英美刑事诉讼法专业术语之误译及省思——以“indictment”及“information”为视角

“indictment”与“information”属于同义词,适用条件不同,译法有别。美国刑事诉讼法中的“indictment”宜译为“大陪审团起诉书”;“information”宜译为“检察官起诉书”。英国刑事诉讼法中的“indictment”宜译为“普通起诉书”;“information”宜译为“简易起诉书”。由对此二词的翻译可见,我国学界对英美刑事诉讼法专业术语的翻译存在翻译错误、以偏概全、无区分度、有违美感原则及专业性不足等问题。主要缘由在于译者缺乏问题意识及翻译机械、教条式,也同学科壁垒有关。译者应恪守正确翻译观,践行科学精神,提高综合素养。

保险消费者纠纷多元化解决机制研究

随着保险规模的不断扩大,保险纠纷也日益增多。我国在解决保险纠纷方面存在着诸多问题和挑战,如纠纷解决途径的单一、诉讼比重过大、仲裁方式利用率较低等。对此,应完善保险公司内部投诉和纠纷解决机制,建立监管机构对于大额纠纷的直接参与的处理机制,成立专业法庭、培养专业法官和律师,完善行业协会功能,使其成为保险纠纷解决的必要补充,加强保险文化建设等。

论民事强制律师代理制度的建立

本文从律师代理制度立法缺失导致的法治环境混乱出发,引入对在我国建立民事强制律师代理制度的思考。首先,深入剖析诉讼专业化和强制律师代理的关系——相辅相成、互相促进。然后,从强制律师代理对司法公正和效率的意义,证明其制度必要性。继而,从各国的立法实践和我国的制度基础出发,探讨该制度建立的可行性。再者,从实证主义角度出发,设计如何在我国系统地构建民事强制律师代理制度。最后,建议从立法上建立民事强制律师代理制度。

Special Knowledge in Criminal Procedure： Essence, Borders, and Role

This article presents attempts to make a comprehensive study of＂special knowledge＂ and to determine its role in the criminal process and criminology nowadays. The concept of special knowledge and its borders, especially the use of its various forms are analyzed. The author considers some controversial provisions in the demarcation of expertise special knowledge from other knowledge （including legal）, and establishes their relationship. The provision for the need to establish certain ＂unification＂ in the use of specialized knowledge, as well as in the appointment and conducting forensic examinations, inviting experts, obtaining advice is made. This also applies to the aspirations of uniform methods, expertise techniques and technology in the application of special knowledge. The use of examination in criminal justice in Ukraine is analyzed and some of the changes associated with the adoption of the new Criminal Procedure Code are considered. The changes in procedures are associated with the desire to transform the traditional regulations and to move to the adversarial criminal process. The necessity of equal procedural opportunities in the use of special knowledge by the prosecution and the defense is argued.