principles among the four BRIC and towards the international best practices, some differences and peculiarities emerge from a firm-level perspective. Indeed, the Indian and the Chinese companies analyzed appear more inclined than the Brazilian and the Russian ones to reassure their international stakeholders about board independence and effective committees.展开更多
In 2010, the Ministry of Education put forward ＂five in one＂ training requirements for Vocational Education. It gives a direction for reform, exploration, innovation and development of vocational education. In this ...In 2010, the Ministry of Education put forward ＂five in one＂ training requirements for Vocational Education. It gives a direction for reform, exploration, innovation and development of vocational education. In this paper, the author analyzes status, problems and improvement measures of marketing professionals to achieve ＂five in one＂ and discuss on how to achieve ＂five in one＂ training in marketing major of higher vocational professional, with certain significance.展开更多
Wroclaw is mostly known for being a university town. In addition, the city is known in Poland for its sports history--basketball and football-and for many cultural events such as the Review of Stage Songs or African C...Wroclaw is mostly known for being a university town. In addition, the city is known in Poland for its sports history--basketball and football-and for many cultural events such as the Review of Stage Songs or African Culture Brave Festival. Because of the fact that Wroclaw is one of the largest and most important cities in Poland, it quickly becomes a subject of interest in new media, including the Internet, which becomes a field for community projects. This gives a tremendous opportunity to Wroclaw＇s youth who can participate in the life of Wroclaw, as well as by volunteering learn the basics of journalism and pursue their passions in an active and creative way. In perspective of those fact, the main aim of the planned paper is to describe evolution process of possibilities which Internet media gives to young people who would like to be a journalist. It is also a trial of analysis on how citizen journalism destroyed media voluntary youth work in Wroclaw, where in fact real citizen journalism was started by young people. What is more, paper＇s goal is to present methods of urban space documentation created by teenage journalists to show multicultural spectrum of Wroclaw.展开更多
This thesis tries to explore the problems of the rural English teachers＇ professional development and aims to give some hints on teachers＇ professional development and future teacher training. This thesis makes a su...This thesis tries to explore the problems of the rural English teachers＇ professional development and aims to give some hints on teachers＇ professional development and future teacher training. This thesis makes a survey to 20 rural English teachers from 10 primary schools in the surrounding areas of Linyi City. The survey mainly focuses on the following four aspects： basic situation of the teachers, knowledge of English language and teaching skills, teachers＇ motivation, and self-analysis of their development. With an analysis of the results of the investigation, the author wants to evoke teachers＇ and researchers＇ awareness for improving English language teachers＇ professional development in rural primary schools展开更多
The purpose of this study is to present results of a jobs classified survey from a newspaper in circulation in the city of Manaus （AM, Brazil）, between late 1990s and early 2000s. The structure and functionality of ...The purpose of this study is to present results of a jobs classified survey from a newspaper in circulation in the city of Manaus （AM, Brazil）, between late 1990s and early 2000s. The structure and functionality of the CBO （Brazilian Occupational Classification） 2002, fundamental tool for data analysis was used, followed by collection, diagnosis and data analysis to identify the characteristics and transformations of the occupational tasks of the electronic and mechanical engineer. The analysis was based on CBO data in three distinct steps described in the methodology section, compared with a study conducted in the early 1990s, and finally, the overall prevailing trend required in professional engineering training in times of complexity and in the knowledge era was presented.展开更多
This paper explores the connection between company director membership of a professional institute of directors and the financial performance of their companies. Prior research has established links between various go...This paper explores the connection between company director membership of a professional institute of directors and the financial performance of their companies. Prior research has established links between various governance variables and financial performance, and this study extends this work to the realm of professional directors. It is timely in New Zealand to ask whether directors need to be members of a professional body as the financial markets authority is now prosecuting directors of failed companies and has promulgated new regulations concerning the offering of financial advice. Would directors who are bound by an ethics code and committed to ongoing professional development be good for shareholders？ The issue whether membership enhances financial performance is addressed in this paper. An ordinary least square regression was employed and a statistically significant positive relationship among boards that had institute of director （IOD） members and financial performance was found.展开更多
文摘Establishing a two-sided market （specialized market） is an effective way to build a national value chain （NVC）. The Chinese knock-off wireless handset industry has succeeded in building a miniature version of an NVC based on the Huaqiangbei Market, a typical specialized market. ＂Ihis paper begins b）, analyzing the differences in the industrial chains of knock-off and traditional wireless handsets and concludes that due to lacking after-sales service, the value chain of knock-off wireless handsets is consumer-driven, with a focus on manufacturing and marketing. Analysis of the knock-off wireless handset-based NVC reveals that multi-level demands, a maturing industry and adaptive innovation are three pre-conditions for Chinese manufacturing to build an NVC in a two-sided market. Given the uneven scale and techniques among knock-off handset makers, their addiction to the low-end market and imperfect value chains constructed using the ＂knockoff pattern＂ this paper proposes that China can break these bottlenecks by letting the specialized and unilateral markets develop closer to each other and by providing governmental guidance in the specialized market.
