Growing Development and Physiological Characteristics of Seeds Harvested Different Days after Pollination and Their 7-day Seedlings of Two Yellow-Seeded Cultivars of Brassica napus L.

This study aimed to understand the growing development and physiological characteristics of seeds harvested different days after pollination and the seedlings emerged from the seeds of yellow-seeded Brassica napus L..Two yellow-seeded cultivars‘Hongyuan 558’and‘Qinyou 806’were selected in this study,and 50 seeds were collected 30,35,and 40 d after pollination,respectively.The seeds were weighed and placed on filter paper for hydroponic experiments.The seed germination rate was determined 3-5 d later.The physiological indicators including superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)activities and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were measured for the seeds harvested different days after pollination and the 7-day-seedlings emerged from the seeds.The results showed that the seed dry weights and germination rates of both‘Qinyou 806’and‘Hongyuan 558’increased as the days after pollination increased,especially 30-35 d after pollination.The germination rate and dry and fresh weights of the seeds showed no significant differences between the two cultivars,and almost all the seeds germinated 40 d after pollination.As the days after pollination increased,the SOD activities in the seeds of both cultivars first increased and then decreased,reaching their peaks 35 d after pollination,which may be related to encountering adverse stress.The POD activity in the seeds of‘Qinyou 806’kept declining,and that of‘Hongyuan 558’first increased and then decreased,which may be related to the antioxidant mechanism and adaptive regulation.The CAT activities in the seeds of both cultivars first decreased and then increased.The MDA content in the seeds of‘Qinyou 806’first decreased and then increased,while that of‘Hongyuan 558’kept reducing and was the highest in the seeds 30 d after pollination,which indicated‘Hongyuan 558’was mildly affected by the environment and had strong resistance.The activities of SOD and POD in the seedlings of two cultivars that were emerged from the seeds 35-40 d after pollination became weakened,which may be related to their exposure to stress.The CAT activity in the seedlings of‘Hongyuan 558’was generally higher than that of‘Qinyou 806’,indicating that‘Hongyuan 558’had stronger stress resistance.The MDA content in the seedlings emerged from the seeds 35-40 d after pollination showed a decreasing trend,indicating that the seedlings emerged from the seeds harvested at this stage had mild cell membrane damage and enhanced stress resistance.In conclusion,‘Hongyuan 558’had strong environmental adaptability and stress resistance.

The Comparison of Contents of Malondialdehyde and Proline in the Area of Karst Area in Northweastern Guangxi Province

[Objective] To select excellent pioneer species of better ecological and economical comprehensive benefits from the common rock hill plants in Karst area in northwestern Guangxi Province.[Method] Determine the contents of malondialdehyde and proline in leaves of 65 strains of plants by thiobarbituric acid method and sultosalicylic acid method,analyze the relevance of the contents of malondialdehyde and proline by mathematics statistics and analyze the 65 kinds of rock hill plants by clustering [Result] The contents of malondialdehyde and proline are 0.005 2-0.038 1 μmol/g.There are comparably significant differences in the contents of malondialdehyde in different plants;The determination of proline contents in plant＇s leaves are 4.347-374.956 μg/ml.There are also significant differences in proline of different leaves of rock hill plants.The contents of malondialdehyde and proline can be used as a reference point in selecting pioneer plants in Karst area.But when we select the pioneer plants,not only the biological characters of the species themselves should be taken into consideration,but also the differences of Karst area environment,ecological and biological benefits and the reasonable distribution of species.[Conclusion] Pistacia chinensis,Zenia insignis,Acacia confusa,Itoa orientalis and Sophora japonica can be used as the first choices of excellent pioneer plants in Karst area in northwestern area which comparably consists with the real situation of afforestation of rock hills and recovery of plants in Guangxi.

