学通在身实际在用

学能尽胜,四通六格,备在一身。如酌水于井,取火于石,井无尽水,石无尽火。夫井仅容瓮,石大如枣,何以无尽若是?以天地之水通于容瓮之井,以天地之火藏于如枣之石,水火本自无尽,非井石能不尽。世能用我,如日酌日取,无求不足;世不用我,如不酌不取,而井之无尽之水者自若,石之无尽之火者自若。夫井之通水广,故其济亦广;石之藏火广,故其用亦广。今之言性者,知其精不知其广,知其广不能致其广。守耳目,锢智虑,外勋利,怵变异,守己以没,不如成一才,犹有益于治。破其隘识,乃见性功。

Constructivism-based Course Books＇ Compiling and a New Mode of Teaching

The paper explores the positive impact of constructivism-based course books compiling and the new mode of teaching, analyzes their effects on helping students improve their integrated English language competence, and pointing out that the development of teaching non-English major graduate students has raised new demands for teaching devices, teaching methodology and new roles of teachers and learners. Therefore, New Century Graduate English Series, as constructivism-based course books, has made some beneficial attempts for the implementation of the new graduate English teaching reauirements.

Altered expression of mitochondrial related genes in the native Tibetan placents by mitochondrial cDNA array analysis

Objective： To explore the mechanism of native Tibetan fetuses adaptation to hypoxia, we tried to find the different expression genes about mitochondrial function in the native Tibetan placents. Methods： In this study, the placents of native Tibetan and the high-altitude Hart （ha-Hart） were collected. After the total RNA extraction, the finally synthesized cDNAs were hybridized to mitochondrial array to find the altered expression genes between them. Then, the cytochrome c oxidase 17 （Coxl7）, dynactin 2 （DCTN2, also known as p50）, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor （VEGFR, also known as KDR） were chosen from the altered expression genes to further verify the array results using the SYBR Green real-time PCR. Because the altered expression genes （such as Cybb and Cox 17） in the array results related to the activities of COXI and COXIV, the placental mitochondria activities of COXI and COXIV were measured to find their changes in the hypoxia. Results： By a standard of≥1.5 or ≤0.67, there were 24 different expressed genes between the native Tibetan and the ha-Han placents, including 3 up-regulated genes and 21 down-regulated genes. These genes were related to energy metabolism, signal transduction, cell proliferation, electron transport, cell adhesion, nucleotide-excision repair. The array results of Cox17, DCTN2 and KDR were further verified by the real-time RT-PCR. Through the mitochondria respiration measurements, the activity of COXI in the native Tibetan placents were higher than that of ha-Han, there was no difference in COXIV activity between them. Conclusion： The altered mitochondrial related genes in the native Tibetan placents may have a role in the high altitude adaptation for fetuses through changing the activity of mitochondrial COX.

Urban Hierarchy of Innovation Capability and Inter-city Linkages of Knowledge in Post-reform China

The 2000s has witnessed increasing interests in cities′role of innovation in the era of knowledge-based economy.Compared with substantial empirical analysis on the world city hierarchy of innovation,this paper attempts to examine the national urban hierarchy of innovation capability in China,in terms of ranking systems,spatial pattern and inter-city linkages of knowledge during the post-reform period since the late 1970s.Based on quantitative analysis such as principal component factor analysis and clustering analysis,this paper identifies the five-tier hierarchy of in-novation,which is headed by Beijing and Shanghai,followed by the capital cities of each province and regional centre cities.The development of China′s urban hierarchy of innovation capability has been driven by such factors as the scale of innovation,scientific scale,innovation potential and innovation environment.The paper further investigates the inter-city linkages of knowledge measured by the number of co-authored papers among the cities.Beijing is positioned in the central position of the knowledge diffusion and knowledge cooperation innovation.More knowledge diffusion among high level cities has occurred than that among the low level cities as well as between the low level cities and high level cities,and provincial capital cities and the regional central cities.

The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost or Empathic Cognition and the Role of Symbols in Comprehension of Poetry

The role of empathic cognition is very ＂great for philosophers and philosophy in general and for ordinary people. Empathic cognition gives people a chance ＂to let＂ the emotions of the Other ＂go＂ into their minds. Empathic cognition is based on so-called co-suffering and in-sensation of the feelings of the Other or Others. Clots of energy or certain energy units are formed in consciousness of each person, they are called ＂subjective representants＂. It is possible to understand the Other or Others and to decipher the main idea of the poem （if the task to work on translation is given） and to express it in the native language if to find out not only the meanings of the words but the symbols the author has used in his poem. The reader ＂goes into＂ the world of the author trying to be near the author and trying to grasp what the author felt working on the poem. There is something what gives us a possibility to enter into the world of a creative personality. This ＂something＂ is empathic cognition.

