目的:为我国治疗胃癌中药的专利研发和布局提供参考。方法:检索国家知识产权局和欧洲专利局专利数据库收录的治疗胃癌中药发明专利,检索时间为建库起至2019年12月31日;初检后,结合“胃脘痛”“伏梁”“积聚”“Cancer of stomach”“Gas...目的:为我国治疗胃癌中药的专利研发和布局提供参考。方法:检索国家知识产权局和欧洲专利局专利数据库收录的治疗胃癌中药发明专利,检索时间为建库起至2019年12月31日;初检后,结合“胃脘痛”“伏梁”“积聚”“Cancer of stomach”“Gastric”等关键词及其同义词进行二次检索,并对每篇文献进行逐一阅读和人工筛选。采用Excel 2007软件录入纳入专利的基本信息,分别采用SPSS modeler 15.0和SPSS 22.0软件对使用频次30次以上和使用频次前30位的中药进行关联规则分析和系统聚类分析。在专利分析的基础上,分析治疗胃癌中药发展的内部优势(S)、劣势(W)、外部机会(O)和威胁(T),据此制定4种不同类型组合的策略。结果与结论:最终获得符合标准的发明专利385件,其中国内专利379件(占98.44%)、国外专利6件(占1.56%)。1994-2016年,国内治疗胃癌的中药专利申请量和申请人数总体呈上升趋势。治疗胃癌中药发明专利常用中药主要为补虚药和清热药,多入胃、脾经。常用的中药材组合包括补脾益气组合、抗癌解毒组合和燥湿化痰组合等。聚类分析结果表明,茯苓、白术、黄芪、半枝莲、白花蛇舌草、甘草聚为一类,是治疗胃癌的常用组合;其余聚类分布也符合中医辨证论治的特点。国内胃癌中药发明专利的优势为国内专利数量处于世界领先地位,重点申请人的专利体系较成熟,复方专利配伍体现了辨病辩证相结合的特色;劣势为专利授权率低,中药专利的有效性和安全性研究有待提高,中药提取物专利发展较为薄弱,专利国际化程度低,缺乏同族专利;机遇为胃癌治疗药物需求量与日俱增,国家积极支持中医药产业发展;威胁为国际市场的竞争对手具备抢占市场的潜力。我国胃癌相关中药专利的发展应以市场需求和国内政策支持为契机,借鉴重点专利权人的中药专利特色体系,继续发挥中医药治未病和辨证论治的优势,加大对中药提取物、有效性及安全性等薄弱环节的开发和研究,提高专利的国际竞争力,建立专利预警和导航分析体制,有效降低我国发明专利在国际环境中存在的知识产权威胁和风险。展开更多
In this study, we first define ecological technologies and the need for identification technology, and we then examine all the present methods of identification technology: Delphi method, Technology Road Mapping Meth...In this study, we first define ecological technologies and the need for identification technology, and we then examine all the present methods of identification technology: Delphi method, Technology Road Mapping Method, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Patentometric method and the text mining method. Among these methods, the combination of Delphi + Analytic Hierarchy Process incorporates ecological technologies into social and economic systems for a systematic identification, and is able to build an index system for an identification model of ecological technologies, identifying technical features, technical level and performance, and economic, social and ecological benefits. Patentometric method presents an objective perspective for identification, based on the characteristics and the internal development logic of ecological technologies. We find that the Delphi + Analytic Hierarchy Process and Patentometric method are the best choices for identification of ecological technologies, because both combine the advantages of qualitative and quantitative identification.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFC0503703)
文摘In this study, we first define ecological technologies and the need for identification technology, and we then examine all the present methods of identification technology: Delphi method, Technology Road Mapping Method, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Patentometric method and the text mining method. Among these methods, the combination of Delphi + Analytic Hierarchy Process incorporates ecological technologies into social and economic systems for a systematic identification, and is able to build an index system for an identification model of ecological technologies, identifying technical features, technical level and performance, and economic, social and ecological benefits. Patentometric method presents an objective perspective for identification, based on the characteristics and the internal development logic of ecological technologies. We find that the Delphi + Analytic Hierarchy Process and Patentometric method are the best choices for identification of ecological technologies, because both combine the advantages of qualitative and quantitative identification.