Physiological Responses of Yixing Lily Leaf and Bulb to Drought Stress

[Objective]To explore an effective method for evaluating drought resistance of Yixing lily and provide a reference for selecting drought-resistant Yixing lily varieties. [Method]Through artificial simulation of drought stress environment,the changes of physiological indexes,such as content of proline,malonaldehyde,and reducing sugar in Yixing lily leaf and bulb were observed,when soil water content changed. [Result]The response to drought stress of the Yixing lily leaf was greater than that of the bulb,and the content of the proline and malonaldehyde was higher than that of the reducing sugar. [Conclusion]The leaves as an appropriate material for evaluation and analysis on drought resistance can better reflect the physiological responses of Yixing lily to drought stress. And the content of the malonaldehyde and that of proline are preferable indexes.

Influences of 5-ALA Application on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Growth before Winter

[Objective] The aim of this paper is to investigate the influences of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid （5-aLA） application on the growth and mechanism of winter oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） before winter. [Method] For this purpose a split-plot experimental design with four treatments of seed soaking with 0,25,50 and 75 mg/L ALA solution （CK,A1,A2 and A3） was carried out from October 2009 to January 2010 in order to observe the influences upon the growth and relevant physiological indexes of Zhongshuang 9. [Result] Seed soaking with ALA solution significantly promotes the growth of double-9 before winter,which is probably due to the fact that ALA application enhances its photosynthesis,absorption of nutrients,and its anti-oxidation abilities. The research also finds that ALA treatment notably increases its photosynthetic pigment contents,root activities,leaf nitrate reductase activities,soluble sugar contents,antioxidase activities,and significantly decreases malondialdehyde（MDA） content. [Conclusion] These results indicate that seed soaking with 50 mg/L ALA solution might have a potential application in increasing the productivity of winter oilseed rape in agricultural management.

Effects of Adaptation to Elevated Salinity on Some Enzymes' Salt_tolerance in Vitro and Physiological Changes of Eelgrass

The eelgrass ( Zostera marina L.) was treated with artificial seawater (ASW) of different salinities ( 100%, 150% and 200% seawater) for 5 d. The activities of two enzymes extracted from the plant leaves were determined under a salinity grade in vitro So were the photosynthesis rates of the plants from the three treatments in the media with different salinities 100%, 150%, 200%, 300% ASW) and Some physiological data. The data showed that under increased salinities (concentrated seawater), Na+, Cl-, MDA (malon dialdehyde) and glucose contents and the osmotic potentials ( absolute value) in the leaves increased with the salinity elevation in the medium (ASW), but both K+ and free amino acid (mainly proline) contents decreased. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from the plant leaves under a salinity grade showed its activities (A) as follows: A(100%) (ASW) > A(150%) (ASW) > A(200%) (ASW). Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) extracted from the 100% ASW- and 200% ASW-treated plants showed similar activities (both insensitive to salinities) under the salinity grade in vitro, but the activities of PEPC from plants treated with 150% ASW were dependent oil salinity. Whether the plant is stressed at 150% ASW and can stand higher salinity than seawater needs to be studied further. Meantime, die data do not agree with the opinion that the adaptation of the eelgrass to seawater salinity is partly fulfilled by its insensitiveness to salinities in Some metabolic enzymes. It can be inferred that the lack of transpiration may be an important aspect of tire plant's tolerance to seawater salinity.

Physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration

A study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration in 2003. The results showed that A. chinensis seeds were recalcitrant with being highly desiccation-sensitive. The seed moisture content of fresh fruits was higher than 60%. When the seeds were naturally dried for 30 days, their moisture content declined to 30.2% and their viability was completely lost. The seed germination percentage had a small increase at the beginning of desiccation and then decreased rapidly. The relative electrical conductivity of the A. chinensis seeds increased along with a decrease in seed moisture content. However, there was an abnormal increase in relative electrical conductivity when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity decreased rapidly in the period of desiccation except for an abnormality when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Malondialdehyde （MDA） content increased slowly at the early stage of desiccation and then rose rapidly after the moisture content was below 50.9%. The soluble sugar content in seeds slowly increased with the increasing period of desiccation. The seed germination percentage was at the high level when seed moisture content was in range of 47%- 60%, which suggests that this was the optimum moisture content for maintaining A. chinensis seed viability.