Assessment of Sustainable Energy Strategy with Long-Term Global Energy Model Incorporating Nuclear Fuel Cycle

This paper investigates long-term energy strategy compatible with significant reduction of world carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions, employing a long-term global energy model, Dynamic New Earth 21 （called DNE21）. The model seeks the optimal energy mix from 2000 to 2100 that minimizes the world total energy system cost under various kinds of energy and technological constraints, such as energy resource constraints, energy supply and demand balance constraints, and CO2 emissions constraints. This paper discusses the results of primary energy supply, power generation mix, CO2 emission, CCS （carbon capture and storage） and total system costs for six regions including world as a whole. To evaluate viable pathways forward for implementation of sustainable energy strategies, nuclear power generation is a viable source of clean and green energy to mitigate the CO2 emissions. Present research shows simulation results in two cases consisting of no CO2 regulation case （base case） and CO2 REG case （regulation case） which halves the world CO2 emissions by the year 2050. Main findings of this research describe that renewable and nuclear power generation will contribute significantly to mitigate the CO2 emission worldwide.

Distribution of Market Share in the World Soft-Drink Industry

The distribution of market shares within an industry is a relevant performance measure for managers and policy makers, for it allow to determine whether a given industry is competitive or not. Usually, the perfect competition model is the reference to judge the efficiency of markets. However, there is enough empirical evidence that shows that one of the most evident features of global firms is that both their size and market are Zipf-distributed. In this paper, we show that the distribution of market shares in the world cola-drink market is skewed, but it does not follow Zipf＇s law, thus it is inadequate to generalize it to any kind of market.

Mitigation Strategy against Cascading Failures on Social Networks

Cascading failures are common phenomena in many of real-world networks,such as power grids,Internet,transportation networks and social networks.It's worth noting that once one or a few users on a social network are unavailable for some reasons,they are more likely to influence a large portion of social network.Therefore,an effective mitigation strategy is very critical for avoiding or reducing the impact of cascading failures.In this paper,we firstly quantify the user loads and construct the processes of cascading dynamics,then elaborate the more reasonable mechanism of sharing the extra user loads with considering the features of social networks,and further propose a novel mitigation strategy on social networks against cascading failures.Based on the realworld social network datasets,we evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the novel mitigation strategy.The experimental results show that this mitigation strategy can reduce the impact of cascading failures effectively and maintain the network connectivity better with lower cost.These findings are very useful for rationally advertising and may be helpful for avoiding various disasters of cascading failures on many real-world networks.

Adaptive Synchronization in Small-World Dynamical Networks

Adaptive synchronization in NW small-world dynamical networks was studied. Firstly, an adaptive synchronization method is presented and explained. Then, it is applied to two different classes of dynamical networks, one is a class-B network, small-world connected R6 ssler oscillators, the other is a class-A network, small-world connected Chua＇s circuits. The simulation verifies the validity of the presented method. It also shows that the adaptive synchronization method is robust to the variations of the node systems parameters. So the presented method can be used in networks whose node systems have unknown or time-varying parameters.

The Belt and Road Initiative Working Towards a Global Vision

The Belt and Road Initiative is proposed as an international strategy in China. In the eyes of the Chinese people, the Belt and Road Initiative is an international strategy rather than a regional strategy, the goals of which are to coordinate an all-around opening of China to the world and promote further integration of the country into the global economy. So the strategy is talked in almost every field in China. However, Outside of China, the discussion about the Belt and Road initiative does not always provide encouragement and support and typically there are more disputes than agreements. Implementation of Belt and Road is going to reconstruct regional interests and balance powers throughout the world. There are many difficulties in achieving the goal, so China has to realize the true situation in neighboring countries and provide more chances for Non-Governmental Organizations as well as illustrating to the world how China will do in the future.

Truth and the World： Why Davidson Is Right and Rorty Is Wrong

Richard Rorty thinks he has the same agenda as Donald Davidson. He is wrong. Though Rorty contends truth as only metaphor liberates us, he actually undercuts a rich interpretative ability. Davidson＇s agenda provides ways to explore this ability by elucidating the conditions that reside in the make up of successful communication and in which truth claims are made about the world. Thus, Davidson and Rorty have different agenda, and Davidson＇s offers more promise for philosophy to help explain what we seem to know-we can communicate truthfully about the world.

Intelligent manufacture adapts to agile manufacture production mode in the 21st century

The paper describes the characteristics of the intelligent manufacturing system and production mode in the 21st century in the information age, therefore draws a conclusion that the intelligent manufacturing system adapts to agile manufacture (AM for short) production mode in the 21st century.

Natural Ionizing System of Electrical Protection and Energies against Atmospheric Discharges （Lightning）

This is the new highest technology, 100% Venezuelan and unique in the world, technological innovation, world patent for maximum protection, security and zero risk （0） to all electrical and power generation systems： hydroelectric and thermoelectric power plants, wind, nuclear and solar power plants, etc.; it is the only technology around the world that has the potential to disperse and propagate to land mass the enormous energies associated to the atmospheric discharges （lightning）, which are in the order： 200,000 to 500,000 Amperes; 1,000 million kilowatts and high-level transient voltage of 100 million volts. This new high technology is the solution to the paradigm of Benjamin Franklin and it is the mechanism to end ＂blackouts＂ that produces so many damages and losses of billions of dollars to both generators and users of electrical service, throughout the world.