文摘Rapidly emerged creative industries receive increasing attention from a variety of disciplines. However, the space features of creative industries and its association with local socio-cultural contexts have not been fully understood, especially at a micro-city level. This study attempts to understand the agglomeration of creative industries in Shanghai from the sociology perspective. For this study, this paper utilizes primarily a questionnaire survey to explain the space features of creative industries in Shanghai. The results indicate an extensive socio-cultural embeddedness of the agglomeration of creative industries in Shanghai. First, strong emphasis on face-to-face contacts by creative professionals makes geographical agglomeration necessary for creative industries. Second, the reason why inner city of Shanghai is popular among creative professionals and enterprises lies in the diversity of cultures and special environment of the former colonial zones of Shanghai. Additionally, highly concentrated dining and entertainment facilities in the central city of Shanghai offer creative workers social networking places and nightlife venues. Third, as the educational attainment of local citizens and the protection of intellectual property are highly stressed by creative professionals, research and design specialized creative industries are more likely located near universities and research institutes.
文摘Facility management has been widely used in corporations during the last decade and has undergone major changes. Some companies have decided to no longer outsource such services, managing more closely and assertively with a focus on cost reduction and delivery quality. At this point, there are many difficulties in the implementation of a structured maintenance, which results in generating effort, costs and delay in servicing internal customers. Currently, there are very few specialized courses in facility management in Brazil. The search for skills has become increasingly important taking into account increasingly competitive markets. The main objective of this article is to show the importance and the challenges of a good facility management, the impact on the Core business of the company and the risks of an implementation without well-defined processes.
文摘Three market forces play into the hands of American professional sports franchises, which are leagues, cities and monopoly power. In consideration of the American professional franchises, this paper studies how teams exploit the three market forces and achieve the optimal revenue.
文摘This article deals with the important experience of regional planning developed by the CESP （Companhia Energ6tica de Silo Paulo）, Brazil, through the implantation of its hydroelectric projects. The company accumulated a large experience in deploying and managing residential centers built to provide support to the works of their dams. The presence of urban planning was verified in all cases studied, with the participation of different professionals such as architects, planners, engineers and landscape designers, from inside or outside the company. This research shows that they used concepts derived from experiences as company towns of 19th century, the neighborhood unit, the garden city, the urbanistic assumptions from CIAM （Congr^s Internationaux d＇Architecture Moderne） and the TVA （Tennessee Valley Authority）.
文摘The fur industry and the entire fur cluster are in many ways an interesting and instructive example from which many lessons can be learned. Up to now, the international fur industry has not been thoroughly described or analyzed. A major reason is the rather limited availability of national and international statistics about the fur sector. This article analyzes the production and international trade in fur based on information from official statistics, trade associations, companies, scientific papers and reports, interviews with experts, etc.. Markets and market conditions play a very important role with regards to the fur sector, and the price of fur is volatile in the short and long run. A new world trade pattern and international specialization have emerged in recent years. The comparative advantages of the fur sector change along the fur value chain, while China＇s position on the global fur market has changed significantly.