Analysis and Evaluation Indicator Selection of Chilling Tolerance of Different Cotton Genotypes

[Objectivc] This study aimed to investigate the chilling tolerance of seedlings of different cotton genotypes and screen appropriate indicators for assess- ing chilling tolerance, to establish reliable mathematical evaluation model for chilling tolerance of cotton, thus providing theoretical basis for breeding and promoting new chilling-tolerant cotton germplasms and large-scale evaluation of chilling tolerance of cotton varieties. [Method] Fifteen cotton varieties （lines） were used as experimental materials. The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence ki- netic parameters, chlorophyll content, relative soluble sugar content, malonaldehyde content, relative proiine content, relative conductivity and other 12 physiological indi- cators of seedling leaves under low temperature treatment （5 ℃, 12 h） and recovery treatment （25 ℃. 24 h） were determined; based on the chilling tolerance coefficient （CTC） of various individual indicators, the comprehensive evaluation of chilling toler- ance was conducled by using principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster anal- ysis and stepwise regression analysis. [Result] The results showed that the 12 indi- vidual physiological indicators could be classified into 7 independent comprehensive components by principal component analysis; 15 cotton varieties （lines） were clus- tered into three categories by using membership function method and hierarchical cluster analysis; the mathematical model for evaluating chilling tolerance of cotton seedlings was established： D =0.275 -0.244Fo1 ＋0.206Fv/Fm1＋0.326g,%-0.056SS ＋ 0.225MDA＋O.O38REC （FF=0.995）, and the evaluation accuracy of the equation was higher than 94.25%,0. Six identification indicators closely related to chilling tolerance were screened, including Fo,, Fv/Fm1, Seedling leaves of cotton varieties （lines） gs2, SS, MDA, and REC. [Conclusion] with high chilling tolerance are less dam- aged under low temperature stress, and are able to maintain relatively high photo- synthetic electron transport capacity and high stomatal conductance after recovery treatment, which is contributed to gas exchange and recovery of photosynthetic ca- pacity. Determination of the six indicators under the same stress condition can be adopted for rapid identification and prediction of the chilling tolerance of other cotton varieties, which provides basis for the breeding, promotion, identification and screen- ing of chilling tolerant germplasms.

Effects of Light, Fertilizer and Irrigation on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Glehnia littoralis

The aim was to promote the cultivation and application of medicinal plants Glehnia littoralis. [Method] Glehnia littoralis was used as experi-mental materials in this study, and orthogonal design was performed to investigate the effects of light, fertilizer and irrigation on the growth of Glehnia littoralis. The biomass, leaf chlorophyl and malondialdehyde （MDA） content were determined to study its response to light, fertilizer and irrigation. [Result] The results showed that the optimum cultivation conditions of Glehnia littoralis were not completely consistent with wild living environments. Lightly shade, highly fertilization （21.38-32.08 g） and proper irrigation （500-750 ml） were suitable for artificial cultivated Glehnia littoralis. Under the condition, the biomass was enhanced, leaf chlorophyl and carotene con-tent were increased, and MDA content changed significantly. Under stress condi-tions, the biomass of Glehnia littoralis reduced, with the decrease of chlorophyl and carotenoid content. The content of chlorophyl a was more sensitive to the variation of light, fertilizer, irrigation and other environmental factors, and MDA content signifi-cantly increased by stress conditions. [Conclusion] This research can provide refer-ence for large-scale artificial cultivation of Glehnia littoralis.

