世界自然遗产景区在全球的空间分布特征及规律研究

世界自然遗产作为被UNFSCO确认和全球公认的具有突出意义和普遍价值的自然景观,截至2019年年底数量达到252处(含双重遗产39处)。针对目前缺乏基于旅游地学的世界自然遗产型景区空间分布规律方面研究的现状,本文从成因背景、全球时空及系统动力学视角,运用成因旅游、旅游学理论,结合文献研究法、频率分析法、对比分析法,通过世界自然遗产型景区在全球的空间分布特征及规律研究,提出环太平洋型、欧亚型、大洋中脊型、板块边缘型、板块内部型等五类世界自然遗产型景区全球空间分布成的因组合类型。并此基础上,对每一种成因组合类型自然遗产型景区的分布特征、分布规律及其成因进行研究,不仅为全球自然遗产型景区地质安全性及旅游风险性评价提供科学依据,而且为世界自然遗产申报与评定、保护与管理以及旅游规划发展提供相关理论指导。

利刃石林捕虫行动

马达加斯加是一个被时间遗忘的岛,这里的动植物仿佛来自另一个星球,你能见到身长不到1寸的变色龙,能使用回声定位的狐猴,还有像长颈鹿一样的甲虫。1亿多年前,马达加斯加岛就和其它大陆分离了,而位于西部的黥基自然保护区(Tsingyde Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve)则是马达加斯加岛最难进入,最不为人知的区域。为了考察保护区独特的稀有昆虫,几位身怀绝技的昆虫学家从巴黎来到这里。

Evaluation on Tourism Ecological Security in Nature Heritage Sites——Case of Kanas Nature Reserve of Xinjiang,China

The nature heritages are the precious legacy of nature with outstanding scientific and aesthetic value. They are quite different from other common ecotourism areas, because of its original and unique system, sensitive and vulnerable landscape, and peripheral cultural features. Therefore, the tourism development in the nature heritage sites should be on the premise of ecological security. The evaluation index system of tourism ecological security in nature heritage sites was constructed in this article by AHP and Delphi methods, including nature ecological security, landscape visual security and local culture ecological security, and the security thresholds of indices were also established. In the indices' weights of the evaluation model, the nature ecological security ranked the highest, followed by tourist landscape visual security and culture ecological security, which reflected the influence degree of the limited factor to tourism ecological security. Then, this paper carried out an empirical study of Kanas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, which has the potential to be the World Nature Heritage. On the basis of the data attained from survey and observation on the spot, as well as questionnaire answered by tourists and local communities, the ecological security status in Kanas was evaluated. The result showed that the status of Kanas tourism ecological security was better, but there had some limiting factors. Lastly, effective measures were put forward to ensure its ecological security.

Estimation on Aesthetic Value of Tourist Landscapes in a Natural Heritage Site:Kanas National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China

Most world natural heritage sites are designated partly by reason of their prominent aesthetic values in accordance with Article Ⅶ of World Natural Heritage Convention.In this paper, the aesthetic values of Kanas National Nature Reserve, which has potential for such designation, was analyzed quantitatively using scenic beauty estimation(SBE).The landscapes of 19 representative scenic spots in the Kanas National Nature Reserve in summer and autumn were selected as the objects of evaluation.The contributions of different landscape factors to the aesthetic value of the Kanas National Nature Reserve were revealed using a multivariate quantitative model.The main factors affecting the aesthetic value were waterscapes, vegetation, mountains, folk culture and the tourist environment.The t-test and F-test results are extremely significant.According to the results, some suggestions were given for conserving the landscapes in the Kanas National Nature Reserve.

Measuring Recreational Value of World Heritage Sites Based on Contingent Valuation Method:A Case Study of Jiuzhaigou

World heritage possesses various kinds of use value and non-use value. Measuring the recreational value of world heritage sites is a key issue in the heritage tourism. This paper employs Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is an evaluation instrument on the basis of tourists′ attitude and preference, to measure the recreational value of Jiuzhaigou, one of the World Natural Heritage sites in China, and analyzes the biases in the survey. The results show that: 1) In 2009, Jiuzhaigou′s recreational value was 3.46×108 yuan (RMB), and the per capita Willingness to Pay (WTP) was 137.31 yuan by CVM. Compared with the results of other methods, this result is significantly low. 2) Among the factors that influence Jiuzhaigou tourists′ WTP, psychological perception factors have the greatest effect while demographic and socio-economic characteristics have a small effect on WTP. 3) The virtuality in CVM creates biases both from CVM itself and in the procedures that CVM was implemented. The former includes hypothetical bias, information bias, protest response bias, and strategic bias; and the latter includes the questionnaire design, population and sample definition, sampling and data processing. The paper analyses those biases and illustrates their potential in-fluences on the accuracy of CVM measurement. 4) Although there are various defects in CVM measurement, it is still an effective valuation method.

A Remote Sensing-based Analysis on the Impact of Wenchuan Earthquake on the Core Value of World Nature Heritage Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuary

In this study,we used remotely sensed data,GIS modeling,and statistical methods to evaluate the damage caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12,2008) to the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) habitat in the World Nature Heritage Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuary (WHSGPS) in China.A landscape ecological analysis found increases of landscape heterogeneity,complexity,and fragmentation in the giant panda habitat after the earthquake.A terrain analysis found that slope and elevation are directly associated with the distribution of the damaged areas.As slope and elevation increase,the size of the damaged area keeps increase until to a peak,and then starts to drop.The total area of the damaged vegetation in our study area is 114.26 km 2,accounting for 3.78% of the study area;30.46% of that 114.26 km 2 is located in the Core Zone of WHSGPS.There are 18.57km 2 of the damaged vegetation located in the identified suitable giant panda habitat,accounting for 1.75% of the total area of suitable giant panda habitats in the study area.Based on these findings,we conclude that the Wenchuan Earthquake does not have significant impact on the WHSGPS as a whole.

