国际

美7月赤字达1807亿美元美国财政部8月12日公布,7月份联邦财政赤字为1807亿美元,使2008-2009财政年度(截至9月30日)头10个月的赤字总额已经达到1.27万亿美元。7月份的财政赤字略高于经济学家预期的1775亿美元。

Targeted therapy of gastric cancer:current and prospective strategies

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgery is currently the only curative treatment strategy. Chemotherapy has shown limited efficacy in advanced gastric cancer patients with a median overall survival of less than one year. Thus, new treatments are urgently needed. Trastuzumab and Ramucirumab are the only targeted therapies approved currently. Most Phase Ⅲ clinical trials evaluating targeted drugs in gastric cancer have failed. This review will evaluate relevant clinical trials with targeted therapies performed in gastric cancer patients, discuss the possible reasons for the failure, and indicate new possibilities to enhance gastric cancer treatment.

Identity and Loyalty： Catch-22 and The English Patient1

The films Catch-22 （1970） and The English Patient （1996） are based on literary novels, and set in the specific time and place of World War II Italy. Each work uses the topic of the war to raise the issues of identity and loyalty that loom large during wartime, when nations place huge demands on their people. Both works explore these issues as relevant to their own time. In the 1960s, Catch-22 elevates loyalty to self as a value and challenges the dehumanizing conformity demanded by the bureaucratic states of the postwar world. Twenty-six years later, The English Patient honors loyalty to people rather than to nations. Both movies end in hope, with Yossarian＇s escape in Catch-22, and the end to the European war in The English Patient. This paper argues that Michael Ondaatje＇s novel, The English Patient, goes beyond the issues of identity and loyalty and the hopeful Hollywood ending as seen in the movies. By giving Kip＇s and Hana＇s points of view, which were not shown in the film--the view of a brown man in a world controlled by whites and of a woman who understands the horrors of the atomic bomb--Ondaatje offers the possibilities of a new sense of identity and loyalty, one more in tune with issues of a post-colonial 21 st century world

How Global can Global Public Reason Be？

Joshua Cohen has recently remodelled Rawls＇ account of public reason into an explicitly global enterprise designed to both engage and regulate human rights discourses. Cohen＇s model is interesting because of the manners in which Cohen attempts to answer the questions the model begs： how can individuals with fundamentally incommensurable world views actually engage in common acts of practical reason with each other about issues like human rights？ What common convictions or a common social imaginary must these individuals share？ I argue that articulating potential common grounds on which acts of global public reasoning can transpire involves engaging with rather than seeking to reason autonomously from （or transcend） the material, social, and cultural forces--most importantly the tradition of liberal secularism which Cohen＇s model takes its normative bearings from--that make such discourses what they are. Doing so enhances the ability of a liberal secular human rights proponent to elucidate meaningful sites of common ground with others. Such common ground emerges not simply through toleration but also through critically engaging the worldviews of other globally public reasoners.

More than Target 6.3： A Systems Approach to Rethinking Sustainable Development Goals in a Resource-Scarce World

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development outlines 17 individual Sustainable Development Goals （SDGs） that guide the needs of practice for many professional disciplines around the world, including engineering, research, policy, and development. The SDGs represent commitments to reduce poverty, hunger, ill health, gender inequality, environmental degradation, and lack of access to clean water and sanitation. If a typical reductionist approach is employed to address and optimize individual goals, it may lead to a failure in technological, policy, or managerial development interventions through unin- tended consequences in other goals. This study uses a systems approach to understand the fundamental dynamics between the SDGs in order to identify potential synergies and antagonisms. A conceptual system model was constructed to illustrate the causal relationships between SDGs, examine system structures using generic system archetypes, and identify leverage points to effectively influence intentional and minimize unintentional changes in the system. The structure of interactions among the SDGs reflects three archetypes of system behavior： Reinforcing Growth, Limits to Growth, and Growth and Underinvestment. The leverage points identified from the conceptual model are gender equality, sustainable management of water and sanitation, alternative resources, sustainable livelihood standards, and global partnerships. Such a conceptual system analysis of SDGs can enhance the likelihood that the development community will broaden its understanding of the potential synergistic benefits of their projects on resource management, environmental sustainability, and climate change. By linking the interactions and feedbacks of those projects with economic gains, women＇s empowerment, and educational equality, stakeholders can recognize holistic improvements that can be made to the quality of life of many of the world＇s poor.