Quantum Chemical Studies on Structure and Detonation Performance of Bis（2,2-dinitropropyl ethylene）formal

Based on the full optimized molecular geometric structures via B3LYP/6-311＋G（2d,p） method, a new gem-dinitro energetic plasticizer, bis（2,2-dinitropropyl ethylene）formal was investigated in order to search for high-performance energetic material. IR spectrum, heat of formation, and detonation performances were predicted. The bond dissociation energies and bond orders for the weakest bonds were analyzed to investigate the thermal stability of the title compound. The results show that the four N-NO2 BDEs are nearly equal to the values of 164.38 kJ/mol, which shows that the title compound is a stable compound. The detonation velocity and pressure were evaluated by using Kamlet-Jacobs equations based on the theoretical density and condensed HOF. The crystal structure obtained by molec-ular mechanics belongs to P21 space group, with lattice parameters Z=2, a=13.8017 A, b=13.4072 A, c=5.5635 A.

Effects of Breviscapine on the Changes in Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Induced by Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion in Rats

\ Effects of breviscapine, the active ingredient isolated from Erigeron breviscapus (Vant) Handmazz, on the changes in antioxidant enzyme activity induced by cerebral ischemiareperfusion in rats were explored. It was found that breviscapine improved the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSHperoxidase and catalase, while decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the brain, which was benificial in reducing the damage from cerebral ischemiareperfusion.

Effects of Ozone Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics Dwarfing Rootstock M9T337

[Objective] To investigate the effects of different ozone concentrations （30, 60, 80, 100 and 120 μg/L） on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of M9T337, so as to provide theoretical basis for breeding anti-ozone dwarfing root- stocks. [Method] The effects of different concentrations of ozone on chlorophyll con- tent, antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde （MDA） and soluble protein content of M9T337 were studied by potting dwarfing rootstock M9T337 as test material. [Result] With the increase of ozone concentration, the content of chlorophyll in M9T337 leaves decreased gradually. The activity of SOD （superoxide dismutase） and CAT （catalase） increased first and then decreased, while POD （Peroxidase） ac- tivity and MDA （malondialdehyde） content were gradually increased. [Conclusion] The comprehensive analysis of the indicators indicated that the potted M9T337 could tolerate the low concentration （〈80 μg/L） ozone stress in the short time （〈3 h）, and it would cause serious injury to M9T337 when the ozone concentration ex- ceeded 80 μg/L.

Pyrolysis of D-Glucose to Acrolein

Despite of its great importance, the detailed molecular mechanism for carbohydrate pyrolysis remains poorly understood. We perform a density functional study with a newly developed XYG3 functional on the processes for D-glucose pyrolysis to acrolein. The most feasible reaction pathway starts from an isomerization from D-glucose to D-fructose, which then undergoes a cyclic Grob fragmentation, followed by a concerted electrocyclic dehydration to yield acrolein. This mechanism can account for the known experimental results.

Effect of NO_3^--N Enrichment on Seawater Stress Tolerance of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus)

A hydroponic experiment with six treatments, i.e., 0% seawater （control）, 10% seawater, 25% seawater, 0% seawater ＋ N （7.5 mmol L-1 NaNO3）, 10% seawater ＋ N （7.5 mmol L-1 NaO3）, and 25% seawater ＋ N （7.5 mmol L-1 NaNO3）, was carried out to study the effect of nitrogen addition on the growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke （Helianthus tuberosus） seedlings under seawater stress. The 10% seawater stress treatment had the least effect on plant growth while at 25% seawater growth was significantly inhibited. The malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage in leaves under 10% seawater were similar to those of the control, but significantly higher under the 25% seawater stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in the leaves increased concomitantly with increasing seawater concentration and time. Proline and soluble-sugars in the leaves and Na^＋, K^＋, and Cl- contents in shoots and roots increased significantly with the concentration of seawater increasing. Nitrogen addition resulted in increasing fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots compared with seawater treatment without N. Nitrogen supplementation also significantly enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves. Addition of N to seawater enhanced the contents of proline and soluble-sugars in the leaves and K^＋ and total-N in the aerial parts and roots of H. tuberosus, but it resulted in declined concentrations of Na^＋ and Cl- in the aerial parts and roots. Nitrogen addition ameliorated the toxicity of seawater by improving the antioxidative enzymes, accumulating of proiine and soluble-sugars, and altering the distribution of inorganic ions in H. tuberosus.

