An Analysis of the Structure of Carbide-tool Utilization Expert System

The necessity and feasibility of an expert system for carbide-tool utilization are analyzed and a practical system named CUES(carbide-tool utilization expert system ) is developed and realized. The system concept, module structure, data management, inference strategy and the interface design of the system are discussed in.detail. The system would be useful not only for the preparation of tool bank of FMS or CIMS, but the for the proper application of cemented carbide tools in conventional machining Processes.

A New Approach to Prediction of Fault of Manufacturing Quality for FMS

This paper makes a study of the cause of manufacturing fault,develops the and/or- fault-tree of manufacturing quality fault for MC,and presents a new concept of faint manufacturing quality fault(FMQF)and the decision making tree with which the fault of manufacturing system would be found out from FMQF.An approach to identification of FMQF,based on fuzzy set theory,is presented,which can be used for estimating the status of equipment with the deviation of control charts.Based on the study above,an expert system for the flexible manufacturing system's FMQF detection and prediction is built.

全面推进优质专用小麦的生产与流通

发展优质专用小麦生产是深化我国粮食流通体制改革的需要,也是满足市场对小麦多样化、优质化需求的必然选择。山东省是我国小麦生产和消费大省,结合山东省优质专用小麦的产销现状,探讨今后这一产业工作的重点,对于全面推进我国优质专用小麦生产与流通是具有现实意义的。

Effects of the Combined Use of Tobacco Special Inorganic Fertilizer and Cake Organic Fertilizer on the Quality of Tobacco K326

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of the combined use of cake organic fertilizer and tobacco special fertilizer on the growth and development as well as the quality of tobacco leaves.[Method] Different ratios of cake organic fertilizer and tobacco special fertilizer were applied.Then,the agronomic traits and leaf quality determining factors were measured and analyzed at different growing stages.[Result] Compared with the control,the tobacco plant height was increased by 3.01％-5.84％,while the number of valid leaves was increased by 5.56％-20.39％ in all the treatments with combined use of fertilizers.The ratio of sugar to nicotine of leaf was closer to 10±1,and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine of leaf was closer to 1±0.1.In addition,the combined use of 750 kg/hm2 tobacco special base fertilizer and 292 kg/hm2 cake organic fertilizer had a better effect for improving the agronomic traits and flavor qualities than all the other treatments.[Conclusion] This study will provide reference for developing special full-aroma tobacco leaf product and new tobacco special fertilizers in Hunan.

汽车维修企业素质要因浅析

本文论述了汽车维修企业素质主要从提高决策者的自身素质 ;企业要有完善的规章制度 ;业务熟练技术精湛着手。

Examining advanced nursing practice in Hong Kong and Guangzhou

Objective:There were studies evaluating advanced nursing practice independently in the mainland and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,but there was no attempt to make a comparison of practice between them.This study employed a case study method to examine and compare advanced nursing practice in Hong Kong and Guangzhou.Method:Purposive sampling method was used to recruit 24 advanced practice nurses(APN)who came from the specialty of medical,surgical and pediatric in Hong Kong and Guangzhou.A questionnaire survey and semi-structured interview were conducted to solicit quantitative and qualitative data for exploring the structure-process-outcome of advanced nursing practice.The structure component explored the factors influencing advanced nursing practice.The process part examined APN role components and illustrations of exemplary advanced nursing practice.The outcomes described outcome indicators that best reflected advanced nursing practice.Findings:Findings revealed that in the structure domain,APN education and career development,team approach in healthcare,and support from management,physicians and professional associations were important contextual factors for APN development in both cities.For the process domain,participants had at least 80%of their time practicing independently/interdependently and were engaged in APN activities including direct/indirect patient care,research/project work,initiation of staff and patient protocols.All participants demonstrated competencies with impacts on patient,service and profession in their description of exemplary practice.Participants from both cities ranked patient-related outcomes as top indicators for their advanced nursing practice.Conclusion:This study has revealed that APNs in Guangzhou and Hong Kong shared similar work involvement and impacts and their demonstrated competencies were on par with international counterparts.Continued efforts need to be put in establishing formal APN education,clear clinical career pathway and title protection to empower nurses to provide optimal care to the fullest extent that they are prepared for.