The Influence of Anima in Edgar Allen Poe

Through the analysis of Poe＇s works and his life, the influence of anima in Poe＇s soul is explored in this study according to Carl Jung＇s theory of archetype. Anima is one of the archetypes, which made both negative and positive influences in Poe＇s life and literary creation, leading him to be the master of poetry and short stories, but also consumed his life and caused his death in the prime. In the study about the influence of anima in Poe, Anima was proved acting as the feminine complement factors in Poe＇s unconscious, and made Poe more sensitive in literary creation. As Poe knew the man＇s world and also understood the woman＇s world, which is the accumulative influence of both negative and positive influences of Anima in Poe, his literary creativity was strong and he had the unique aesthetics.

Reasons Why the Great Pyramids of Giza Remain the Only Surviving Wonder of the Ancient World： Drawing Ideas from the Structure of the Giza Pyramids to Nuclear Power Plants

Selecting a site for a nuclear power plant requires extensive studies to ensure its safety and stability during its operation until its decommissioning. The 4,500-year old Egyptian pyramids at Giza are buildings to learn from. This paper tries to pin down the reasons for the survival of the Giza pyramids in order to reach a criterion for choosing sites for important buildings. It argues that the site selection and the geological properties of the area, being away from seismic effects,, floods and groundwater levels, the stability of the geometric form of the pyramid, the solidity of the structural engineering and precision of execution arguably are the reasons why the Great Pyramids of Giza are the only survivors of the seven wonders of the ancient world.

Cancer Prevention through Legislation Hong Kong Experience

Cancer is the major cause of death worldwide and in the local community. Due to the aging population and changes in lifestyle of the citizens, it is expected that the incidence of cancer will continue to increase. In fact, according to the World Health Organization, about 30% of cancer death can be prevented. The fight against cancer relies on support from the government, together with collaborations with the policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the public. Legislation can act as a tool for cancer prevention. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the global cancer burden and to describe how cancer legislation acts as a tool for cancer prevention in the Hong Kong region.

From Quanta to Qualia： How a Paradigm Shift Turns Into Science

Ever since the development of quantum mechanics in the first part of the 20th century, a new world view has emerged. Today, the physicalist objective assumption that objects exist independently of acts of observation has been challenged. The repercussions of this radical challenge to our common-sense perception of the world are far-reaching, although not yet generally realized. Here we argue that there is a complementary view to the way science which is being practiced, and that consciousness itself is primary and qualia form the foundation of experience. We outline the arguments of why the new science of qualia will tie objects that are being perceived to the subjective experience, through the units of subjective experience called qualia. If there is a reality that exists outside of perceptions in consciousness, it is indeed inconceivable. The reason is that once one subtracts everything that one can sense, imagine, feel, or think about, there＇s nothing left. Since qualia are subjective, they challenge the dominant world view of science as practiced today, which is reductionist, objective, and mathematical. Our view is a natural continuation of the quantum world view. We outline what the steps will have to be in order to fully develop the science of qualia.

The Psychological Causes and Identification of the Destructive Cult Belief

It is a worldwide problem to let the destructive cult believers detached from the destructive cult. The most difficult point is that it is difficult to change the destructive cult belief. The reason why the destructive cult faith is difficult to change is because that the destructive cults embezzled the basic concepts and doctrines of many legitimate religions in the construction of the destructive cult faith, which make the destructive cults and religious beliefs have many similarities in psychology, including the tenacity and stability of faith. The believers tend to believe it as a orthodox legitimate religion. The article points out the similarity that makes destructive cult beliefs hard to change and lists the ways to identify heretical beliefs.

On the Generation of Nominalization and its Ecological Significance in Poetic Language

In consideration of the confused debates about the value of nominalization, this paper tries to explore the original generation of nominalization and analyze its use in poetry. This paper attempts to explore the generation of nominalization from a comprehensive point of view, to distinguish between ＂primary nominalization＂ and ＂ideological nominalization＂, to trace the root of primary nominalization, and to analyze the use of primary nominalization in poetry. Based on these analyses, this paper points out that primary nominalization in poetry is more consonant with the Green grammar, with the undivided, holistic ecological worldview and has ecological significance. However, the ideological nominalization in some other nonliterary formal style is an obstacle to the solution to environment problem, and so we should understand the function of nominalization with its contexts and pay more attention to poetic language.