Acid-activated and WO_x-loaded montmorillonite catalysts and their catalytic behaviors in glycerol dehydration

The use of H2SO4‐,HCl‐,H3PO4‐,and CH3COOH‐activated montmorillonite(Mt)and WOx/H3PO4‐activated Mt as catalysts for the gas‐phase dehydration of glycerol was investigated.The WOx/H3PO4‐activated Mt catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method using H3PO4‐activated Mt(Mt‐P)as the support.The catalysts were characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction,Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy,N2adsorption‐desorption,diffuse reflectance ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy,temperature‐programmed desorption of NH3,and thermogravimetric analysis.The acid activation of Mt and WOx loaded on Mt‐P affected the strength and number of acid sites arising from H+exchange,the leaching of octahedral Al3+cations from Mt octahedral sheets,and the types of WOx(2.7≤x≤3)species(i.e.,isolated WO4/WO6‐containing clusters,two‐dimensional[WO6]polytungstates,or three‐dimensional WO3crystals).The strong acid sites were weakened,and the weak and medium acid sites were strengthened when the W loading on Mt‐P was12wt%(12%W/Mt‐P).The12%W/Mt‐P catalyst showed the highest catalytic activity.It gave a glycerol conversion of89.6%and an acrolein selectivity of81.8%at320°C.Coke deposition on the surface of the catalyst led to deactivation.

Conversion of glycerol to acrolein by mesoporous sulfated zirconia-silica catalyst

A mesoporous sulfated zirconia-silica catalyst bearing only Br？nsted acid sites converted glycerol to acrolein in 81%yield with 82% selectivity.Space time yield as high as 9.0 mmol h^（-1） g_（cat）^（-1） was achieved even at a low reaction temperature of 523 K.The catalytic activity and selectivity were higher than those of typical sulfated zirconia.It is proposed that the milder acidity due to dilution of zirconium species by silica and large pore size for faster diffusion contributed towards the better catalytic performance.

Increased plasma malondialdehyde and fructosamine in anemic H pylori infected patients:Effect of treatment

AIM： TO unravel the possible association of malondialdehyde （MDA） and fructosamine in anemic H pylori infected patients and to observe the alteration in MDA and fructosamine levels in these patients after treatment for one month. METHODS： Fructosamine, MDA and glucose were estimated in 22 anemic H pylori infected patients and 16 healthy controls. Hematological parameters were also evaluated in both the groups using Sysmex-K-100 automated cell counter. The H pylori infected patients were randomly divided into two groups. Hpylori infected patients in Group Ⅰ received both iron supplementation and anti-H pylori therapy, while patients in Group Ⅱ received only iron supplementation. All the biochemical and hematological parameters were estimated after one month of treatment. RESULTS： In anemic H pylori infected patients, while MDA （5.41 ± 2.16 vs 2.26 ± 0.50; P 〈 0.05） and fructosamine （2.64 ± 0.93 vs 1.60 ± 0.35; P 〈 0.05） were significantly increased, iron （32.72 ± 14.93 vs 110.25 ± 26.58; P 〈 0.05）, hemoglobin （6.9 ± 2.6 vs 12.66 ± 0.74; P 〈 0.05） and ferritin （28.82 ± 16.27 vs 140.43 ± 30.72; P 〈 0.05） levels were significantly decreased compared with the controls. With partial correlation analysis, fructosamine was found to have a significant positive correlation with MDA. In Group I, while MDA level decreased significantly （3.11 ± 1.73 vs 5.50 ± 2.46; P 〈 0.05）, there was a significant increase in iron （84.09 ± 29.51 vs 36.09 ± 17.81; P 〈 0.05）, hemoglobin （10.40 ± 1.11 vs 7.42 ± 1.90; P 〈 0.05） and ferritin （116.91 ± 63.34 vs 30.46 ± 17.81; P 〈 0.05） levels after one month. There was no significant change in the levels of fructosamine in group Ⅰ after treatment. Similarly, no significant alterations were noted in the levels of IDA, fructosamine, hemoglobin or ferritin in Group Ⅱ patients after one month of treatment. CONCLUSION： An increased level of fructosamine and MDA was found in anemic H pylori infected patients. Present data supports the premise that lipid peroxides per se do play a role in the glycation of plasma proteins. Furthermore, the findings from this study indicate that treatment for both anemia and H pylori infections is required for lowering the levels of lipid peroxides in these patients.