文摘To be successful in global markets, companies from the emerging countries need the approval of foreign investors and other stakeholders. In this regard, Brazil, Russia, India, and China （BRIC） have progressively strengthened their corporate governance rules to help their companies overcome the competitors from the old industrialized countries. Directors＇ non-executive qualification, independence, and professional expertise represent basic requirements for effective corporate governance, so they should be carefully considered to guarantee a proper board composition and an adequate establishment of internal committees in listed companies. The paper intends to compare the legislative and regulatory frameworks adopted by the four countries; then it aims at answering to the following research questions by means of an empirical investigation： Have BRIC companies appointed non-executive and independent board members？ What do BRIC companies do in order to assure an effective participation of non-executive and independent board members to corporate governance activities？ Have BRIC companies established internal committees？ The research examines the appointment of non-executive directors and independent directors to the boards of 100 BRIC leading firms, as well as their involvement in internal committees focused on matters requiring motivated and impartial opinions. Although the laws and recommendations seem to favor a general convergence of corporate governance principles among the four BRIC and towards the international best practices, some differences and peculiarities emerge from a firm-level perspective. Indeed, the Indian and the Chinese companies analyzed appear more inclined than the Brazilian and the Russian ones to reassure their international stakeholders about board independence and effective committees.
文摘In 2010, the Ministry of Education put forward ＂five in one＂ training requirements for Vocational Education. It gives a direction for reform, exploration, innovation and development of vocational education. In this paper, the author analyzes status, problems and improvement measures of marketing professionals to achieve ＂five in one＂ and discuss on how to achieve ＂five in one＂ training in marketing major of higher vocational professional, with certain significance.
文摘Wroclaw is mostly known for being a university town. In addition, the city is known in Poland for its sports history--basketball and football-and for many cultural events such as the Review of Stage Songs or African Culture Brave Festival. Because of the fact that Wroclaw is one of the largest and most important cities in Poland, it quickly becomes a subject of interest in new media, including the Internet, which becomes a field for community projects. This gives a tremendous opportunity to Wroclaw＇s youth who can participate in the life of Wroclaw, as well as by volunteering learn the basics of journalism and pursue their passions in an active and creative way. In perspective of those fact, the main aim of the planned paper is to describe evolution process of possibilities which Internet media gives to young people who would like to be a journalist. It is also a trial of analysis on how citizen journalism destroyed media voluntary youth work in Wroclaw, where in fact real citizen journalism was started by young people. What is more, paper＇s goal is to present methods of urban space documentation created by teenage journalists to show multicultural spectrum of Wroclaw.
文摘This thesis tries to explore the problems of the rural English teachers＇ professional development and aims to give some hints on teachers＇ professional development and future teacher training. This thesis makes a survey to 20 rural English teachers from 10 primary schools in the surrounding areas of Linyi City. The survey mainly focuses on the following four aspects： basic situation of the teachers, knowledge of English language and teaching skills, teachers＇ motivation, and self-analysis of their development. With an analysis of the results of the investigation, the author wants to evoke teachers＇ and researchers＇ awareness for improving English language teachers＇ professional development in rural primary schools
文摘The purpose of this study is to present results of a jobs classified survey from a newspaper in circulation in the city of Manaus （AM, Brazil）, between late 1990s and early 2000s. The structure and functionality of the CBO （Brazilian Occupational Classification） 2002, fundamental tool for data analysis was used, followed by collection, diagnosis and data analysis to identify the characteristics and transformations of the occupational tasks of the electronic and mechanical engineer. The analysis was based on CBO data in three distinct steps described in the methodology section, compared with a study conducted in the early 1990s, and finally, the overall prevailing trend required in professional engineering training in times of complexity and in the knowledge era was presented.
文摘This paper explores the connection between company director membership of a professional institute of directors and the financial performance of their companies. Prior research has established links between various governance variables and financial performance, and this study extends this work to the realm of professional directors. It is timely in New Zealand to ask whether directors need to be members of a professional body as the financial markets authority is now prosecuting directors of failed companies and has promulgated new regulations concerning the offering of financial advice. Would directors who are bound by an ethics code and committed to ongoing professional development be good for shareholders？ The issue whether membership enhances financial performance is addressed in this paper. An ordinary least square regression was employed and a statistically significant positive relationship among boards that had institute of director （IOD） members and financial performance was found.