Analysis on Promoting the Construction and Development of Campus Culture from Art Education

Colleges and universities, as important educational institutions of training professional personnel, should make a change to the curriculum setting along with the changed demands of market on personnel. In this process, art can be used by them as a key course in teaching. On the one hand, the improvement of art education in colleges and universities can provide students with increasingly more learning opportunities in professional learning, so that the professional quality of students can be promoted to reach a corresponding level in a certain period. On the other hand, art education has exerted a variety of positive roles in promoting the construction of campus culture, and especially has promoted the students in colleges and universities to get objective cultural knowledge in ideology. Therefore, this is analyzed by the author in this paper.

Gender Differences in Quality of Attachment to God, Forgiveness, Altruism, and Mental Health in College and Seminary School Students

The aim of the current study was to investigate gender differences in quality of attachment to God, forgiveness, altruism and mental health in college and seminary school students as well. To fulfil the stated goal 993 individuals were selected by means of stratified sampling procedures and the following measures were distributed among them： Muslim-Spiritual Attachment Scale, Kin Altruism, Reciprocal Altruism Enright Forgiveness Inventory, and Symptom Checklist-90 Revised. Analysis of data using t test revealed significant differences between male and female students （/9 〈 0.01）. Moreover, data indicated that interpersonal sensitivity was higher in male students while somatization complains was higher among female students. Analysis of data showed that quality of secure attachment in female students were higher than male students （P 〈 0.01）. Moreover, female students were higher in altruism, especially in domain of compassion （P 〈 0.05）. In addition female students were higher in perceiving God as a Safe Haven and providing them with comfort and tranquility. Moreover, females students were higher in altruism （p 〈 0.05）, and forgiveness （p 〈 0.01）. The analysis of data revealed that female students were higher in the secure attachment to God, sympathy toward others and they scored higher in somatization complain while male students were higher in the interpersonal sensitivity. Theoretical implication and practical application of findings have been discussed in the original paper. Findings in this project were consistent with body of research findings. Theoretical implication and practical usage of the current study was described in the original paper. Data revealed that female student were higher in secure attachment to God, altruism and forgiveness. Showing emotional stability and higher spirituality.

Caregiver burden:A concept analysis

Objective:Caregiver burden is used frequently within the nursing literature.It has not yet been clearly defined as there are different opinions regarding this concept.The purpose of this paper is to provide clarity surrounding the concept caregiver burden.Methods:An electronic search of MEDLINE,CINAHL,Health Source Nursing/Academic Edition and Academic Search Complete(ASC)of EBSCO,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Google Scholar were searched with a limit of 10 years and published in the English or Chinese language.The paper adopted the framework by Walker and Avant.The attributes,antecedents,consequences and uses of the concept were identified.Results:At total of 33 articles were included.The three attributes of caregiver burden were identified as self-perception,multifaceted strain,and over time.The antecedents included insufficient financial resources,multiple responsibility conflict,lack of social activities.The consequences of caregiver burden resulted in negative change which included decreased care provision,decrease in quality of life,physical and psychological health deterioration.Conclusion:A definition of caregiver burden was developed.Tools to measure caregiver burden were identified.The findings from this analysis can be used in nursing practice,nursing education,research and administration.

Assessment of Diyarbaklr Basalt Aquifer Hydrogeological Analyzed and Obtains Thematic Maps with GIS Geostatistical Analyst Tool

Diyarbaklr basalt aquifer is volcanic-rock aquifers which contain high quality water. It was main resources for Diyarbaklr city center drinking supply up to 2005. Somewhere, basalt aquifer groundwater is still used for irrigation in rural areas of Diyarbaklr city. In the study, Diyarbaklr city center＇s （which is located on the Tigris river basin） basalt aquifer groundwater potentials and hydrogeological features are examined and modeled by using GIS programmer. Firstly, general geological data, meteorological data and general information about natural water sources are collected together, afterwards, logs of well drilled by public institutions and private individuals within the Diyarbaklr city center are analyzed. Static water level, dynamic water level and well pumps yields are classified in these logs. Then, thematic maps produced with the help of Arc Info Professional GIS programmer with geostatistical analyst tool. Groundwater source potential of Diyarbaktr is examined by means of these thematic maps. In hydrogeological research, productivity by aquifer features, water retention capacity and groundwater level data evaluated with geological structure of area are taken into consideration.