Comparison of Total Mercury Accommodations between Two Edible Fish Tissues （Tuna and Fitofag）

In this study, total mercury in canned tuna in comparison with Hypophthalmichthys molitrix （fitofag or phytophag） fish samples were determined by flow injection cold vapour generation atomic absorption spectrometry after digestion by the two different methods. The mercury concentration varied from 83 to 290 ng g~ with an average value of 147 ng g-1 in canned tuna, while the concentration varied from 14 to 56 ng g-1 with an average value of 26 ng g-1 for fitofag fish. Recoveries of the total mercury were in the range of 81-107% and 120-160% by method 1 and 2, respectively. The results of this study indicate that tuna and fitofag fish from the Persian Gulf area of Iran have concentrations well below the permissible FAO/WHO levels for total mercury and also the feed regime of fishes can affect the mercury accommodation. Therefore, their contribution to the body burden can be considering negligible and the fish seem to be safe for human consumption.

The Assessment of Air Pollution during 2013 and 2014 in Tokat Province

This study aimed to determine the amount of total polluting matter emitted into the atmosphere from heating and industrial-based emissions and the total pollution bulk of Tokat city center. The annual cycles of some heavy metal in particulate matters have been investigated at this area in order to elucidate temporal variations as well as major sources processes responsible for their formation. Air particulate samples were collected from three different locations situated around Tokat. These samples were determined for heavy metals by using Flame or graphite-furnace Atomic absorption spectroscopy. Particulate matter concentrations up to 52.43μg/m^3 were observed in sampling area. The initial results of the chemical analysis showed that concentration values of heavy metals in air particles observed were higher than the World Health Organization （WHO） guideline limit values.

Set Relationships between Tourists' Authentic Perceptions and Authenticity of World Heritage Resources

Tourists’ authentic perceptions are crucial for the development of world heritage resources. The paper focuses on exploring the relationships between tourists’ authentic perceptions and authenticity-based tourism development of world heritage. Through the empirical study on the Forbidden City in Beijing, we find that the relationships between the above two factors can be simulated by the model of set theory in algebra. As a result, five types of set relationships are proposed： “separation relation”, “intersection relation”, “inclusion relation I”,“inclusion relation II” and “superposition relation”. According to sample distribution rules, the set relationships can be further divided into primary set relationships and secondary set relationships. The study on set relationships based on demographic characteristic of tourists by using two-way analysis of variance method shows that the tourists in different groups of gender, ages, levels of education, visit frequencies and levels of early perspectives have different perceptions for the set relationships. The ifndings in this paper are helpful for identifying effects of the authenticity-based exploitation of world heritage resources and proposing future strategies for world heritage resources from tourists’ authentic perspectives.

CRUDE OIL PRICE FORECASTING WITH TEI@I METHODOLOGY

The difficulty in crude oil price forecasting, due to inherent complexity, has attracted much attention of academic researchers and business practitioners. Various methods have been tried to solve the problem of forecasting crude oil prices. However, all of the existing models of prediction can not meet practical needs. Very recently, Wang and Yu proposed a new methodology for handling complex systems-TEI@I methodology by means of a systematic integration of text mining, econometrics and intelligent techniques.Within the framework of TEI@I methodology, econometrical models are used to model the linear components of crude oil price time series (i.e., main trends) while nonlinear components of crude oil price time series (i.e., error terms) are modelled by using artificial neural network (ANN) models. In addition, the impact of irregular and infrequent future events on crude oil price is explored using web-based text mining (WTM) and rule-based expert systems (RES) techniques. Thus, a fully novel nonlinear integrated forecasting approach with error correction and judgmental adjustment is formulated to improve prediction performance within the framework of the TEI@I methodology. The proposed methodology and the novel forecasting approach are illustrated via an example.

WORLD

AUSTRIA International Atomic Energy Agency＇s（IAEA）Director General Yukiya Amano（center）attends a board of governors meeting at the headquarters of IAEA in Vienna on January 19,discussing the work of inspecting and supervising Iran＇s nuclear activityPAKISTAN Police investigate a suicide blast site at a checkpoint in Peshawar on January 19.