Coke-tolerant SiW_(20)-Al/Zr_(10) catalyst for glycerol dehydration to acrolein

Glycerol dehydration to acrolein over a series of supported silicotungstic acid catalysts(SiWx‐Al/Zry)was investigated.Characterization results showed that the final catalyst had high thermal stability,a large pore diameter,strong Lewis acidic sites,and a large specific surface area.X‐ray photoelectron survey spectra clearly showed peaks attributable to W(W4f=35.8eV),Al2O3(Al2p=74.9eV),and ZrO2(Zr3d=182.8eV).The highest acrolein selectivity achieved was87.3%at97%glycerol conversion over the SiW20‐Al/Zr10catalyst.The prepared catalysts were highly active and selective for acrolein formation even after40h because of the presence of high concentrations of Lewis acidic sites,which significantly reduced the amount of coke on the catalyst surface.Response surface methodology optimization showed that87.7%acrolein selectivity at97.0%glycerol conversion could be obtained under the following optimal reaction conditions:0.5wt%catalyst,reaction temperature300°C,and feed glycerol concentration10wt%.Evaluation of a mass‐transfer‐limited regime showed the absence of internal and external diffusions over pellets of diameter dP<20μm.These results show that glycerol dehydration over a strong Lewis acid catalyst is a promising method for acrolein production.

Studies on the Chemical Components of Clematis chinensis

Two novel compounds, clemaphenol A and dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-hyroxymethyl-2(3H)-fura-none were isolated together with eight known compounds, isoferulic acid, b-sitosterol, daucosterol, 5-hy-droxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-hydroxy-4-oxo-pentanoic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid and anemonin from the root of Clematis chinensis Osbeck.

A New Disulfide from Garlic

从大蒜 (AlliumsativumL .)环己烷提取物中分得了一个新的二硫化物 :E 丙烯醛基烯丙基二硫化物 (1) ;两个新的阿霍烯类化合物 :E 4,5 ,9 三硫 1,7,11 三烯 9,9 二氧化物 (2 ) ,Z 2 ,3,7 三硫 4,9 二烯 7 氧化物 (3) 。

High-performance phosphate supported on HZSM-5 catalyst for dehydration of glycerol to acrolein

The purpose of this study is to increase acrolein yield and capability of coking resistance in the reaction of glycerol dehydration to acrolein by assembling metal phosphate supported on HZSM-5 catalyst. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, BET, NH_3-TPD, CO_2-TPD and Py-IR techniques. It was found that metal phosphate species were incorporated into the porous structure of HZSM-5 zeolites, thus influencing the surface and textural physico-chemical properties of the supporters. The alkaline-treated HZSM-5 catalyst promoted the dispersion of phosphate species on the carriers. Moreover, the amount of strong acidity was tremendously improved by adding the different metal hydrophosphates and the catalysts show high catalytic activity. In this present work, the Sn1/4 H_2PO_4/HZSM-5 catalyst exhibited good performance in the catalytic activity and coking resistant ability, which resulted in a high acrolein yield of 83% initially and acrolein yield of 68% after 30 h. The acidity, especially the ratio of strong to weak acid, plays an important role in promoting acrolein yield and stability simultaneously.