Hospital ethical climate associated with the professional quality of life among nurses during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic inWuhan,China:A cross-sectional study

Objectives:To describe the professional quality of life and explore its associated factors among nurses coming from other areas of China to assist with the anti-epidemic fight inWuhan and especially examine whether the hospital ethical climate was independently associated with nurses’professional quality of life.Methods:A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from March 2020 to April 2020.The nurses working in Wuhan from the other parts of China were the target population.The Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5,the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey,and a basic information sheet were used to collect data.Descriptive statistics,t-test,ANOVA,Pearson correlation,and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data.Results:In total,236 nurses participated in this study,and 219 valid questionnaires were analyzed.The average age of the participants was 31.2±5.0 years.Most nurses were female(176/219;80.4%)and married(145/219;66.2%).In term of professional quality of life,nurses reported moderate(129/219;58.9%)to high(90/219;41.1%)levels of compassion satisfaction,low(119/219;54.3%)to moderate(100/219;45.7%)levels of burnout,and low(67/219;36.0%)to high(10/219;4.6%)levels of secondary traumatic stress.Regarding hospital ethical climate,nurses reported moderately high hospital ethical climates with an average score of 4.46.After controlling for socio-demographic characteristics,the multiple linear regression models showed that the hospital ethical climate subscale of“relationship with physicians”was independently associated with the compassion satisfaction(b=0.533,P<0.01)and burnout(b=0.237,P<0.05);the hospital ethical climate subscale of“relationship with peers”(b=0.191,P<0.01)was independently associated with the secondary traumatic stress.Conclusions:During the early stage of the pandemic,nurses demonstrated moderate to high level of compassion satisfaction,low to moderate level of burnout,and all nurses experienced secondary traumatic stress.Nurses perceived a high level of hospital ethical climate,and the perceived hospital ethical climate played an important role in promoting nurses’professional quality of life during a lifethreatening infectious disease pandemic.

Issues of Access, Equity, and Quality in Early Childhood Development Programmes in Zimbabwe

The paper sought to explore issues of access, equity, and quality in the early childhood development （ECD） sub-sector in Zimbabwe. The massive expansion of ECD services prompted the author to undertake the study. Data were collected using focus group discussions, individual interviews, document analysis, and observations. Information from literature, research reports, policies, and practices was also analyzed in order to establish the state of affairs in the provision of ECD. The data were analyzed using theme identification methods to solicit emerging issues. Generally, it was found that on issues of access, equity, and quality in ECD in Zimbabwe, there is a quality-quantity dilemma with qualitative progress less conspicuous than quantitative progress. The resultant specific challenges include： large teacher-child ratio; lack of parental involvement, lack of trained ECD specialists with expertise in using a play-based curriculum; and shortage of equipment, material resources, and age appropriate infrastructure. In most ECD settings, there were inadequate health and nutrition provisions. Water, sanitation and health （WASH） facilities were found to be insufficient in most centres. The study recommended that there is need for： equal access to quality early childhood education; provision of infrastructure, provision of ability and age appropriate resources; and health, sanitation, and nutrition services especially in rural settings. Overall, ECD programmes in Zimbabwe should strive to attain quality more than quantity services. The need to train more early childhood specialists who would drive the ECD sub-sector is emphasized.