Analysis of Oil & Gas Policies in the World's Major Countries

In recent years, due to low oil prices, resource countries have been carrying out oil & gas industry reforms and accelerating structural reform of their energy industry. At the supply side, taxes have been reduced; at the comsumption side, taxes are on the rise. These resource countries have also opened up their oil and gas sectors in the hopes of attracting more domestic and foreign capital. With the Paris Agreement coming into effect in 2016, green and low-carbon development has become the consensus of global energy development. Although the development of clean energy has currently slowed down because of low oil prices, clean energy will be the world's common direction of development in the long run. Currently, countries continue to support the development of clean energy, although the manners of their support are changing.

Role of Naval Architects in Ship Recycling

The paper identifies twelve elements of ship recycling recycling system. The source and items of knowledgebase for ship and highlights their respective roles and duties in a proposed ship recycling have been brought out. A new philosophy focusing clean and safe ship recycling namely design for ship recycling has been introduced based on principles such as ecofriendliness, engineering efficiency, energy conservation and ergonomics. The role of naval architects in ship recycling industry has been described based on the above factors. The paper brings out the role of naval architects in ship recycling the way it has been practiced worldwide and proposed by regulatory bodies. The authors have brought out the new concept of design for ship recycling and various aspects of it. The role of naval architects in the practice of this new design philosophy which is ready to be embraced by the maritime industry has been reiterated.

The Benefit of a Punitive God： The Story of Ananias and Sapphira

In this narrative, we explore the story of Ananias and Sapphira from the book of Acts in the Christian scriptures. We examine the story in the light of a recent hook by Dominic Johnson （2016）, God Is Watching You, and other related research. The idea of a punitive God and/or the belief in a punitive God may have significant effects on group functioning. The troubling story of Ananias and Sapphira may be seen as a central cog in the cooperative coming together of what became the Christian Church. In our modem world, a punitive God is an idea we seek to avoid but it may be the one that is essential for a peaceful cooperative world.

Therapeutic application of stem cells in gastroenterology:An up-date

Adult stem cells represent the self-renewing progenitors of numerous body tissues, and they are currently classified according to their origin and differentiation ability. In recent years, the research on stem cells has expanded enormously and holds therapeutic promises for many patients suffering from currently disabling diseases. This paper focuses on the possible use of stem cells in the two main clinical settings in gastro-enterology, i.e., hepatic and intestinal diseases, which have a strong impact on public health worldwide. Despite encouraging results obtained in both regenerative medicine and immunemediated conditions,further studies are needed to fully understand the biology of stem cellsand carefully assess their put ativeonco- genicproperties.Moreover,there searchonstemcellsarousesferventethical,socialandpoliticaldebate.TheItalianSocietyofGastroenterologysponsoredaworkshoponstemcellsheldinVeronaduringtheⅩⅥCongressoftheFederationofItalianSocietiesofDigestiveDiseases(March 6-9,2010).Here,we report on the issues discussed,including liver and intestinal diseases that may benefit from stemcell therapy,the biology of hepatic and intestinal tissue repair,and stem cell usage inclinical trials.

The Strategies on the Chinese College Student＇s English Listening and Speaking Ability Based on MOOC

English is now, as a universal language, the main tool for communication among people all over the world. The English listening and speaking ability is the key to it. But the status-quo of Chinese student＇s English listening and speaking ability is disappointing. This paper tries to analyze the necessity of improving their English listening and speaking ability and put forward some strategies on it based on MOOC which includes teaching online and teaching offline.

A Novel Audio Event Detection Method for Internet of Things

Recently, the Internet of Things （loT） has attracted more and more attention. Multimedia sensor network plays an important role in the IoT, and audio event detection in the multimedia sensor net- works is one of the most important applications for the Internet of Things. In practice, it is hard to get enough real-world samples to generate the classifi- ers for some special audio events （e.g., car-crash- ing in the smart traffic system）. In this paper, we introduce a TrAdaBoost-based method to solve the above problem. By using the proposed approach, we can train a strong classifier by using only a tiny amount of real-world data and a large number of more easily collected samples （e.g., collected from TV programs）, even when the real-world data is not sufficient to train a model alone. We deploy this ap- proach in a smart traffic system to evaluate its per- formance, and the experiment evaluations demonstrate that our method can achieve satisfying results.

Jinan Eco-Energy Brings Its Green Dream to the World

A tide of innovation is sweeping across China.For three years China has led the world in patent applications,carving a foothold in modern fields like high-speed trains,machinery exports and technical standards.