Natural Heritage Value of Xinjiang Tianshan and Global Comparative Analysis

Xinjiang Tianshan is a serial natural property that has been nominated for World Heritage status.This paper presents a systematically comprehensive and comparative analysis of the heritage resources of Xinjiang Tianshan according to the World Heritage criteria.Its biological,ecological and aesthetic values,which are of global importance, are documented.It is concluded that Xinjiang Tianshan meets the world heritage criteria(vii)and (ix).Xinjiang Tianshan is compared with other mountain world heritage sites,mountains in Central Asia,the Tianshan Mountains outside China,and with the protected areas of the Tianshan Mountains on the Tentative List for World Heritage Sites,so as to provide objective data for the world heritage application.

Earthquake-triggered landslides affecting a UNESCO Natural Site：the 2017 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake in the World National Park,China

On August 8^(th), 2017, an Ms 7.0 magnitude earthquake occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, northern Sichuan Province, China. The Jiuzhaigou Valley World National Park was the most affected area due to the epicentre being located in the scenic area of the park. Understanding the distribution characteristics of landslides triggered by earthquakes to help protect the natural heritage sites in Jiuzhaigou Valley remains a scientific challenge. In this study, a relatively complete inventory of the coseismic landslides triggered by the earthquake was compiled through the interpretation of high-resolution images combined with a field investigation. The results indicate thatcoseismic landslides not only are concentrated in Rize Gulley, Danzu Gully and Zezhawa Gully in the study area but also occur in the front part of Shuzheng Gully along the road network(from the entrance of Jiuzhaigou Valley to Heye Village). The landslides predominantly occur on the east-and southeastfacing slopes in the study area, which is a result of the integrated action of the valley direction and fault movement direction. The back-slope effect and the slope structure caused the difference in coseismic landslide distribution within the three gullies(Danzu Gully, Rize Gully, and Zezhawa Gully) near the inferred fault. In addition, the topographic position index was used to analyse the impact of microlandforms on earthquake-triggered landslides by considering the effect of the slope angle. The study results reveal a higher concentration of landslides in the slope position class of the middle slope(30°-50°) in Jiuzhaigou Valley. These findings can provide scientific guidance for the protection of natural heritage sites and post-disaster reconstruction in Jiuzhaigou Valley.

Experience and lessons from tourism exploitation in Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage

From 1980s to 1990s, Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage in Hunan Province witnessed improper and overexploitation which has obviously imposed a negative impact upon its tourism resources. The weak ecological awareness of the related government decision-makers, the poor management, backward regulation constructions, the immature tourist market mechanism as well as the great pressure brought about by the tourist demands all account for this serious outcome. Therefore, in the future, it is essential to further deal with the relations properly between the opening and protection of the heritages, the relations between tourism industry and economic and social development so as to gradually realize in tourist activities a harmony between human beings and tourism resources and environment, a coordinated development among tourism industry, the other industries and social undertakings. Meanwhile, the future tourism development in this area should take a major form of sustainable civilized tourism to give full play to its scientific research, aesthetic and educational functions while developing commercial mass tourism moderately with restricted capacity control under the principle of maintaining the original features and intactness of this invaluable world natural heritage.

Study on Effective Measures of Environmental Protection for Sustainable Development of Tourism Industry in the World Natural Heritage Wulingyuan

In the course of exploiting its tourist resources and developing tourism industry in the early days in Wulingyuan, the government did not pay enough attention and no forceful measures were taken to control the environment. As a result, a series of problems are produced. By analyzing the relationship between the tourism development in Wulingyuan scenic area and its environmental evolution, the paper exposes the basic reason why these environmental problems are produced, and according to the requirement of developing tourism, the paper puts forward some effective measures to reasonably control the distribution of the tourists flow and to protect tourist resources as well as the environment, so as to achieve the sustainable development of the area.

浅谈贝叶文化的旅游开发

贝叶文化是西双版纳旅游之魂。绚丽多彩的贝叶文化,使西双版纳的民族风情充满浓郁而神秘的异域情调;热带雨林充满魅力和灵气。旅游是西双版纳贝叶文化的载体。游客通过领略西双版纳美丽的自然风光和丰富多彩的民族风情,品味西双版纳贝叶文化的内涵。从西双版纳旅游的现状来看,笔者认为:贝叶文化的旅游开发,不是要建设几个什么中心、景点,关键的问题在于如何认识和如何展示。

沿着江河的旅行

在云南旅行,避不开三个元素:山、河、村寨。很多人赞叹云南之旅精彩,却深感舟车劳顿。实际上,那些漫长的旅途,无一不是绕着巨大山河展开的旅程的一部分,当蜿蜒道路戛然而止,一处绝美风光呈现眼前,一切的劳顿都终将得到足够的回报。熟悉云南的人会知道,一天之内,在云南就有可能跨过三四条大江,这些大江绝非区区无名小卒,澜沧江、怒江、金沙江、红河、珠江,任何一条都是世界级的巨川,即便是偏居滇西北一隅的独龙江,也将在下游成长为世界大河之一的伊洛瓦底江。这一"群"江河之所以如此密集,端赖亿万年持续的地球板块运动,它造就的这种独一无二的景象,即便放在全世界范围内,也是无双的胜景。