Gastroenterology training in Latin America

Latin America is characterized by ethnic, geographical, cultural, and economic diversity; therefore, training in gastroenterology in the region must be considered in this context. The continent’s medical education is characterized by a lack of standards and the volume of research continues to be relatively small. There is a multiplicity of events in general gastroenterology and in sub-disciplines, both at regional and local levels, which ensure that many colleagues have access to information. Medical education programs must be based on a clinical vision and be considered in close contact with the patients. The programs should be properly supervised, appropriately defined, and evaluated on a regular basis. The disparity between the patients’ needs, the scarce resources available, and the pressures exerted by the health systems on doctors are frequent cited by those complaining of poor professionalism. Teaching development can play a critical role in ensuring the quality of teaching and learning in universities. Continuing professional development programs activities must be planned on the basis of the doctors’ needs, with clearly defined objectives and using proper learning methodologies designed for adults. They must be evaluated and accredited by a competent body, so that they may become the basis of a professional regulatory system. The specialty has made progress in the last decades, offering doctors various possibilities for professional development. The world gastroenterology organization has contributed to the speciality through three distinctive, but closely inter-related, programs: Training Centers, Train-the-Trainers, and Global Guidelines, in which Latin America is deeply involved.

Acknowledgments to reviewers of World Journal of Gastroenterology

Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluation the articles（including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.

Exploring Some Tactics on How to Make English Lessons More Effective

This paper explores some effective tactics on the teaching of English. It starts with the introduction of the importance of learning English, then it reveals the qualities and useful strategies that a teacher of English should master if he or she wants to make his or her lessons successful. It also conducts the analysis of how these tactics interact in the classroom teaching. The paper concludes that examining effective ways of teaching is useful in helping teachers either in their academic field or in their professional development.

A study on the application of the ＂student-centered＂ educational concept in Vocal Music Teaching at normal universities

The teaching of Vocal Music Education in normal universities is a core part of vocal skills training in the system of music education, which has a direct impact on the cultivation of teachers of foundation music education. There has been a lot of discussion about Vocal Music Teaching or specifically aim at improving the students＇ comprehensive ability, but the number of systematic study which integrates both of the two is little. The training contents of the teaching of Vocal Music Education in normal universities include the features of rich teaching content; instructional mode is composed of classroom teaching, art practice, practice teaching and other diverse forms. The teaching of Vocal Music Education at normal universities can promote the cultivation of the students＇ comprehensive capabilities, including： the cultivation of moral and intellectual, the enhancement of cultural accomplishment, and the cultivation of language competence, connoisseurship and psychological qualities and such non-professional quality; good singing, correct listening and perception ability, good ability of piano accompaniment, and the cultivation and improvement of ability of teaching practice and such professional quality. The author combines the ＂student-centered＂ educational concept to analyze the teaching of Vocal Music at normal universities, hoping to provide some inspiration and help for educators of Vocal Music Teaching.

Basic Courses System Construction Based on Qualities Cultivation

Basic courses are responsible for the cultivation of integrative qualities, which is a guarantee of the long-term sustainable development for the students.However, they are now challenged by the specialized courses in Chinese colleges.This essay first analyzes the current situation of the provision of basic courses in higher vocational colleges of China, then expounds the requirements of qualities cultivation of enterprises, and at last centers on the basic courses system construction in higher vocational colleges on orientation of qualities cultivation.

Quality index of bedded and joint-bearing rock mass and its applications

Based on the theory of Fuzzy Mathematics and Expert System, this paper presents the quantitative expression method of bedded and joint bearing rock mass quality "Stratum Quality Index"(SQI for short), and also introduces the successful application of the method in estimating stratum movement parameters.

Acknowledgments to Reviewers of World Journal of Gastroenterology

Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles (including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue) during the last editing time period.

Research on the Profession Development of College English teachers in Private University -- From the Perspective of Class Teaching

Private University has been putting the development cultivate the integrated ability to make use of English is the final goal. goal on the applied talents. In terms ot college English teaching, to Meanwhile, the final goal also put forward the higher requirement for teacher＇s professional quality of class teaching. The article discussed the two issues, i.e. teaching skills and professional knowledge of college English teachers in private university. The author expects that the study can offer some valuable advice for the professional development of college English teachers in private university.